Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 10.17.11

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Passage 10.17.11

Open translation for this passage

4sentences parsed

112Greek tokens

3,351input tokens

7,798output tokens

Sentence 1

10.17.11 sentence 1

Tokens: 10
Input: 645
Output: 768
Total: 1,413

ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλα διὰ μέσης αὐτῆς ὄρη χθαμαλώτερα.

Existential ἔστι with postposed subject ὄρη; διὰ μέσης αὐτῆς is a prepositional phrase, and χθαμαλώτερα predicates or modifies ὄρη elliptically.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἔστι	εἰμί	VERB	V3SPIA	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Existential verb.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G	_	1 ἔστι	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	καὶ	καί	ADV	D	_	4 ἄλλα	advmod	high	Additive particle modifying ἄλλα.
4	ἄλλα	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-P---NA-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	8 ὄρη	amod	medium	Neuter plural nominative; substantivized or attributive with ὄρη.
5	διὰ	διά	ADP	R	_	6 μέσης	case	high	Preposition governing genitive.
6	μέσης	μέσος	ADJ	A-S---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 αὐτῆς	amod	high	Feminine genitive agreeing with αὐτῆς.
7	αὐτῆς	αὐτός	PRON	P-S---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	8 ὄρη	obl	high	Object of διά; refers to the previously mentioned entity.
8	ὄρη	ὄρος	NOUN	N-P---NA-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	1 ἔστι	nsubj	high	Postposed existential subject.
9	χθαμαλώτερα	χθαμαλός	ADJ	A-N---NA-	Case=Nom\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	8 ὄρη	amod	medium	Comparative adjective; attributive or secondary-predicate relation to ὄρη.
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἔστι	punct	high

Sentence 2

10.17.11 sentence 2

Tokens: 28
Input: 821
Output: 2,018
Total: 2,839

ὁ δὲ ἀὴρ ὁ ἐνταῦθα θολερός τε ὡς ἐπίπαν ἐστὶ καὶ νοσώδης· αἴτιοι δὲ οἵ τε ἅλες οἱ πηγνύμενοι καὶ ὁ νότος βαρὺς καὶ βίαιος ἐγκείμενος,

The first clause has a copular predicate θολερός ... νοσώδης with ὁ ἐνταῦθα attributive to ἀήρ; the second clause is an elliptical copular identification, αἴτιοι [εἰσίν], with οἵ τε ... καὶ ὁ νότος as coordinated subjects. The participle ἐγκείμενος modifies νότος; οἱ πηγνύμενοι modifies ἅλες.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	3 ἀὴρ	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C-	_	3 ἀὴρ	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἀὴρ	ἀήρ	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 ἐστὶ	nsubj	high
4	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 ἐνταῦθα	det	high
5	ἐνταῦθα	ἐνταῦθα	ADV	ADV	_	6 θολερός	advmod	high
6	θολερός	θολερός	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 ἐστὶ	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective.
7	τε	τε	CCONJ	C-	_	6 θολερός	cc	high	Correlates with καί at token 11.
8	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	ADV	_	9 ἐπίπαν	case	medium	Part of the idiom ὡς ἐπίπαν, ‘generally/as a rule’.
9	ἐπίπαν	ἐπίπαν	ADV	ADV	_	6 θολερός	advmod	high	With ὡς, modifies θολερός.
10	ἐστὶ	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Copula.
11	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-	_	12 νοσώδης	cc	high	Coordinates νοσώδης with θολερός.
12	νοσώδης	νοσώδης	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 ἐστὶ	xcomp	high	Second predicate adjective.
13	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	10 ἐστὶ	punct	high
14	αἴτιοι	αἴτιος	ADJ	A-NPM	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	0 ROOT	root	medium	Elliptical predicate ‘[are] responsible’; sentence continues after punctuation.
15	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C-	_	14 αἴτιοι	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
16	οἵ	ὅς	PRON	P-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rel	18 ἅλες	det	medium	Article-like relative form, functioning with τε ... καί as the first coordinated subject.
17	τε	τε	CCONJ	C-	_	16 οἵ	cc	high	First member of τε ... καί.
18	ἅλες	ἅλς	NOUN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 αἴτιοι	nsubj	high	Plural ‘salts’.
19	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	20 πηγνύμενοι	det	high
20	πηγνύμενοι	πήγνυμι	VERB	V-PPM-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	18 ἅλες	acl	high	Attributive participle, ‘solidifying/freezing’.
21	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-	_	23 νότος	cc	high	Coordinates the second subject.
22	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	23 νότος	det	high
23	νότος	νότος	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 αἴτιοι	nsubj	high
24	βαρὺς	βαρύς	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 νότος	amod	high	Coordinated adjective with βίαιος.
25	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-	_	26 βίαιος	cc	high
26	βίαιος	βίαιος	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 νότος	conj	high	Coordinated adjective modifying νότος.
27	ἐγκείμενος	ἔγκειμαι	VERB	V-PPM-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	23 νότος	acl	high	Attributive participle modifying νότος; middle/passive form of ἔγκειμαι.
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	14 αἴτιοι	punct	high

Sentence 3

10.17.11 sentence 3

Tokens: 30
Input: 867
Output: 1,969
Total: 2,836

οἱ ἄνεμοί τε οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς ἄρκτου διὰ τὸ ὑψηλὸν τῶν ὀρῶν τῶν πρὸς τῆς Ἰταλίας κωλύονται πνέοντες θέρους ὥρᾳ τόν τε ἀέρα τὸν ταύτῃ καὶ τὴν γῆν ἀναψύχειν.

