Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 10.12.4

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Passage 10.12.4

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3sentences parsed

89Greek tokens

2,584input tokens

6,247output tokens

Sentence 1

10.12.4 sentence 1

Tokens: 22
Input: 792
Output: 1,620
Total: 2,412

ἦν δὲ ἔτι καὶ νῦν ἐν τῇ Ἴδῃ τῇ Τρωικῇ πόλεως Μαρπήσσου τὰ ἐρείπια καὶ ἐν αὐτοῖς οἰκήτορες ὅσον ἑξήκοντα ἄνθρωποι·

The syntax is basically existential with ἦν, followed by two coordinated locative phrases and an appositional nominal group (οἰκήτορες ὅσον ἑξήκοντα ἄνθρωποι).

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἦν	εἰμί	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of the sentence.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	PTCL	_	1 ἦν	discourse	high	Postpositive connective particle.
3	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	D	_	1 ἦν	advmod	high	Adverb modifying the verbal predicate.
4	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	5 νῦν	cc	medium	Coordinates with νῦν; function somewhat adverbial.
5	νῦν	νῦν	ADV	D	_	1 ἦν	advmod	high	Temporal adverb.
6	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R	_	1 ἦν	obl	medium	Introduces locative phrase modifying ἦν.
7	τῇ	ὁ	DET	L-DSF	Case=Dat\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	8 Ἴδῃ	det	high	Article with Ἴδῃ.
8	Ἴδῃ	Ἴδη	PROPN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 ἐν	obl	high	Object of ἐν.
9	τῇ	ὁ	DET	L-DSF	Case=Dat\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	10 Τρωικῇ	det	high	Article with Τρωικῇ.
10	Τρωικῇ	Τρωικός	ADJ	A-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 Ἴδῃ	amod	high	Attributive adjective modifying Ἴδῃ.
11	πόλεως	πόλις	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 ἐρείπια	nmod	high	Genitive dependent of ἐρείπια.
12	Μαρπήσσου	Μάρπησσος	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 πόλεως	nmod	high	Genitive proper name dependent on πόλεως.
13	τὰ	ὁ	DET	L-NPN	Case=Nom\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	14 ἐρείπια	det	high	Article with ἐρείπια.
14	ἐρείπια	ἐρείπιον	NOUN	N-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	1 ἦν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἦν.
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	16 ἐν	cc	high	Connects the second locative phrase.
16	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R	_	1 ἦν	obl	high	Introduces second locative phrase.
17	αὐτοῖς	αὐτός	PRON	A-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	16 ἐν	obl	medium	Pronoun in dative with ἐν; could be construed as object of the preposition.
18	οἰκήτορες	οἰκήτωρ	NOUN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 ἦν	nsubj	high	Predicate/appositional subject with ἦν.
19	ὅσον	ὅσος	ADJ	A-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 ἑξήκοντα	amod	medium	Part of approximate quantity expression.
20	ἑξήκοντα	ἑξήκοντα	NUM	M	NumType=Card	21 ἄνθρωποι	nummod	high	Numeral modifying ἄνθρωποι.
21	ἄνθρωποι	ἄνθρωπος	NOUN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 οἰκήτορες	appos	medium	Apposition/explanation of οἰκήτορες.
22	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἦν	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 2

10.12.4 sentence 2

Tokens: 53
Input: 1,092
Output: 3,587
Total: 4,679

ὑπέρυθρος δὲ πᾶσα ἡ περὶ τὴν Μάρπησσον γῆ καὶ δεινῶς ἐστιν αὐχμώδης, ὥστε καὶ τῷ Ἀϊδωνεῖ ποταμῷ καταδύεσθαί τε ἐς τὴν χώραν καὶ ἀνασχόντι τὸ αὐτὸ αὖθις πάσχειν, τέλος δὲ καὶ ἀφανίζεσθαι κατὰ τῆς γῆς, αἴτιον ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἐστιν ὅτι λεπτή τε κατὰ τοῦτο καὶ σηραγγώδης ἐστὶν ἡ Ἴδη.

