Grammar parses for passage 10.15.5
Open translation for this passage
ἐγὼ μὲν δὴ τὸ ἔγκλημα ἐς κακούργους τε ἦγον καὶ φῶρας ἀνθρώπους·
The first-person subject ἐγώ is coordinated by μέν ... καί with an elided or contextually supplied counterpart; ἦγον governs τὸ ἔγκλημα as object and the coordinated accusatives κακούργους ... φῶρας ἀνθρώπους as its destination/characterization complement after ἐς. The exact force of ἦγον with ἐς is mildly context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐγὼ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1NS | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 9 ἦγον | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 1 ἐγὼ | discourse | high | Correlative particle; counterpart may be supplied by context. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X | _ | 9 ἦγον | discourse | high | |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἔγκλημα | det | high | |
| 5 | ἔγκλημα | ἔγκλημα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἦγον | obj | high | Neuter nominative/accusative form; accusative object of ἦγον. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 7 κακούργους | case | high | Governs the accusative complement. |
| 7 | κακούργους | κακοῦργος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἦγον | obl | medium | Substantivized adjective, coordinated with φῶρας; ἐς phrase is a destination/characterization complement. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | X | _ | 7 κακούργους | cc | high | Coordinates κακούργους and φῶρας. |
| 9 | ἦγον | ἄγω | VERB | V-IAI-1S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | X | _ | 11 φῶρας | cc | high | Coordinates φῶρας with κακούργους via τε ... καί. |
| 11 | φῶρας | φώρ | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 κακούργους | conj | high | |
| 12 | ἀνθρώπους | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 φῶρας | appos | high | Appositional specification of φῶρας. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἦγον | punct | high |
Κλειτόδημος δέ, ὁπόσοι τὰ Ἀθηναίων ἐπιχώρια ἔγραψαν ὁ ἀρχαιότατος, οὗτος ἐν τῷ λόγῳ φησὶ τῷ Ἀττικῷ, ὅτε Ἀθηναῖοι παρεσκευάζοντο ἐπὶ Σικελίᾳ τὸν στόλον, ὡς ἔθνος τι ἄπειρον κοράκων κατῆρε τότε ἐς Δελφούς, καὶ περιέκοπτόν τε τοῦ ἀγάλματος τούτου καὶ ἀπέρρησσον τοῖς ῥάμφεσιν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ τὸν χρυσόν·
The passage has a resumptive structure: Κλειτόδημος ... ὁ ἀρχαιότατος, οὗτος ... φησί. The ὡς-clause is treated as reported content under φησί, with the temporal ὅτε-clause modifying κατῆρε.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κλειτόδημος | Κλειτόδημος | PROPN | N---NM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 οὗτος | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 οὗτος | cc | high | |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 οὗτος | punct | high | |
| 4 | ὁπόσοι | ὁπόσος | PRON | A---NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἔγραψαν | nsubj | medium | Relative quantifier in an appositional/partitive description of Cleitodemus. |
| 5 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T----NAP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπιχώρια | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπιχώρια | nmod | high | |
| 7 | ἐπιχώρια | ἐπιχώριος | ADJ | A---NAP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἔγραψαν | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of ἔγραψαν. |
| 8 | ἔγραψαν | γράφω | VERB | V----AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 ἀρχαιότατος | acl:relcl | medium | Relative clause modifying ὁ ἀρχαιότατος. |
| 9 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀρχαιότατος | det | high | |
| 10 | ἀρχαιότατος | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A---NSM- | Case=Nom|Degree=Superl|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 οὗτος | appos | medium | Substantivized superlative, appositional to Κλειτόδημος. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 οὗτος | punct | high | |
| 12 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | P---NSM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 16 φησὶ | nsubj | high | Correlative demonstrative resumes Κλειτόδημος. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 λόγῳ | case | high | |
| 14 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 λόγῳ | det | high | |
| 15 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N---DM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 φησὶ | obl | high | |
| 16 | φησὶ | φημί | VERB | V----PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 17 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Ἀττικῷ | det | high | |
| 18 | Ἀττικῷ | Ἀττικός | ADJ | A----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 λόγῳ | amod | high | Agrees with λόγῳ. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 φησὶ | punct | high | |
| 20 | ὅτε | ὅτε | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 παρεσκευάζοντο | mark | high | |
| 21 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A---NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 παρεσκευάζοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 22 | παρεσκευάζοντο | παρασκευάζω | VERB | V----IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 33 κατῆρε | advcl | high | Temporal subordinate clause. |
| 23 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 Σικελίᾳ | case | high | |
| 24 | Σικελίᾳ | Σικελία | PROPN | N---DF-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 παρεσκευάζοντο | obl | high | ἐπί with dative, expressing destination/purpose. |
| 25 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 στόλον | det | high | |
| 26 | στόλον | στόλος | NOUN | N---AM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 παρεσκευάζοντο | obj | high | |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 παρεσκευάζοντο | punct | high | |
| 28 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 33 κατῆρε | mark | medium | Introduces reported content/complement of φησί, with κατῆρε as its finite verb. |
| 29 | ἔθνος | ἔθνος | NOUN | N---NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 33 κατῆρε | nsubj | high | |
| 30 | τι | τις | PRON | P---NSN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 29 ἔθνος | det | high | Indefinite modifier. |
| 31 | ἄπειρον | ἄπειρος | ADJ | A---NSN- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 ἔθνος | amod | high | |