κωλύονται takes a supplementary participle πνέοντες and a coordinated infinitive ἀναψύχειν; the winds are prevented from blowing and cooling the air and land.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οἱ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	2 ἄνεμοί	det	high
2	ἄνεμοί	ἄνεμος	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 κωλύονται	nsubj:pass	high
3	τε	τε	CCONJ	_	_	2 ἄνεμοί	cc	high
4	οἱ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 πνέοντες	det	high	Article with substantivized participial modifier.
5	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	_	_	7 ἄρκτου	case	high
6	τῆς	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 ἄρκτου	det	high
7	ἄρκτου	ἄρκτος	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 πνέοντες	obl	high	Source/directional phrase.
8	διὰ	διά	ADP	_	_	10 ὑψηλὸν	case	high
9	τὸ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 ὑψηλὸν	det	high
10	ὑψηλὸν	ὑψηλός	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	17 κωλύονται	obl	high	Substantivized neuter adjective, governed by διά.
11	τῶν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	12 ὀρῶν	det	high
12	ὀρῶν	ὄρος	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	10 ὑψηλὸν	nmod	high
13	τῶν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	16 Ἰταλίας	det	medium	Article in the attributive geographic phrase.
14	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	_	_	16 Ἰταλίας	case	high
15	τῆς	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 Ἰταλίας	det	high
16	Ἰταλίας	Ἰταλία	PROPN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 ὀρῶν	nmod	medium	Geographic phrase likely modifies the mountains; τῶν is treated as its article.
17	κωλύονται	κωλύω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	high
18	πνέοντες	πνέω	VERB	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	17 κωλύονται	xcomp	medium	Supplementary participle with passive κωλύονται.
19	θέρους	θέρος	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 ὥρᾳ	nmod	high	Temporal genitive.
20	ὥρᾳ	ὥρα	NOUN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 πνέοντες	obl	high	Dative of time.
21	τόν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 ἀέρα	det	high
22	τε	τε	CCONJ	_	_	23 ἀέρα	cc	high
23	ἀέρα	ἀήρ	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	29 ἀναψύχειν	obj	high
24	τὸν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 ταύτῃ	det	high
25	ταύτῃ	οὗτος	PRON	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 ἀέρα	nmod	medium	Dative adverbial/local demonstrative, ‘there/in that region’; syntactically attached to ἀέρα.
26	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	28 γῆν	cc	high
27	τὴν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	28 γῆν	det	high
28	γῆν	γῆ	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 ἀναψύχειν	obj	high
29	ἀναψύχειν	ἀναψύχω	VERB	_	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	18 πνέοντες	xcomp	high	Infinitive coordinated semantically with πνέοντες under κωλύονται.
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	17 κωλύονται	punct	high

Sentence 4

10.17.11 sentence 4

Tokens: 44
Input: 1,018
Output: 3,043
Total: 4,061

οἱ δὲ τὴν Κύρνον σταδίους φασὶν οὐ πλέονας ἀπὸ τῆς Σαρδοῦς ἢ ὀκτὼ τῇ θαλάσσῃ διείργεσθαι, ὀρεινήν τε οὖσαν καὶ ἐς ὕψος διὰ πάσης ἀνήκουσαν· τὸν Ζέφυρον οὖν καὶ Βορέαν ὑπὸ τῆς Κύρνου κωλύεσθαι νομίζουσι μὴ καὶ ἄχρι τῆς Σαρδοῦς ἐξικνεῖσθαι.