The syntax is dominated by a main copular statement followed by a ὥστε-infinitival result clause and a final ὅτι-explanatory clause; several infinitives are coordinated, with some participial attachment remaining slightly uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὑπέρυθρος	ὑπέρυθρος	ADJ	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 αὐχμώδης	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective with ἐστιν implied/copular.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	12 αὐχμώδης	discourse	high	Postpositive discourse particle.
3	πᾶσα	πᾶς	ADJ	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 γῆ	amod	high	Attributive modifier of γῆ.
4	ἡ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	8 γῆ	det	high	Article introducing the noun phrase.
5	περὶ	περί	ADP	_	_	8 γῆ	case	high	Preposition governing the article/noun phrase.
6	τὴν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	8 γῆ	det	high	Article with Marpessos phrase.
7	Μάρπησσον	Μάρπησσος	PROPN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 γῆ	nmod	medium	Proper name in prepositional phrase; gender uncertain.
8	γῆ	γῆ	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 αὐχμώδης	nsubj	high	Subject of the copular clause.
9	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	12 αὐχμώδης	cc	high	Coordinates predicates/adjectival complements.
10	δεινῶς	δεινῶς	ADV	_	_	12 αὐχμώδης	advmod	high	Adverb modifying ἐστιν/αὐχμώδης phrase.
11	ἐστιν	εἰμί	AUX	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	12 αὐχμώδης	cop	high	Copula with adjectival predicate.
12	αὐχμώδης	αὐχμώδης	ADJ	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	0 ROOT	root	high	Main predicate adjective of the first clause.
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	12 αὐχμώδης	punct	high	Comma.
14	ὥστε	ὥστε	SCONJ	_	_	12 αὐχμώδης	mark	high	Introduces result clause/infinitival sequence.
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	19 καταδύεσθαί	cc	high	Coordinates infinitives.
16	τῷ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	18 ποταμῷ	det	high	Article with ποταμῷ.
17	Ἀϊδωνεῖ	Ἀϊδωνεύς	PROPN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 ποταμῷ	nmod	medium	Proper name modifying ποταμῷ.
18	ποταμῷ	ποταμός	NOUN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 καταδύεσθαί	obl	high	Dative complement of καταδύεσθαί.
19	καταδύεσθαί	καταδύω	VERB	_	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	14 ὥστε	xcomp	high	Infinitival complement of ὥστε.
20	τε	τε	CCONJ	_	_	19 καταδύεσθαί	cc	high	Enclitic coordinate connector.
21	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	_	_	23 χώραν	case	high	Preposition with χώραν.
22	τὴν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	23 χώραν	det	high	Article with χώραν.
23	χώραν	χώρα	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 καταδύεσθαί	obl	high	Goal of καταδύεσθαί.
24	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	29 πάσχειν	cc	high	Coordinates infinitives.
25	ἀνασχόντι	ἀναφέρω	VERB	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	18 ποταμῷ	advcl	medium	Participle agreeing with ποταμῷ, probably concessive/temporal.
26	τὸ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	27 αὐτὸ	det	high	Article with αὐτὸ.
27	αὐτὸ	αὐτός	PRON	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	29 πάσχειν	obj	high	Object of πάσχειν.
28	αὖθις	αὖθις	ADV	_	_	29 πάσχειν	advmod	high	Adverb modifying πάσχειν.
29	πάσχειν	πάσχω	VERB	_	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	14 ὥστε	xcomp	high	Second infinitival coordinate with καταδύεσθαί.
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	29 πάσχειν	punct	high	Comma.
31	τέλος	τέλος	ADV	_	_	34 ἀφανίζεσθαι	advmod	medium	Likely adverbial 'finally'.
32	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	34 ἀφανίζεσθαι	discourse	high	Discourse particle.
33	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	34 ἀφανίζεσθαι	cc	high	Coordinates with previous infinitives.
34	ἀφανίζεσθαι	ἀφανίζω	VERB	_	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	14 ὥστε	xcomp	high	Third infinitival coordinate in the ὥστε-clause.
35	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	_	_	37 γῆς	case	high	Preposition with genitive.
36	τῆς	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	37 γῆς	det	high	Article with γῆς.
37	γῆς	γῆ	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	34 ἀφανίζεσθαι	obl	high	Complement of κατά.
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	34 ἀφανίζεσθαι	punct	high	Comma.
39	αἴτιον	αἴτιος	ADJ	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	42 ἐστιν	xcomp	medium	Predicate complement with ἐστιν; neuter impersonal usage.
40	ἐμοὶ	ἐγώ	PRON	_	Case=Dat\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|PronType=Prs	41 δοκεῖν	obl	high	Dative with δοκεῖν.
41	δοκεῖν	δοκέω	VERB	_	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	39 αἴτιον	advcl	medium	Infinitive dependent on αἴτιον; idiomatic impersonal frame.
42	ἐστιν	εἰμί	AUX	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main copula introducing explanatory clause.
43	ὅτι	ὅτι	SCONJ	_	_	42 ἐστιν	mark	high	Content clause marker.
44	λεπτή	λεπτός	ADJ	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	50 ἐστὶν	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective with ἐστὶν.
45	τε	τε	CCONJ	_	_	44 λεπτή	cc	high	Connective particle.
46	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	_	_	47 τοῦτο	case	high	Preposition with acc. object.
47	τοῦτο	οὗτος	PRON	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	44 λεπτή	obl	high	Adverbial accusative 'in this respect'.
48	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	49 σηραγγώδης	cc	high	Coordinates adjectives.
49	σηραγγώδης	σηραγγώδης	ADJ	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	44 λεπτή	conj	high	Conjoined predicate adjective.
50	ἐστὶν	εἰμί	AUX	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	44 λεπτή	cop	high	Copula for the final explanatory clause.
51	ἡ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	52 Ἴδη	det	high	Article with Ἴδη.
52	Ἴδη	Ἴδη	PROPN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	44 λεπτή	nsubj	high	Subject of the final copular predication.
53	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	42 ἐστιν	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 3

