Grammar parses for passage 10.16.2
Open translation for this passage
σχῆμα δὲ τοῦ ὑποθήματος κατὰ πύργον μάλιστα ἐς μύουρον ἀνιόντα ἀπὸ εὐρυτέρου τοῦ κάτω·
Elliptical descriptive syntax: σχῆμα is the nominal head, while ἀνιόντα is a participial modifier with an apparently masculine accusative form, likely reflecting an implied masculine noun or constructional irregularity; the final ἀπὸ phrase expresses ascent from a broader lower part.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | σχῆμα | σχῆμα | NOUN | N--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 σχῆμα | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ὑποθήματος | det | high | |
| 4 | ὑποθήματος | ὑπόθημα | NOUN | N--GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 σχῆμα | nmod | high | Genitive of the subject/object described. |
| 5 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 6 πύργον | case | high | |
| 6 | πύργον | πύργος | NOUN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνιόντα | obl | medium | Accusative after κατά; κατὰ πύργον means tower-like/in the manner of a tower. |
| 7 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D | Degree=Sup | 10 ἀνιόντα | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 9 μύουρον | case | high | |
| 9 | μύουρον | μύουρος | ADJ | A--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνιόντα | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, governed by ἐς. |
| 10 | ἀνιόντα | ἄνειμι | VERB | V-PAPASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 σχῆμα | acl | medium | Participial modifier of the implied masculine referent associated with the structure; agreement is not straightforward with neuter σχῆμα. |
| 11 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 12 εὐρυτέρου | case | high | |
| 12 | εὐρυτέρου | εὐρύς | ADJ | A--GSN | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 κάτω | obl | medium | Comparative adjective substantivized or modifying an elided neuter noun. |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T--GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 κάτω | det | medium | Article with substantivized κάτω; possible article/adjective grouping is elliptical. |
| 14 | κάτω | κάτω | ADV | D | _ | 10 ἀνιόντα | advmod | medium | Adverbial κάτω, with τοῦ εὐρυτέρου understood as a genitive comparison/source phrase. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 σχῆμα | punct | high |
ἑκάστη δὲ πλευρὰ τοῦ ὑποθήματος οὐ διὰ πάσης πέφρακται, ἀλλά εἰσιν αἱ πλάγιαι τοῦ σιδήρου ζῶναι ὥσπερ ἐν κλίμακι οἱ ἀναβασμοί·
The second clause coordinates εἰσιν with the first; πλάγιαι is a substantivized adjective modifying ζῶναι, while ἀναβασμοί is an appositional comparison introduced by ὥσπερ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἑκάστη | ἕκαστος | DET | A-S---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 πλευρὰ | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 3 πλευρὰ | cc | high | |
| 3 | πλευρὰ | πλευρά | NOUN | N-S---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 πέφρακται | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ὑποθήματος | det | high | |
| 5 | ὑποθήματος | ὑπόθημα | NOUN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 πλευρὰ | nmod | high | |
| 6 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 9 πέφρακται | advmod | high | |
| 7 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 πάσης | case | high | |
| 8 | πάσης | πᾶς | ADJ | A-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 πέφρακται | obl | high | Genitive after διά: 'throughout/through all'. |
| 9 | πέφρακται | φράσσω | VERB | V-RPPI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect passive, likely 'is fenced/covered'; form may be textually or lexically uncertain. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 πέφρακται | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἀλλά | ἀλλά | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 12 εἰσιν | cc | high | |
| 12 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | VERB | V- PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 πέφρακται | conj | high | Coordinated clause; accent/form is present indicative of εἰμί. |
| 13 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T-P---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 πλάγιαι | det | high | |
| 14 | πλάγιαι | πλάγιος | ADJ | A-P---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 ζῶναι | amod | medium | Substantivized adjective, agreeing with ζῶναι. |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 σιδήρου | det | high | |
| 16 | σιδήρου | σίδηρος | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 πλάγιαι | nmod | high | |
| 17 | ζῶναι | ζώνη | NOUN | N-P---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | ὥσπερ | ὥσπερ | SCONJ | -------- | _ | 22 ἀναβασμοί | mark | medium | Introduces an illustrative comparison. |
| 19 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 κλίμακι | case | high | |
| 20 | κλίμακι | κλίμαξ | NOUN | N-S---LD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἀναβασμοί | obl | high | |
| 21 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-P---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἀναβασμοί | det | high | |
| 22 | ἀναβασμοί | ἀναβασμός | NOUN | N-P---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ζῶναι | appos | medium | Comparative apposition: the side bands are like the steps of a ladder. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 πέφρακται | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ ἐλάσματα τοῦ σιδήρου τὰ ὀρθὰ ἀνέστραπται κατὰ τὰ ἄκρα ἐς τὸ ἐκτός, καὶ ἕδρα τοῦτο ἦν τῷ κρατῆρι.
The neuter plural subject τὰ ἐλάσματα is construed with singular ἀνέστραπται; τὰ ὀρθά is a predicative/attributive specification of the plates, and τοῦτο refers to the turned-up arrangement as the base of the krater.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἐλάσματα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἀνέστραπται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐλάσματα | ἔλασμα | NOUN | N-----NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἀνέστραπται | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 σιδήρου | det | high | |
| 5 | σιδήρου | σίδηρος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐλάσματα | nmod | high | Material genitive. |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ὀρθὰ | det | high | Agrees with ὀρθά. |
| 7 | ὀρθὰ | ὀρθός | ADJ | A-NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἐλάσματα | amod | medium | Adjectival specification of ἐλάσματα; predicative nuance possible. |
| 8 | ἀνέστραπται | ἀναστρέφω | VERB | V-RMP-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect passive; singular agreement with neuter collective subject or textual construction. |
| 9 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R | _ | 11 ἄκρα | case | high | |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἄκρα | det | high | |
| 11 | ἄκρα | ἄκρον | NOUN | N-NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἀνέστραπται | obl | high | Extent/location along the extremities. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 14 ἐκτός | case | high | |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐκτός | det | high | Substantivizes ἐκτός. |
| 14 | ἐκτός | ἐκτός | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Pos | 8 ἀνέστραπται | obl | medium | Adverb used substantivally with article after εἰς. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀνέστραπται | punct | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 17 | ἕδρα | ἕδρα | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of copula. |
| 18 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | P-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Demonstrative subject/predicative identification; neuter τοῦτο may refer to the preceding arrangement. |
| 19 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 8 ἀνέστραπται | conj | high | Copular clause coordinated with the preceding clause. |
| 20 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 κρατῆρι | det | high | |
| 21 | κρατῆρι | κρατήρ | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἦν | obl | high | Dative of possession/reference: base for the krater. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀνέστραπται | punct | high |