Grammar parses for passage 10.17.9
Open translation for this passage
Καρχηδόνιοι δὲ ὅτε ναυτικῷ μάλιστα ἴσχυσαν, κατεστρέψαντο μὲν καὶ ἅπαντας τοὺς ἐν τῇ Σαρδοῖ πλὴν Ἰλιέων τε καὶ Κορσῶν---τούτοις δὲ μὴ ἐς δουλείαν ὑπαχθῆναι τὸ ἐχυρὸν ἤρκεσε τῶν ὀρῶν---, ᾤκισαν δὲ ἐν τῇ νήσῳ καὶ αὐτοὶ πόλιν οἱ Καρχηδόνιοι Κάραλίν τε καὶ Σύλκους.
The sentence has a μέν...δέ structure: Καρχηδόνιοι are the subject of the coordinated predicates κατεστρέψαντο and ᾤκισαν; the intervening ἤρκεσε clause is parenthetical/paratactic and explains why the Ilians and Corsicans escaped enslavement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Καρχηδόνιοι | Καρχηδόνιος | PROPN | Nb.Nom.Pl.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 κατεστρέψαντο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Cjco | _ | 8 κατεστρέψαντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὅτε | ὅτε | SCONJ | AdvRel | _ | 6 ἴσχυσαν | mark | high | |
| 4 | ναυτικῷ | ναυτικός | ADJ | Ajoi.Sg.Neut | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἴσχυσαν | obl | medium | Substantivized dative: in naval power / with a fleet. |
| 5 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | Dg | Degree=Sup | 6 ἴσχυσαν | advmod | high | |
| 6 | ἴσχυσαν | ἰσχύω | VERB | Vpaaia3p | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 κατεστρέψαντο | advcl | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 κατεστρέψαντο | punct | high | |
| 8 | κατεστρέψαντο | καταστρέφω | VERB | Vpmai3p | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Prt | _ | 8 κατεστρέψαντο | discourse | high | Correlative with δὲ at token 40. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cjco | _ | 11 ἅπαντας | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἅπαντας | ἅπας | ADJ | A-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 κατεστρέψαντο | obj | high | |
| 12 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S--Pma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐν | det | high | |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 15 Σαρδοῖ | case | high | |
| 14 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | S--Sfd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 Σαρδοῖ | det | high | |
| 15 | Σαρδοῖ | Σαρδώ | PROPN | Nb.Dat.Sg.Fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἅπαντας | nmod | high | |
| 16 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | R | _ | 17 Ἰλιέων | case | high | |
| 17 | Ἰλιέων | Ἰλιεύς | PROPN | Nb.Gen.Pl.Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἅπαντας | nmod | high | Object of exception phrase with πλήν; coordinated with token 20. |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Cjco | _ | 17 Ἰλιέων | cc | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cjco | _ | 20 Κορσῶν | cc | high | |
| 20 | Κορσῶν | Κορσός | PROPN | Nb.Gen.Pl.Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 Ἰλιέων | conj | high | |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 τούτοις | punct | high | Em dash. |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 τούτοις | punct | high | Em dash. |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 τούτοις | punct | high | Em dash. |
| 24 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | Pd.D与.Pl.Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ὑπαχθῆναι | iobj | high | |
| 25 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Cjco | _ | 32 ἤρκεσε | cc | high | |
| 26 | μὴ | μή | PART | Neg | Polarity=Neg | 29 ὑπαχθῆναι | advmod | high | |
| 27 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 28 δουλείαν | case | high | |
| 28 | δουλείαν | δουλεία | NOUN | Nb.Acv.Sg.Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ὑπαχθῆναι | obl | high | |
| 29 | ὑπαχθῆναι | ὑπάγω | VERB | Vpan | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 32 ἤρκεσε | csubj | high | Infinitival subject of ἤρκεσε. |
| 30 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S--Sna- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 ἐχυρὸν | det | high | |
| 31 | ἐχυρὸν | ἐχυρός | ADJ | A-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 ἤρκεσε | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the strong/defensible character’. |
| 32 | ἤρκεσε | ἀρκέω | VERB | Vpaaia3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 κατεστρέψαντο | parataxis | high | |
| 33 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S--Png- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 34 ὀρῶν | det | high | |
| 34 | ὀρῶν | ὄρος | NOUN | Nb.Gen.Pl.Neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 31 ἐχυρὸν | nmod | high | |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἤρκεσε | punct | high | Em dash. |
| 36 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἤρκεσε | punct | high | Em dash. |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἤρκεσε | punct | high | Em dash. |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 39 ᾤκισαν | punct | high | |
| 39 | ᾤκισαν | οἰκίζω | VERB | Vpaaia3p | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 κατεστρέψαντο | conj | high | Second μέν...δέ coordinated predicate. |
| 40 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Cjco | _ | 39 ᾤκισαν | cc | high | |
| 41 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 43 νήσῳ | case | high | |
| 42 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | S--Sfd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 43 νήσῳ | det | high | |
| 43 | νήσῳ | νῆσος | NOUN | Nb.Dat.Sg.Fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 ᾤκισαν | obl | high | |
| 44 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cjco | _ | 45 αὐτοὶ | cc | high | |
| 45 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | Pp.Nom.Pl.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 39 ᾤκισαν | nsubj | high | Intensive pronoun: they themselves. |
| 46 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | Nb.Acc.Sg.Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 ᾤκισαν | obj | high | |
| 47 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S--Pnm- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 48 Καρχηδόνιοι | det | high | |
| 48 | Καρχηδόνιοι | Καρχηδόνιος | PROPN | Nb.Nom.Pl.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 39 ᾤκισαν | nsubj | high | |
| 49 | Κάραλίν | Κάραλις | PROPN | Nb.Acc.Sg.Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 46 πόλιν | appos | high | Coordinated place-name apposition to πόλιν. |
| 50 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Cjco | _ | 49 Κάραλίν | cc | high | |
| 51 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cjco | _ | 52 Σύλκους | cc | high | |
| 52 | Σύλκους | Σύλκοι | PROPN | Nb.Acc.Pl.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 49 Κάραλίν | conj | medium | Form is treated as accusative plural of the place-name; exact lexical inflection is uncertain. |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 κατεστρέψαντο | punct | high |
Βαλαροὶ τὸ ὄνομά ἐστιν αὐτοῖς κατὰ γλῶσσαν τὴν Κυρνίων·
The sentence means ‘Balaroi is their name according to the language of the Cyrnians’; Βαλαροὶ is a nominative predicate/name expression with an elliptical or impersonal εἰμί construction, while τὸ ὄνομα is the subject and αὐτοῖς the dative of possession/reference. κατὰ γλῶσσαν governs the genitive Κυρνίων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Βαλαροὶ | Βαλαρός | PROPN | N--pm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Plural nominative ethnic/name form; predicative naming expression. |
| 2 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S--na | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ὄνομά | det | high | |
| 3 | ὄνομά | ὄνομα | NOUN | N--na | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν; final -α bears accentuation before enclitic. |
| 4 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V--spia3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/identity verb; singular agreement follows τὸ ὄνομα. |
| 5 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P--mdp | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐστιν | iobj | high | Dative of possession or reference: ‘their name’. |
| 6 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R | _ | 7 γλῶσσαν | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative. |
| 7 | γλῶσσαν | γλῶσσα | NOUN | N--fa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | obl | high | Accusative object of κατά in the phrase ‘according to the language’. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S--fa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 γλῶσσαν | det | high | |
| 9 | Κυρνίων | Κύρνιος | PROPN | N--pm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 γλῶσσαν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on γλῶσσαν: ‘of the Cyrnians’. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high |