Grammar parses for passage 10.18.1
Open translation for this passage
τὸν δὲ ἵππον, ὃς ἐφεξῆς τῇ εἰκόνι ἐστὶ τοῦ Σάρδου, Ἀθηναῖος Καλλίας Λυσιμαχίδου πατρὸς ἀναθεῖναί φησιν ἰδίᾳ περιποιησάμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ πρὸς Πέρσας πολέμου χρήματα.
The accusative horse is the object of ἀναθεῖναί, governed by φησιν; ὃς introduces a relative clause, while Ἀθηναῖος Καλλίας Λυσιμαχίδου πατρὸς is the subject of the infinitive. The participle περιποιησάμενος is circumstantial with Καλλίας, and χρήματα is its object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἵππον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 18 φησιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἵππον | ἵππος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀναθεῖναί | obj | high | |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἵππον | punct | high | |
| 5 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | R-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun refers to ἵππον. |
| 6 | ἐφεξῆς | ἐφεξῆς | ADV | D--------- | _ | 9 ἐστὶ | advmod | high | |
| 7 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 εἰκόνι | det | high | |
| 8 | εἰκόνι | εἰκών | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐφεξῆς | obl | high | Dative with ἐφεξῆς. |
| 9 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 ἵππον | acl:relcl | high | |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Σάρδου | det | high | |
| 11 | Σάρδου | Σάρδος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἰκόνι | nmod | medium | Proper name; genitive dependent on εἰκών. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστὶ | punct | high | |
| 13 | Ἀθηναῖος | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Καλλίας | appos | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 14 | Καλλίας | Καλλίας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀναθεῖναί | nsubj | high | Subject of the infinitive ἀναθεῖναί. |
| 15 | Λυσιμαχίδου | Λυσιμαχίδης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 πατρὸς | nmod | high | |
| 16 | πατρὸς | πατήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Καλλίας | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive: son of Lysimachides. |
| 17 | ἀναθεῖναί | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 18 φησιν | xcomp | high | |
| 18 | φησιν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | ἰδίᾳ | ἴδιος | ADV | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 περιποιησάμενος | advmod | medium | Adverbial dative, ‘personally/with private means’. |
| 20 | περιποιησάμενος | περιποιέω | VERB | V-AOM-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 14 Καλλίας | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Καλλίας. |
| 21 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R--------- | _ | 25 πολέμου | case | high | |
| 22 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 πολέμου | det | high | Substantivizes πολέμου. |
| 23 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R--------- | _ | 24 Πέρσας | case | high | |
| 24 | Πέρσας | Πέρσης | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 πολέμου | nmod | high | |
| 25 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 περιποιησάμενος | obl | high | Object of ἀπό: funds obtained from the war against the Persians. |
| 26 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 περιποιησάμενος | obj | high | Object of περιποιησάμενος. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 φησιν | punct | high |
Ἀχαιοὶ δὲ ἀνέθεσαν Ἀθηνᾶς ἄγαλμα πόλιν τῶν ἐν Αἰτωλίᾳ παραστησάμενοι πολιορκίᾳ·
The participle παραστησάμενοι governs πόλιν and takes πολιορκίᾳ as a means dative; τῶν is likely substantival/elliptical, referring to cities in Aetolia.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀχαιοὶ | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | NbMp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀνέθεσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 3 ἀνέθεσαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀνέθεσαν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | NbFs | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄγαλμα. |
| 5 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | Nbns | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἀνέθεσαν | obj | high | |
| 6 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | Nbfs | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 παραστησάμενοι | obj | medium | Object of παραστησάμενοι in the participial circumstance. |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S---GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 Αἰτωλίᾳ | det | medium | Article substantivizing an elliptical noun, probably [πόλεων], with ἐν Αἰτωλίᾳ. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 9 Αἰτωλίᾳ | case | high | |
| 9 | Αἰτωλίᾳ | Αἰτωλία | PROPN | Nbfs | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 πόλιν | nmod | medium | With ἐν; τῶν is substantival/elliptical, likely referring to cities in Aetolia. |
| 10 | παραστησάμενοι | παρίστημι | VERB | V-AMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 3 ἀνέθεσαν | advcl | high | Aorist middle participle agreeing with Ἀχαιοὶ; instrumental/circumstantial. |
| 11 | πολιορκίᾳ | πολιορκία | NOUN | Nbfs | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 παραστησάμενοι | obl | high | Dative of means with παραστησάμενοι. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀνέθεσαν | punct | high |
τῇ πόλει δὲ ἣν εἷλον Φάνα τοὔνομα ἦν.
The sentence is a naming construction: Φάνα τοὔνομα ἦν, with ἣν εἷλον as a relative clause modifying the dative-referenced πόλει; εἷλον is morphologically ambiguous.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | Art-Dat-Sg-Fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 πόλει | det | high | |
| 2 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | N-Dat-Sg-Fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἦν | obl | high | Dative of reference/location with ἦν. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 8 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | Rel-Acc-Sg-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 εἷλον | obj | high | Relative pronoun, antecedent πόλει. |
| 5 | εἷλον | αἱρέω | VERB | V-Aor-Act-Ind-1Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=First|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 2 πόλει | acl:relcl | medium | Form is ambiguous between 1st singular and 3rd plural aorist active; interpreted here as 1st plural from context. |
| 6 | Φάνα | Φάνα | PROPN | N-Nom-Sg-Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Place name, predicate subject of ἦν. |
| 7 | τοὔνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-Nom-Sg-Neut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 Φάνα | appos | high | Crasis τοὔνομα = τὸ ὄνομα; appositional naming construction. |
| 8 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-Impf-Act-Ind-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=Third|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἦν | punct | high |
γενέσθαι δὲ χρόνον φασὶν οὐκ ὀλίγον τῇ πολιορκίᾳ·
Infinitival clause with γενέσθαι as the complement of φασίν; χρόνον is an accusative duration expression, and τῇ πολιορκίᾳ is a dative of circumstance/association. The omitted subject of γενέσθαι is understood from context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--AMN- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 4 φασὶν | ccomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive governed by φασίν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 φασὶν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating conjunction. |
| 3 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 γενέσθαι | obj | high | Accusative duration expression with γενέσθαι. |
| 4 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite reporting verb; subject is implicit. |
| 5 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 6 ὀλίγον | advmod | high | Negative particle modifying ὀλίγον. |
| 6 | ὀλίγον | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 χρόνον | amod | high | Attributive adjective agreeing with χρόνον; οὐκ ὀλίγον means 'not a little'. |
| 7 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 πολιορκίᾳ | det | high | Article agreeing with πολιορκίᾳ. |
| 8 | πολιορκίᾳ | πολιορκία | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 γενέσθαι | obl | medium | Dative of circumstance/association: 'in the siege'; relation may alternatively be analyzed as a dative complement of duration. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 φασὶν | punct | high |
καὶ ὡς ἀδυνάτως εἶχον ἑλεῖν τὴν πόλιν, θεωροὺς ἀποστέλλουσιν ἐς Δελφούς, καὶ αὐτοῖς ἀφίκετο μάντευμα·
The initial ὡς-clause is an adverbial clause dependent on ἀποστέλλουσιν; the final καὶ coordinates the subsequent clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ἀποστέλλουσιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 4 εἶχον | mark | high | Introduces the clause modifying the following action/state. |
| 3 | ἀδυνάτως | ἀδυνάτως | ADV | _ | _ | 4 εἶχον | advmod | high | |
| 4 | εἶχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 10 ἀποστέλλουσιν | advcl | high | Imperfect εἶχον with infinitive complement. |
| 5 | ἑλεῖν | αἱρέω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 εἶχον | xcomp | high | |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 7 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἑλεῖν | obj | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 εἶχον | punct | high | |
| 9 | θεωροὺς | θεωρός | NOUN | N-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἀποστέλλουσιν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀποστέλλουσιν. |
| 10 | ἀποστέλλουσιν | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 12 Δελφούς | case | high | |
| 12 | Δελφούς | Δελφοί | PROPN | N-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἀποστέλλουσιν | obl | high | Goal/destination with ἐς. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀποστέλλουσιν | punct | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 ἀφίκετο | cc | high | |
| 15 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 16 ἀφίκετο | iobj | medium | Dative recipient/possessor with ἀφίκετο. |
| 16 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 10 ἀποστέλλουσιν | conj | high | |
| 17 | μάντευμα | μάντευμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἀφίκετο | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀποστέλλουσιν | punct | high |