The first infinitival clause reports the island's separation from Sardō; the second reports the winds being prevented by Cyrnus from reaching Sardō. The coordinated participles describe Cyrnus.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οἱ	ὁ	DET	article-nom-masc-pl	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 φασὶν	nsubj	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	conj	_	6 φασὶν	cc	high
3	τὴν	ὁ	DET	article-acc-fem-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 Κύρνον	det	high
4	Κύρνον	Κύρνος	PROPN	propn-acc-fem-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 διείργεσθαι	nsubj:pass	high	Island name, feminine.
5	σταδίους	στάδιον	NOUN	noun-acc-masc-pl	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 πλέονας	obj	medium	Accusative of extent with πλέονας.
6	φασὶν	φημί	VERB	verb-pres-act-ind-3pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
7	οὐ	οὐ	PART	part-neg	Polarity=Neg	8 πλέονας	advmod	high
8	πλέονας	πολύς	ADJ	adj-comp-acc-masc-pl	Case=Acc\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 διείργεσθαι	advmod	medium	Comparative quantifier modifying σταδίους in an extent expression.
9	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	prep-gen	_	11 Σαρδοῦς	case	high
10	τῆς	ὁ	DET	article-gen-fem-sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 Σαρδοῦς	det	high
11	Σαρδοῦς	Σαρδώ	PROPN	propn-gen-fem-sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 διείργεσθαι	obl	high	Place name governed by ἀπό.
12	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	conj	_	13 ὀκτὼ	cc	high	Introduces the numeral in the comparative phrase.
13	ὀκτὼ	ὀκτώ	NUM	num-acc	Case=Acc	8 πλέονας	conj	medium	Numeral in comparative construction.
14	τῇ	ὁ	DET	article-dat-fem-sg	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 θαλάσσῃ	det	high
15	θαλάσσῃ	θάλασσα	NOUN	noun-dat-fem-sg	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 διείργεσθαι	obl	high	Dative of means or sphere with διείργεσθαι.
16	διείργεσθαι	διέργω	VERB	verb-pres-midinf	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	6 φασὶν	ccomp	high	Infinitive governed by φασίν.
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	16 διείργεσθαι	punct	high
18	ὀρεινήν	ὀρεινός	ADJ	adj-acc-fem-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	20 οὖσαν	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective with οὖσαν; refers to Κύρνον.
19	τε	τε	CCONJ	conj	_	18 ὀρεινήν	cc	high
20	οὖσαν	εἰμί	AUX	verb-pres-act-ptcp-acc-fem-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	16 διείργεσθαι	advcl	high	Supplementary participle referring to Κύρνον.
21	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	conj	_	26 ἀνήκουσαν	cc	high
22	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	prep-acc	_	23 ὕψος	case	high
23	ὕψος	ὕψος	NOUN	noun-acc-neut-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	26 ἀνήκουσαν	obl	high	Extent with ἀνήκουσαν.
24	διὰ	διά	ADP	prep-gen	_	25 πάσης	case	high
25	πάσης	πᾶς	DET	det-gen-fem-sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	26 ἀνήκουσαν	obl	medium	Determiner functioning substantivally with omitted χώρα/extent noun.
26	ἀνήκουσαν	ἀνήκω	VERB	verb-pres-act-ptcp-acc-fem-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	20 οὖσαν	conj	high	Coordinated supplementary participle, agreeing with Κύρνον.
27	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	6 φασὶν	punct	high
28	τὸν	ὁ	DET	article-acc-masc-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	29 Ζέφυρον	det	high
29	Ζέφυρον	Ζέφυρος	PROPN	propn-acc-masc-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	36 κωλύεσθαι	nsubj:pass	high	Personified wind name.
30	οὖν	οὖν	ADV	adv	_	37 νομίζουσι	advmod	high
31	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	conj	_	32 Βορέαν	cc	high
32	Βορέαν	Βορέας	PROPN	propn-acc-masc-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	29 Ζέφυρον	conj	high	Personified wind name coordinated with Ζέφυρον.
33	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	prep-gen	_	35 Κύρνου	case	high
34	τῆς	ὁ	DET	article-gen-fem-sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	35 Κύρνου	det	high
35	Κύρνου	Κύρνος	PROPN	propn-gen-fem-sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	36 κωλύεσθαι	obl:agent	high
36	κωλύεσθαι	κωλύω	VERB	verb-pres-midinf	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	37 νομίζουσι	xcomp	high	Infinitive governed by νομίζουσι; Ζέφυρον καὶ Βορέαν are passive subjects.
37	νομίζουσι	νομίζω	VERB	verb-pres-act-ind-3pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	6 φασὶν	conj	high	Coordinated finite verb after the semicolon.
38	μὴ	μή	PART	part-neg	Polarity=Neg	43 ἐξικνεῖσθαι	advmod	high	Negates the complementary infinitive.
39	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	conj	_	43 ἐξικνεῖσθαι	advmod	medium	Adverbial καί, ‘also/even’.
40	ἄχρι	ἄχρι	ADP	prep-gen	_	42 Σαρδοῦς	case	high
41	τῆς	ὁ	DET	article-gen-fem-sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	42 Σαρδοῦς	det	high
42	Σαρδοῦς	Σαρδώ	PROPN	propn-gen-fem-sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	43 ἐξικνεῖσθαι	obl	high	Endpoint governed by ἄχρι.
43	ἐξικνεῖσθαι	ἐξικνέομαι	VERB	verb-pres-midinf	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	36 κωλύεσθαι	ccomp	high	Complementary infinitive under κωλύεσθαι: be prevented from reaching Sardō.
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	37 νομίζουσι	punct	high

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