Grammar parses for passage 10.13.1
Open translation for this passage
βίσωνος δὲ ταύρου τῶν Παιονικῶν χαλκοῦ πεποιημένην κεφαλὴν Δρωπίων Λέοντος ἔπεμψεν ἐς Δελφοὺς βασιλεὺς Παιόνων.
The accusative κεφαλήν is the object of ἔπεμψεν; πεποιημένην and its genitives specify a bronze-made head of a Paeonian bison/bull. Δρωπίων Λέοντος is the sender's name with patronymic genitive, while βασιλεὺς Παιόνων is a nominative subject/apposition phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | βίσωνος | βίσων | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 πεποιημένην | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on πεποιημένην/κεφαλήν, specifying the animal; lexical identification as βίσων is somewhat context-dependent. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G-CC | _ | 11 ἔπεμψεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ταύρου | ταῦρος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 βίσωνος | nmod | medium | Genitive in the animal description, coordinated or appositional with βίσωνος. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Παιονικῶν | det | high | |
| 5 | Παιονικῶν | Παιονικός | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ταύρου | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of ταύρου. |
| 6 | χαλκοῦ | χαλκοῦς | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πεποιημένην | obl | medium | Genitive of material, ‘of bronze’, agreeing semantically with the head noun κεφαλήν through the participial phrase. |
| 7 | πεποιημένην | ποιέω | VERB | V-RMP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 8 κεφαλὴν | acl | high | Perfect passive participle agreeing with κεφαλήν. |
| 8 | κεφαλὴν | κεφαλή | NOUN | N-AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἔπεμψεν | obj | high | |
| 9 | Δρωπίων | Δρωπίων | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 βασιλεὺς | appos | medium | Personal name, appositional to the nominative subject βασιλεύς. |
| 10 | Λέοντος | Λέων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Δρωπίων | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive, ‘son of Leon’. |
| 11 | ἔπεμψεν | πέμπω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 13 Δελφοὺς | case | high | Variant/prepositional form of εἰς. |
| 13 | Δελφοὺς | Δελφοί | PROPN | N-AP-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἔπεμψεν | obl | high | |
| 14 | βασιλεὺς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἔπεμψεν | nsubj | high | Nominative subject, with Δρωπίων as appositional personal name. |
| 15 | Παιόνων | Παίων | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 βασιλεὺς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on βασιλεύς, ‘king of the Paeonians’. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔπεμψεν | punct | high |
θηρεύονται δὲ οὗτοι τρόπον τοιόνδε.
Passive θηρεύονται takes οὗτοι as its nominative subject; τρόπον τοιόνδε is an accusative manner expression, with τοιόνδε agreeing with τρόπον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | θηρεύονται | θηρεύω | VERB | V-3PPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 θηρεύονται | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | RD-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 θηρεύονται | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 4 | τρόπον | τρόπος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 θηρεύονται | obl | high | Accusative of manner. |
| 5 | τοιόνδε | τοιόσδε | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 τρόπον | amod | high | |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 θηρεύονται | punct | high |
ἐπειδὰν χωρίον οἱ ἀγρεύοντες πρανὲς εὕρωσι καθῆκον ἐς κοιλότητα, πρῶτα μὲν φράγματι ἰσχυρῷ πέριξ ὠχυρώσαντο, δεύτερον δὲ τὸ κάταντες καὶ τὸ περὶ τῷ πέρατι ὁμαλὸν αὐτοῦ νεοδάρτοις βύρσαις κατεστόρεσαν·
Conditional temporal clause (ἐπειδάν + subjunctive) introduces the hunters’ discovery; the coordinated main predicates are ὠχυρώσαντο and κατεστόρεσαν. The second accusative phrase is coordinated: τὸ κάταντες καὶ τὸ ... ὁμαλόν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπειδὰν | ἐπειδάν | SCONJ | C-- | PronType=Rel | 6 εὕρωσι | mark | high | |
| 2 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | Nb-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 εὕρωσι | obj | high | Subject of εὕρωσι; neuter nominative and accusative are syncretic. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Rd-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 ἀγρεύοντες | det | high | |
| 4 | ἀγρεύοντες | ἀγρεύω | VERB | V--Pnamnp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 εὕρωσι | nsubj | high | Substantivized participle, 'the hunters'. |
| 5 | πρανὲς | πρανής | ADJ | A--s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 χωρίον | amod | high | Predicative/depictive adjective with χωρίον. |
| 6 | εὕρωσι | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V--Sasa-- | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 16 ὠχυρώσαντο | advcl | high | |
| 7 | καθῆκον | καθήκω | VERB | V--Ppna-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 2 χωρίον | acl | medium | Participial modifier of χωρίον; form may also be read adjectivally. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 κοιλότητα | case | high | |
| 9 | κοιλότητα | κοιλότης | NOUN | Nb-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 καθῆκον | obl | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 εὕρωσι | punct | high | |
| 11 | πρῶτα | πρῶτος | ADV | A--s---na- | Degree=Pos | 16 ὠχυρώσαντο | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, 'first'. |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 16 ὠχυρώσαντο | discourse | high | Correlative with δὲ. |
| 13 | φράγματι | φράγμα | NOUN | Nb-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ὠχυρώσαντο | obl | high | Instrumental dative. |