| 32 | κοράκων | κόραξ | NOUN | N---GP-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἔθνος | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the kind of ἔθνος. |
| 33 | κατῆρε | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V----AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 φησὶ | ccomp | medium | Finite verb of the ὡς-reported content; form may reflect intransitive κατέρχομαι. |
| 34 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 33 κατῆρε | advmod | high | |
| 35 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 36 Δελφούς | case | high | |
| 36 | Δελφούς | Δελφοί | PROPN | N---AM-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 κατῆρε | obl | high | |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 κατῆρε | punct | high | |
| 38 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 39 περιέκοπτόν | cc | high | |
| 39 | περιέκοπτόν | περικόπτω | VERB | V----IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 33 κατῆρε | conj | high | Coordinated with ἀπέρρησσον; subject is the crow flock. |
| 40 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 39 περιέκοπτόν | cc | high | |
| 41 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 42 ἀγάλματος | det | high | |
| 42 | ἀγάλματος | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N---GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 39 περιέκοπτόν | obl | high | Genitive with περιέκοπτον, indicating the statue from which material was cut. |
| 43 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | P---GSN-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 42 ἀγάλματος | det | high | Demonstrative modifier of ἀγάλματος. |
| 44 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 45 ἀπέρρησσον | cc | high | |
| 45 | ἀπέρρησσον | ἀπορρήγνυμι | VERB | V----IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 39 περιέκοπτόν | conj | high | Second coordinated imperfect action. |
| 46 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 47 ῥάμφεσιν | det | high | |
| 47 | ῥάμφεσιν | ῥάμφος | NOUN | N---DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 45 ἀπέρρησσον | obl | high | Instrumental dative. |
| 48 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 49 αὐτοῦ | case | high | |
| 49 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P---GSN-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 45 ἀπέρρησσον | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό, referring to the statue. |
| 50 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 51 χρυσόν | det | high | |
| 51 | χρυσόν | χρυσός | NOUN | N---AM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 45 ἀπέρρησσον | obj | high | |
| 52 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 φησὶ | punct | high |
λέγει δὲ καὶ ὡς τὸ δόρυ καὶ τὰς γλαῦκας καὶ ὅσος καρπὸς ἐπὶ τῷ φοίνικι ἐπεποίητο ἐς μίμησιν τῆς ὀπώρας, κατακλάσαιεν καὶ ταῦτα οἱ κόρακες.
λέγει introduces an ὡς-clause; the optative κατακλάσαιεν is an oblique/iterative past potential-style form under λέγει. The relative-like ὅσος καρπός is coordinated with the objects and means ‘as much fruit as’; ἐπεποίητο agrees with καρπός.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγει | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 22 κατακλάσαιεν | ccomp | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγει | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγει | cc | high | |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 κατακλάσαιεν | mark | medium | Introduces content clause; can also be read as conjunction introducing reported circumstances. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 δόρυ | det | high | |
| 6 | δόρυ | δόρυ | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 κατακλάσαιεν | obj | medium | Form is nom./acc. neuter singular; coordinated object of κατακλάσαιεν, with nominative form also compatible with a subject-like reading. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 γλαῦκας | cc | high | |
| 8 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 γλαῦκας | det | high | |
| 9 | γλαῦκας | γλαῦξ | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 κατακλάσαιεν | obj | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 καρπὸς | cc | high | |
| 11 | ὅσος | ὅσος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 καρπὸς | amod | high | Substantivized/relative-like quantifier modifying καρπός. |
| 12 | καρπὸς | καρπός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 κατακλάσαιεν | obj | medium | Coordinated object; nominative form likely reflects constructional attraction or a subject-like constituent for ἐπεποίητο. |
| 13 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 15 φοίνικι | case | high | |
| 14 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 φοίνικι | det | high | |
| 15 | φοίνικι | φοῖνιξ | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐπεποίητο | obl | high | |
| 16 | ἐπεποίητο | ποιέω | VERB | V-LMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Mid | 12 καρπὸς | acl:relcl | medium | Pluperfect middle/passive; agrees formally with καρπός, with implied object/subject relation in the quantified phrase. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 18 μίμησιν | case | high | |
| 18 | μίμησιν | μίμησις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐπεποίητο | obl | high | |
| 19 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ὀπώρας | det | high | |
| 20 | ὀπώρας | ὀπώρα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 μίμησιν | nmod | high | |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 κατακλάσαιεν | punct | high | |
| 22 | κατακλάσαιεν | κατακλάω | VERB | V-AON-3P | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active optative, 3pl; finite predicate of the reported clause. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 ταῦτα | cc | high | |
| 24 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | RD-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 κατακλάσαιεν | obj | high | Resumptive/additional object, ‘these things too’. |
| 25 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 κόρακες | det | high | |
| 26 | κόρακες | κόραξ | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 κατακλάσαιεν | nsubj | high | |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 κατακλάσαιεν | punct | high |