10.12.4 sentence 3

Tokens: 14
Input: 700
Output: 1,040
Total: 1,740

ἀπέχει δὲ Ἀλεξανδρείας τῆς ἐν τῇ Τρῳάδι τεσσαράκοντα ἡ Μάρπησσος καὶ διακόσια στάδια.

The syntax is elliptical: the distance expression has two coordinated parts, with Μάρπησσος as subject of ἀπέχει and the στάδια phrase as an additional measure.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἀπέχει	ἀπέχω	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite main verb.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	PART	_	1 ἀπέχει	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
3	Ἀλεξανδρείας	Ἀλεξάνδρεια	PROPN	N-APF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 ἀπέχει	obl	high	Genitive of distance/source.
4	τῆς	ὁ	DET	L-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 Τρῳάδι	det	high	Article modifying the relative phrase.
5	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R	_	7 Τρῳάδι	case	high	Preposition.
6	τῇ	ὁ	DET	L-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 Τρῳάδι	det	high	Article modifying Τρῳάδι.
7	Τρῳάδι	Τρῳάς	PROPN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	3 Ἀλεξανδρείας	nmod	high	Dative in prepositional phrase dependent on Ἀλεξανδρείας.
8	τεσσαράκοντα	τεσσαράκοντα	NUM	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	13 στάδια	nummod	high	Quantifier modifying στάδια.
9	ἡ	ὁ	DET	L-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	10 Μάρπησσος	det	high	Article with the proper name.
10	Μάρπησσος	Μάρπησσος	PROPN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 ἀπέχει	nsubj	high	Subject of ἀπέχει.
11	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	13 στάδια	cc	high	Connects coordinated numeral phrase.
12	διακόσια	διακόσιοι	NUM	A-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	13 στάδια	nummod	high	Quantifier modifying στάδια.
13	στάδια	στάδιον	NOUN	N-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	1 ἀπέχει	obj	medium	Distance measure; syntax somewhat elliptical with omitted copula/comparison.
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἀπέχει	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

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