| 14 | ἰσχυρῷ | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | A--s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 φράγματι | amod | high | |
| 15 | πέριξ | πέριξ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 ὠχυρώσαντο | advmod | medium | Adverb/preposition used adverbially here; an object is not overtly expressed. |
| 16 | ὠχυρώσαντο | ὀχυρόω | VERB | V--3pma-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated main predicate. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ὠχυρώσαντο | punct | high | |
| 18 | δεύτερον | δεύτερος | ADV | A--s---na- | Degree=Pos | 31 κατεστόρεσαν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, 'secondly'. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 31 κατεστόρεσαν | cc | high | Coordinates the second main predicate with the first. |
| 20 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Rd-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 κάταντες | det | high | |
| 21 | κάταντες | κάταντες | ADJ | A--s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 κατεστόρεσαν | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, 'the downward slope'. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 ὁμαλὸν | cc | high | Coordinates the two substantivized accusative objects. |
| 23 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Rd-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 ὁμαλὸν | det | high | |
| 24 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 πέρατι | case | high | |
| 25 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Rd-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 πέρατι | det | high | |
| 26 | πέρατι | πέρας | NOUN | Nb-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ὁμαλὸν | obl | high | Dative governed by περί. |
| 27 | ὁμαλὸν | ὁμαλός | ADJ | A--s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 κάταντες | conj | high | Substantivized adjective coordinated with κάταντες; modified by περὶ τῷ πέρατι. |
| 28 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3-s---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 27 ὁμαλὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὁμαλόν, 'of it'. |
| 29 | νεοδάρτοις | νεόδαρτος | ADJ | A--p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 30 βύρσαις | amod | high | |
| 30 | βύρσαις | βύρσα | NOUN | Nb-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 31 κατεστόρεσαν | obl | high | Instrumental dative. |
| 31 | κατεστόρεσαν | καταστορέννυμι | VERB | V--3pma-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 16 ὠχυρώσαντο | conj | high | Second coordinated main predicate. |
| 32 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ὠχυρώσαντο | punct | high |
ἢν δὲ τύχωσιν ἀποροῦντες βυρσῶν, τότε καὶ τὰ αὖα τῶν δερμάτων ὑπὸ ἐλαίου σφίσιν ὀλισθηρὰ ποιεῖται.
Conditional construction: ἢν introduces a subjunctive protasis with τύχωσιν governing the supplementary participle ἀποροῦντες; τὰ αὖα ... ποιεῖται is the apodosis, with σφίσιν as ethical/dative possessor and ὑπὸ ἐλαίου expressing the agent or cause of making slippery.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἢν | ἐάν | SCONJ | C——— | PronType=Rel | 3 τύχωσιν | mark | high | Conditional subordinator with subjunctive. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C——— | _ | 3 τύχωσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τύχωσιν | τυγχάνω | VERB | V3AA 3P | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 17 ποιεῖται | advcl | high | Aorist active subjunctive in the conditional protasis; takes supplementary participle. |
| 4 | ἀποροῦντες | ἀπορέω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 τύχωσιν | xcomp | high | Supplementary present participle with τύχωσιν. |
| 5 | βυρσῶν | βύρσα | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 ἀποροῦντες | obl | high | Genitive dependent on ἀποροῦντες, ‘being in want of hides’. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 τύχωσιν | punct | high | |
| 7 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D——— | PronType=Dem | 17 ποιεῖται | advmod | high | Temporal/correlative adverb marking the apodosis. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D——— | _ | 10 αὖα | advmod | high | Adverbial ‘also/even’. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 αὖα | det | high | |
| 10 | αὖα | αὖος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ποιεῖται | obj | high | Substantivized neuter plural adjective, ‘the dry parts/things’. |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 δερμάτων | det | high | |
| 12 | δερμάτων | δέρμα | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 αὖα | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the dry parts as those of hides. |
| 13 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-G— | Case=Gen | 14 ἐλαίου | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 14 | ἐλαίου | ἔλαιον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ποιεῖται | obl:agent | medium | Genitive object of ὑπό; agent/cause of the making slippery. |
| 15 | σφίσιν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-3DPM | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 17 ποιεῖται | iobj | medium | Third-person plural dative, likely ethical dative or possessor (‘for them/their’); exact antecedent is contextual. |
| 16 | ὀλισθηρὰ | ὀλισθηρός | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ποιεῖται | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective agreeing with neuter plural subject τὰ αὖα. |
| 17 | ποιεῖται | ποιέω | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle voice; subject is the neuter plural τὰ αὖα, with singular verb by common Greek agreement. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ποιεῖται | punct | high |