Grammar parses for passage 10.17.13
Open translation for this passage
πλὴν δὲ ἢ βοτάνης μιᾶς καθαρεύει καὶ ἀπὸ φαρμάκων ἡ νῆσος ὅσα ἐργάζεται θάνατον·
The sentence has an elliptical contrastive construction: πλὴν ... ἢ βοτάνης μιᾶς means that, except for one herb, the island is free of whatever it produces that causes death; ὅσα is a neuter plural relative accusative functioning as the object of ἐργάζεται, with θάνατον as its result/object complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | ADV/PREP | _ | 6 καθαρεύει | advmod | medium | Concessive/exclusive particle or preposition; analyzed here as an adverbial modifier of καθαρεύει. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | PART | _ | 6 καθαρεύει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 βοτάνης | cc | high | Coordinates the exception phrase. |
| 4 | βοτάνης | βοτάνη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 καθαρεύει | obl | medium | Genitive in the exception construction after πλὴν, with omitted/elliptical governing relation. |
| 5 | μιᾶς | εἷς | NUM | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 βοτάνης | amod | high | Feminine genitive singular numeral modifying βοτάνης. |
| 6 | καθαρεύει | καθαρεύω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 φαρμάκων | cc | high | Coordinates the two ἀπό-phrases. |
| 8 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 φαρμάκων | case | high | Preposition governing φαρμάκων. |
| 9 | φαρμάκων | φάρμακον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 καθαρεύει | obl | high | Second source/separation complement of καθαρεύει, coordinated with the elliptical βοτάνης phrase. |
| 10 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 νῆσος | det | high | Article modifying νῆσος. |
| 11 | νῆσος | νῆσος | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 καθαρεύει | nsubj | high | Subject of καθαρεύει. |
| 12 | ὅσα | ὅσος | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἐργάζεται | obj | medium | Neuter plural relative form, likely the object of ἐργάζεται; its antecedent is implicit/semantically generic. |
| 13 | ἐργάζεται | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 9 φαρμάκων | acl:relcl | medium | Relative-clause predicate modifying the understood contents/substances associated with φαρμάκων; singular subject is implicit. |
| 14 | θάνατον | θάνατος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐργάζεται | obj | medium | Accusative result/object of ἐργάζεται, ‘produces death’; exact semantic relation is somewhat elliptical. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 6 καθαρεύει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἡ πόα δὲ ἡ ὀλέθριος σελίνῳ μέν ἐστιν ἐμφερής, τοῖς φαγοῦσι δὲ γελῶσιν ἐπιγίνεσθαι τὴν τελευτὴν λέγουσιν.
The sentence has a copular first clause; τοῖς φαγοῦσιν is a dative substantival participle, and γελῶσιν is best read as a dative participle agreeing with it, with ἐπιγίνεσθαι as the infinitive complement of λέγουσιν and τὴν τελευτήν as its subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 πόα | det | high | |
| 2 | πόα | πόα | NOUN | N------NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐμφερής | nsubj | high | |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἐμφερής | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ὀλέθριος | det | high | |
| 5 | ὀλέθριος | ὀλέθριος | ADJ | A-----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 πόα | amod | high | Feminine form despite identical masculine nominative form. |
| 6 | σελίνῳ | σέλινον | NOUN | N-----DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐμφερής | obl | high | Dative of comparison/reference with ἐμφερής. |
| 7 | μέν | μέν | PART | D-------- | _ | 9 ἐμφερής | discourse | high | |
| 8 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἐμφερής | cop | high | |
| 9 | ἐμφερής | ἐμφερής | ADJ | A-----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate adjective. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐμφερής | punct | high | |
| 11 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 φαγοῦσι | det | high | Substantivizes the participle. |
| 12 | φαγοῦσι | ἐσθίω | VERB | V-AAP-DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἐπιγίνεσθαι | obl | high | Substantival dative participle, 'for those who eat it'. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 λέγουσιν | cc | high | |
| 14 | γελῶσιν | γελάω | VERB | V-PAP-DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 φαγοῦσι | conj | medium | Read as a dative present participle agreeing with τοῖς φαγοῦσι; form can be ambiguous without accents/context. |
| 15 | ἐπιγίνεσθαι | ἐπιγίγνομαι | VERB | V-PMN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 18 λέγουσιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by λέγουσιν. |
| 16 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 τελευτὴν | det | high | |
| 17 | τελευτὴν | τελευτή | NOUN | N-----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἐπιγίνεσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 18 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V3PPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἐμφερής | parataxis | high | Impersonal/general reporting verb; subject is understood. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐμφερής | punct | high |
ἐπὶ τούτῳ δὲ Ὅμηρός τε καὶ οἱ ἔπειτα ἄνθρωποι τὸν ἐπὶ οὐδενὶ ὑγιεῖ Σαρδάνιον γέλωτα ὀνομάζουσι.
