Grammar parses for passage 10.16.1
Open translation for this passage
τῶν δὲ ἀναθημάτων ἃ οἱ βασιλεῖς ἀπέστειλαν οἱ Λυδῶν, οὐδὲν ἔτι ἦν αὐτῶν εἰ μὴ σιδηροῦν μόνον τὸ ὑπόθημα τοῦ Ἀλυάττου κρατῆρος.
The sentence has an elliptical exceptive construction: εἰ μὴ σιδηροῦν μόνον means ‘except only the iron stand/base’; the adjective and focus word are therefore syntactically compressed and their case relation is uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T- GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀναθημάτων | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἦν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀναθημάτων | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Genitive subject with ἦν; also frames the relative clause. |
| 4 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | PR-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἀπέστειλαν | obj | high | |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 βασιλεῖς | det | high | |
| 6 | βασιλεῖς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀπέστειλαν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | ἀπέστειλαν | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 3 ἀναθημάτων | acl:relcl | high | |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Λυδῶν | det | high | |
| 9 | Λυδῶν | Λυδός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 βασιλεῖς | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on βασιλεῖς: the Lydian kings. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 11 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | PR-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἦν | nsubj | high | Negative subject, ‘nothing’. |
| 12 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 13 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 13 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ὑπόθημα | nmod:poss | medium | Partitive/genitive of the dedications. |
| 15 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 σιδηροῦν | mark | high | With μὴ, introducing an exceptive phrase. |
| 16 | μὴ | μή | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 σιδηροῦν | advmod | high | Forms εἰ μὴ ‘except’. |
| 17 | σιδηροῦν | σιδήρεος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ὑπόθημα | amod | medium | Accusative neuter predicative adjective with implied/copular τὸ ὑπόθημα; coordinated with μόνον in the exceptive phrase. |
| 18 | μόνον | μόνος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ὑπόθημα | advmod | medium | Focusing adjective/adverbial ‘only’; agreement is difficult in the compressed exceptive construction. |
| 19 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ὑπόθημα | det | high | |
| 20 | ὑπόθημα | ὑπόθημα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἦν | attr | high | Nominal predicate/complement of ἦν. |
| 21 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 κρατῆρος | det | high | |
| 22 | Ἀλυάττου | Ἀλυάττης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 κρατῆρος | nmod:poss | high | |
| 23 | κρατῆρος | κρατήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ὑπόθημα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὑπόθημα. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἦν | punct | high |
τοῦτο Γλαύκου μέν ἐστιν ἔργον τοῦ Χίου, σιδήρου κόλλησιν ἀνδρὸς εὑρόντος·
The sentence is copular: τοῦτο is ἔργον attributed to Γλαῦκος, with κόλλησιν σιδήρου as an appositional specification and ἀνδρὸς εὑρόντος as a genitive absolute.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PDN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 ἔργον | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | Γλαύκου | Γλαῦκος | PROPN | NE | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἔργον | nmod | high | Genitive of attribution/possession. |
| 3 | μέν | μέν | PART | GP | _ | 4 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; the balancing δέ is outside this sentence. |
| 4 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular predicate. |
| 5 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | attr | high | Predicate nominative with εἰμί. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Χίου | det | high | |
| 7 | Χίου | Χῖος | PROPN | NE | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἔργον | nmod | high | Appositional identification of Glaucus as the Chian. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | σιδήρου | σίδηρος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 κόλλησιν | nmod | high | Material genitive with κόλλησιν. |
| 10 | κόλλησιν | κόλλησις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἔργον | appos | medium | Appositional specification of ἔργον: the work was the invention of iron welding. |
| 11 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 εὑρόντος | nsubj | high | Subject genitive of the participle. |
| 12 | εὑρόντος | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-GSAP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 κόλλησιν | acl | high | Genitive absolute: ἀνδρὸς εὑρόντος, with omitted/implicit reference to Glaucus. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high |
ἔλασμα δὲ ἕκαστον τοῦ ὑποθήματος ἐλάσματι ἄλλῳ προσεχὲς οὐ περόναις ἐστὶν ἢ κέντροις, μόνη δὲ ἡ κόλλα συνέχει τε καὶ ἔστιν αὕτη τῷ σιδήρῳ δεσμός.
The first clause is a copular statement with ἔλασμα as subject and προσεχές as predicate, followed by the main clause κόλλα συνέχει τε καὶ ἔστιν αὕτη ... δεσμός; the instrumental datives περόναις and κέντροις express the means absent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔλασμα | ἔλασμα | NOUN | Noun-Nom/Acc-Neut-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 προσεχὲς | nsubj | medium | Subject of the copular predicate προσεχές; nominative neuter singular. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 1 ἔλασμα | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἕκαστον | ἕκαστος | DET | Adj-Nom/Acc-Neut-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἔλασμα | det | high | agrees with ἔλασμα. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Neut-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ὑποθήματος | det | high | |
| 5 | ὑποθήματος | ὑπόθεμα | NOUN | Noun-Gen-Neut-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἔλασμα | nmod | high | Partitive/associative genitive with ἕκαστον ἔλασμα. |
| 6 | ἐλάσματι | ἔλασμα | NOUN | Noun-Dat-Neut-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 προσεχὲς | obl | medium | Dative complement with προσεχές, ‘adjacent to another plate’. |
| 7 | ἄλλῳ | ἄλλος | DET | Adj-Dat-Neut-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐλάσματι | det | high | |
| 8 | προσεχὲς | προσεχής | ADJ | Adj-Nom-Neut-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστὶν | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective in the first copular clause. |
| 9 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | Adv | Polarity=Neg | 11 ἐστὶν | advmod | high | |
| 10 | περόναις | περόνη | NOUN | Noun-Dat-Fem-Pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ἐστὶν | obl | medium | Instrumental dative, coordinated with κέντροις. |
| 11 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V- Pres-Act-Ind-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 συνέχει | conj | medium | Copula understood with predicate προσεχές; coordinated with συνέχει. |
| 12 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 13 κέντροις | cc | high | |
| 13 | κέντροις | κέντρον | NOUN | Noun-Dat-Neut-Pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 περόναις | conj | high | Coordinated instrumental dative. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 συνέχει | punct | high | |
| 15 | μόνη | μόνος | ADJ | Adj-Nom-Fem-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 κόλλα | amod | high | Agrees with κόλλα. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 19 συνέχει | cc | high | |
| 17 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Fem-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 κόλλα | det | high | |
| 18 | κόλλα | κόλλα | NOUN | Noun-Nom-Fem-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 συνέχει | nsubj | high | Subject of συνέχει. |
| 19 | συνέχει | συνέχω | VERB | V-Pres-Act-Ind-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate; ‘holds together’. |
| 20 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 19 συνέχει | cc | high | Links συνέχει and ἔστιν. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 22 ἔστιν | cc | high | |
| 22 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-Pres-Act-Ind-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 συνέχει | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate, with δεσμός as predicate nominative. |
| 23 | αὕτη | οὗτος | PRON | Dem-Pron-Nom-Fem-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 22 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔστιν; refers to κόλλα. |
| 24 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Art-Dat-Masc-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 σιδήρῳ | det | high | |
| 25 | σιδήρῳ | σίδηρος | NOUN | Noun-Dat-Masc-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 δεσμός | obl | high | Dative of relation with δεσμός, ‘a bond for/to the iron’. |
| 26 | δεσμός | δεσμός | NOUN | Noun-Nom-Masc-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἔστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative of ἔστιν. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 συνέχει | punct | high |