Grammar parses for passage 10.17.10
Open translation for this passage
τῆς δὲ νήσου τὰ πρὸς τῆς ἄρκτου καὶ ἠπείρου τῆς κατὰ Ἰταλίαν ἐστὶν ὄρη δύσβατα τὰ πέρατα συνάπτοντα ἀλλήλοις·
Existential/copular ἐστίν has postposed subject ὄρη, with τὰ πέρατα as a second nominative predicative/appositional phrase; τὰ πρὸς τῆς ἄρκτου καὶ ἠπείρου... is the topical/locative subject phrase, and συνάπτοντα agrees with πέρατα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | R-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 νήσου | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἐστὶν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | νήσου | νῆσος | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐστὶν | nmod | high | |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | R-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 πέρατα | det | medium | Article substantivizes/introduces the neuter phrase τὰ ... πέρατα. |
| 5 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | _ | 7 ἄρκτου | case | high | |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | R-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἄρκτου | det | high | |
| 7 | ἄρκτου | ἄρκτος | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 τὰ | nmod | high | With πρός: northern side/direction. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἠπείρου | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἠπείρου | ἤπειρος | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 τὰ | nmod | high | Coordinated genitive with ἄρκτου under πρός. |
| 10 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | R-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἠπείρου | det | high | |
| 11 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 12 Ἰταλίαν | case | high | |
| 12 | Ἰταλίαν | Ἰταλία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἠπείρου | nmod | high | κατὰ Ἰταλίαν specifies the mainland. |
| 13 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular predicate. |
| 14 | ὄρη | ὄρος | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Postposed nominative subject. |
| 15 | δύσβατα | δύσβατος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ὄρη | amod | high | |
| 16 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | R-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 πέρατα | det | high | Article with the predicative/appositional neuter plural πέρατα. |
| 17 | πέρατα | πέρας | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἐστὶν | xcomp | medium | Second nominative phrase, predicative or appositional to ὄρη. |
| 18 | συνάπτοντα | συνάπτω | VERB | V-PAP-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 17 πέρατα | acl | high | Participial modifier of πέρατα. |
| 19 | ἀλλήλοις | ἀλλήλων | PRON | P-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 συνάπτοντα | obl | high | Dative with συνάπτοντα: joining one another. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
καὶ ἢν παραπλέῃς, ναυσὶν οὔ τε ὅρμους παρέχεται κατὰ τοῦτο ἡ νῆσος πνεύματά τε ἄτακτα καὶ ἰσχυρὰ αἱ ἄκραι τῶν ὀρῶν καταπέμπουσιν ἐς τὴν θάλασσαν.
The sentence has an elliptical/awkward coordination: ἡ νῆσος παρέχεται ὅρμους is construed as 'the island offers anchorages', while its subject also governs καταπέμπουσιν with postposed αἱ ἄκραι τῶν ὀρῶν; ἢν introduces a conditional clause, and οὔ τε ... τε coordinates the negative anchorage statement with the following wind description.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 παρέχεται | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἢν | ἐάν | SCONJ | CONJ | PronType=Int | 3 παραπλέῃς | mark | high | Conditional conjunction with subjunctive. |
| 3 | παραπλέῃς | παραπλέω | VERB | V-2SPなし | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 παρέχεται | advcl | high | |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 3 παραπλέῃς | punct | high | |
| 5 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 παρέχεται | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/beneficiary: 'for ships'. |
| 6 | οὔ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 9 παρέχεται | advmod | high | |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 οὔ | cc | medium | First member of οὔ τε ... τε coordination. |
| 8 | ὅρμους | ὅρμος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 παρέχεται | obj | high | |
| 9 | παρέχεται | παρέχω | VERB | V-3SPI-M | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Middle voice construed as 'provides/offers'; syntactic coordination with following καταπέμπουσιν is irregular. |
| 10 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 11 τοῦτο | case | high | |
| 11 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | D-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 9 παρέχεται | obl | high | κατὰ τοῦτο, 'on this account/in this respect'. |
| 12 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 νῆσος | det | high | |
| 13 | νῆσος | νῆσος | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 παρέχεται | nsubj | medium | Subject of παρέχεται; the later plural verb creates anacoluthic or coordinated structure. |
| 14 | πνεύματά | πνεῦμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 καταπέμπουσιν | obj | high | |
| 15 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 πνεύματά | cc | high | Coordinates πνεύματα with ἄτακτα καὶ ἰσχυρά as part of the object phrase. |
| 16 | ἄτακτα | ἄτακτος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 πνεύματά | amod | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἰσχυρὰ | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἰσχυρὰ | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 πνεύματά | amod | high | |
| 19 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 ἄκραι | det | high | |
| 20 | ἄκραι | ἄκρα | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 καταπέμπουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 ὀρῶν | det | high | |
| 22 | ὀρῶν | ὄρος | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ἄκραι | nmod | high | |
| 23 | καταπέμπουσιν | καταπέμπω | VERB | V-3PPI-A | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 παρέχεται | conj | medium | Coordinated with παρέχεται despite the intervening singular subject ἡ νῆσος; semantic subject is αἱ ἄκραι. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 26 θάλασσαν | case | high | |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 θάλασσαν | det | high | |
| 26 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 καταπέμπουσιν | obl | high | Goal/direction with ἐς. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 9 παρέχεται | punct | high |