The subject is Ὅμηρος τε καὶ οἱ ἔπειτα ἄνθρωποι; τὸν ... γέλωτα is the accusative object, with Σαρδάνιον as its epithet and ἐπὶ οὐδενὶ ὑγιεῖ describing the laughter as sound in nothing.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 2 τούτῳ | case | high | |
| 2 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | D-D-SMN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 16 ὀνομάζουσι | obl | high | Dative with ἐπί: on this account/point. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ὀνομάζουσι | cc | high | |
| 4 | Ὅμηρός | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἄνθρωποι | conj | high | Coordinated subject with ἄνθρωποι. |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 Ὅμηρός | cc | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἄνθρωποι | cc | high | |
| 7 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 ἔπειτα | det | high | Article substantivizing ἔπειτα. |
| 8 | ἔπειτα | ἔπειτα | ADV | ADV | _ | 9 ἄνθρωποι | amod | medium | Substantivized with οἱ, meaning later men/people. |
| 9 | ἄνθρωποι | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ὀνομάζουσι | nsubj | high | Subject coordinated with Ὅμηρος. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Σαρδάνιον | det | high | |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 οὐδενὶ | case | high | |
| 12 | οὐδενὶ | οὐδείς | PRON | P-SDN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 13 ὑγιεῖ | obl | high | Dative complement with ὑγιεῖ: sound in nothing. |
| 13 | ὑγιεῖ | ὑγιής | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Σαρδάνιον | amod | high | Adjectival modifier within the name's descriptive phrase. |
| 14 | Σαρδάνιον | Σαρδάνιος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 γέλωτα | amod | high | Epithet modifying γέλωτα. |
| 15 | γέλωτα | γέλως | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ὀνομάζουσι | obj | high | |
| 16 | ὀνομάζουσι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ὀνομάζουσι | punct | high |
φύεται δὲ μάλιστα ἡ πόα περὶ τὰς πηγάς, οὐ μέντοι μεταδίδωσί γε καὶ τῷ ὕδατι τοῦ ἰοῦ.
