Grammar parses for passage 10.16.1
Open translation for this passage
τῶν δὲ ἀναθημάτων ἃ οἱ βασιλεῖς ἀπέστειλαν οἱ Λυδῶν, οὐδὲν ἔτι ἦν αὐτῶν εἰ μὴ σιδηροῦν μόνον τὸ ὑπόθημα τοῦ Ἀλυάττου κρατῆρος.
The main difficulty is the final exception phrase εἰ μὴ σιδηροῦν μόνον τὸ ὑπόθημα τοῦ Ἀλυάττου κρατῆρος, whose exact internal syntax is elliptical and somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L?? | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 ἀναθημάτων | det | high | Article with ἀναθημάτων. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 ἀναθημάτων | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀναθημάτων | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | N-P---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 οὐδὲν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of οὐδέν. |
| 4 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | P-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 7 ἀπέστειλαν | obj | high | Relative pronoun; antecedent is ἀναθήματα. |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L?? | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 βασιλεῖς | det | high | Article with βασιλεῖς. |
| 6 | βασιλεῖς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀπέστειλαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπέστειλαν. |
| 7 | ἀπέστειλαν | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-3AAI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 ἀναθημάτων | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying ἀναθημάτων. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L?? | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Λυδῶν | det | high | Article with Λυδῶν. |
| 9 | Λυδῶν | Λυδός | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 βασιλεῖς | nmod | medium | Likely partitive/appositional genitive with article: 'the Lydian kings'. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀπέστειλαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 13 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 12 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D--------- | _ | 13 ἦν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἦν. |
| 13 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-3IAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular/existential predicate. |
| 14 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 13 ἦν | obl | medium | Genitive of possession/source with ἦν. |
| 15 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἦν | mark | high | Introduces exception phrase with μὴ. |
| 16 | μὴ | μή | PART | D-------- | _ | 13 ἦν | advmod | medium | Part of fixed exception construction εἰ μὴ. |
| 17 | σιδηροῦν | σιδήρεος | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ὑπόθημα | amod | high | Modifies ὑπόθημα. |
| 18 | μόνον | μόνος | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ὑπόθημα | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of ὑπόθημα; 'only'. |
| 19 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L?? | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 ὑπόθημα | det | high | Article with ὑπόθημα. |
| 20 | ὑπόθημα | ὑπόθημα | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Elliptical predicate nominal in exception phrase; syntax slightly uncertain. |
| 21 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L?? | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 κρατῆρος | det | high | Article with κρατῆρος. |
| 22 | Ἀλυάττου | Ἀλυάττης | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 κρατῆρος | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of κρατῆρος. |
| 23 | κρατῆρος | κρατήρ | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ὑπόθημα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ὑπόθημα. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τοῦτο Γλαύκου μέν ἐστιν ἔργον τοῦ Χίου, σιδήρου κόλλησιν ἀνδρὸς εὑρόντος·
The syntax is straightforward, but the genitive-participle construction εὑρόντος ἀνδρός modifies the accusative κόλλησιν, and the exact attachment of ἔργον as predicative complement is somewhat interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NS-NE | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Likely nominative subject of ἐστιν. |
| 2 | Γλαύκου | Γλαῦκος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἔργον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἔργον, probably possessive or source/genitive of attribution. |
| 3 | μέν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 4 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle correlating with a following δέ implied or omitted. |
| 4 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 5 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-AS-N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement with ἐστιν; alternatively could be treated as predicate nominal. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-SG---MG | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Χίου | det | high | Article modifying Χίου. |
| 7 | Χίου | Χῖος | PROPN | A--S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἔργον | nmod | high | Genitive modifying ἔργον. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | σιδήρου | σίδηρος | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 κόλλησιν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of κόλλησιν. |
| 10 | κόλλησιν | κόλλησις | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 εὑρόντος | obj | medium | Object of εὑρόντος; phrase likely means 'the joining of iron'. |
| 11 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 εὑρόντος | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the participle εὑρόντος. |
| 12 | εὑρόντος | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-AAP-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 κόλλησιν | acl | high | Genitive participle modifying κόλλησιν. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἔλασμα δὲ ἕκαστον τοῦ ὑποθήματος ἐλάσματι ἄλλῳ προσεχὲς οὐ περόναις ἐστὶν ἢ κέντροις, μόνη δὲ ἡ κόλλα συνέχει τε καὶ ἔστιν αὕτη τῷ σιδήρῳ δεσμός.
The clause structure is somewhat compressed and asyndetic; the main difficulty is analyzing the comparative phrase with ἢ and the predicate nominal δεσμός with ἔστιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔλασμα | ἔλασμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 11 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 11 ἐστὶν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ἕκαστον | ἕκαστος | ADJ | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 1 ἔλασμα | amod | medium | Likely adjectival modifier of ἔλασμα; agreement with neuter noun. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 5 ὑποθήματος | det | high | |
| 5 | ὑποθήματος | ὑπόθημα | NOUN | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 1 ἔλασμα | nmod | high | |
| 6 | ἐλάσματι | ἔλασμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 8 προσεχὲς | obl | high | |
| 7 | ἄλλῳ | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 6 ἐλάσματι | amod | high | |
| 8 | προσεχὲς | προσεχής | ADJ | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 11 ἐστὶν | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with εἰμί; syntax of the clause is slightly compressed. |
| 9 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 11 ἐστὶν | advmod | high | |
| 10 | περόναις | περόνη | NOUN | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 11 ἐστὶν | obl | high | |
| 11 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 περόναις | cc | high | Correlative comparison with περόναις. |
| 13 | κέντροις | κέντρον | NOUN | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 10 περόναις | conj | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐστὶν | punct | high | |
| 15 | μόνη | μόνος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 18 κόλλα | amod | high | |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 18 κόλλα | discourse | high | |
| 17 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 18 κόλλα | det | high | |
| 18 | κόλλα | κόλλα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 19 συνέχει | nsubj | high | |
| 19 | συνέχει | συνέχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 20 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 19 συνέχει | discourse | high | |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 22 ἔστιν | cc | high | |
| 22 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 19 συνέχει | conj | high | |
| 23 | αὕτη | αὕτη | PRON | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Dem | 22 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 24 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 25 σιδήρῳ | det | high | |
| 25 | σιδήρῳ | σίδηρος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 22 ἔστιν | obl | high | |
| 26 | δεσμός | δεσμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 22 ἔστιν | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominal with ἔστιν. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 συνέχει | punct | high |