Two coordinated clauses: φύεται has subject ἡ πόα and a περὶ phrase; μεταδίδωσι is negated and takes τῷ ὕδατι as dative recipient/goal and τοῦ ἰοῦ as genitive object/content. The spelling μεταδίδωσί reflects final accent before γε; ἰός means ‘poison’ here.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φύεται | φύω | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb; middle/deponent in the sense ‘grows’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 φύεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | ADV-SUP | Degree=Sup | 1 φύεται | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying φύεται. |
| 4 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πόα | det | high | |
| 5 | πόα | πόα | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 φύεται | nsubj | high | Subject of φύεται. |
| 6 | περὶ | περί | ADP | P | _ | 8 πηγάς | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 7 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 πηγάς | det | high | |
| 8 | πηγάς | πηγή | NOUN | N-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 φύεται | obl | high | Locative circumstantial phrase ‘around the springs’. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 φύεται | punct | high | |
| 10 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | ADV | Polarity=Neg | 12 μεταδίδωσί | advmod | high | Negates μεταδίδωσι. |
| 11 | μέντοι | μέντοι | PART | PRT | _ | 12 μεταδίδωσί | advmod | high | Adversative particle, ‘however/nevertheless’. |
| 12 | μεταδίδωσί | μεταδίδωμι | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 φύεται | conj | high | Finite verb coordinated with φύεται; final accent is orthographic before enclitic γε. |
| 13 | γε | γε | PART | PRT | _ | 12 μεταδίδωσί | advmod:emph | high | Emphatic enclitic. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ὕδατι | cc | medium | Likely additive connective within the second clause; may be read with the dative phrase. |
| 15 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ὕδατι | det | high | |
| 16 | ὕδατι | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-NSD | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 μεταδίδωσί | iobj | high | Dative recipient/goal with μεταδίδωμι, ‘to the water’. |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἰοῦ | det | high | Article substantivizing or accompanying the genitive noun phrase. |
| 18 | ἰοῦ | ἰός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 μεταδίδωσί | obj | medium | Genitive object/content of μεταδίδωμι, ‘poison’; syntactic analysis of this genitive can vary. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 φύεται | punct | high |
τὸν μὲν δὴ περὶ τῆς Σαρδοῦς λόγον ἐπεισηγαγόμεθα ἐς τὴν Φωκίδα συγγραφήν, ὅτι οὐχ ἥκιστα καὶ ἐς ταύτην οἱ Ἕλληνες τὴν νῆσον ἀνηκόως εἶχον·
The ὅτι clause explains the insertion of the Sardian account; ἀνηκόως is treated as an adverb modifying εἶχον, with its precise lexical analysis uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | DAms | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 λόγον | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | T__ | _ | 8 ἐπεισηγαγόμεθα | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; δὴ follows. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | T__ | _ | 8 ἐπεισηγαγόμεθα | discourse | high | |
| 4 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R | _ | 6 Σαρδοῦς | case | high | |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Dafs | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Σαρδοῦς | det | high | |
| 6 | Σαρδοῦς | Σαρδώ | PROPN | Npfsg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 λόγον | nmod | medium | Proper name Σαρδώ, genitive singular. |
| 7 | λόγον | λόγος | NOUN | Nams | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπεισηγαγόμεθα | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἐπεισηγαγόμεθα | ἐπεισάγω | VERB | V1aorMidInd1Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist middle indicative, 1st plural; middle sense is contextual. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 11 Φωκίδα | case | high | |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DAfs | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Φωκίδα | det | high | |
| 11 | Φωκίδα | Φωκίς | PROPN | Naf-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 συγγραφήν | nmod | high | |
| 12 | συγγραφήν | συγγραφή | NOUN | Nafs | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπεισηγαγόμεθα | obl | high | Destination/domain phrase: into the Phocian account. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐπεισηγαγόμεθα | punct | high | |
| 14 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | C | _ | 8 ἐπεισηγαγόμεθα | mark | high | Introduces causal/explanatory clause. |
| 15 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | Tn | Polarity=Neg | 16 ἥκιστα | advmod | high | |
| 16 | ἥκιστα | ἥκιστα | ADV | DAd | Degree=Sup | 25 εἶχον | advmod | high | Superlative adverb, idiomatically ‘not least’. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 19 ταύτην | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 19 ταύτην | case | high | |
| 19 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | PDafsa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 23 νῆσον | det | high | Demonstrative modifies νῆσον. |
| 20 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | DNommp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 Ἕλληνες | det | high | |
| 21 | Ἕλληνες | Ἕλλην | NOUN | Npmp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 εἶχον | nsubj | high | |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DAfs | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 νῆσον | det | high | |
| 23 | νῆσον | νῆσος | NOUN | Nafs | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 εἶχον | obj | high | |
| 24 | ἀνηκόως | ἀνηκόως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 25 εἶχον | advmod | medium | Adverbial form; exact lexical derivation/morphology uncertain. |
| 25 | εἶχον | ἔχω | VERB | V3 Impf Act Ind 3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 14 ὅτι | advcl | high | Imperfect indicative, 3rd plural; ὅτι-clause. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐπεισηγαγόμεθα | punct | high |