Grammar parses for passage 10.17.2
Open translation for this passage
πρῶτοι δὲ διαβῆναι λέγονται ναυσὶν ἐς τὴν νῆσον Λίβυες· ἡγεμὼν δὲ τοῖς Λίβυσιν ἦν Σάρδος ὁ Μακήριδος, Ἡρακλέους δὲ ἐπονομασθέντος ὑπὸ Αἰγυπτίων τε καὶ Λιβύων.
The first clause has an infinitival complement with the subject in nominative after λέγονται; the second clause contains a genitive absolute (Ἡρακλέους ἐπονομασθέντος) with an agent phrase introduced by ὑπό.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρῶτοι | πρῶτος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 λέγονται | nsubj | high | Predicative adjective used substantively: 'the first ones'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 4 λέγονται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | διαβῆναι | διαβαίνω | VERB | AORINF | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 4 λέγονται | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive dependent on λέγονται. |
| 4 | λέγονται | λέγω | VERB | PRESM/PASSIND | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb; passive/deponent sense 'are said'. |
| 5 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 διαβῆναι | obl | high | Instrumental/dative with διαβαίνω. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 8 νῆσον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S-FA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 νῆσον | det | high | Article. |
| 8 | νῆσον | νῆσος | NOUN | N-FA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 διαβῆναι | obl | high | Goal phrase with ἐς. |
| 9 | Λίβυες | Λίβυς | PROPN | NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 λέγονται | nsubj | high | Subject of λέγονται. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 λέγονται | punct | high | Middle dot punctuation. |
| 11 | ἡγεμὼν | ἡγεμών | NOUN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 15 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 13 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 Λίβυσιν | det | high | Article. |
| 14 | Λίβυσιν | Λίβυς | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἦν | iobj | high | Dative of advantage/association with ἦν. |
| 15 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | PRESIND | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential main verb of second clause. |
| 16 | Σάρδος | Σάρδος | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἦν | nsubj | high | Predicate nominative/appositional naming after ἦν. |
| 17 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 Μακήριδος | det | high | Article. |
| 18 | Μακήριδος | Μακήρις | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Σάρδος | nmod | high | Genitive of filiation modifying Σάρδος. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἦν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 20 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἐπονομασθέντος | nsubj | medium | Genitive absolute subject; lemma normalized. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 22 ἐπονομασθέντος | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 22 | ἐπονομασθέντος | ἐπονομάζω | VERB | AAPGSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 15 ἦν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 23 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 24 Αἰγυπτίων | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 24 | Αἰγυπτίων | Αἰγύπτιος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἐπονομασθέντος | obl | high | Agent phrase with ὑπό. |
| 25 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 24 Αἰγυπτίων | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 24 Αἰγυπτίων | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 27 | Λιβύων | Λίβυς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 Αἰγυπτίων | conj | high | Second coordinated genitive with τε καί. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἦν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Μακήριδι μὲν δὴ αὐτῷ τὰ ἐπιφανέστατα ὁδὸς ἐγένετο ἡ ἐς Δελφούς· Σάρδῳ δὲ ἡγεμονία τε ὑπῆρξε τῶν Λιβύων ἡ ἐς τὴν Ἰχνοῦσσαν καὶ τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ τοῦ Σάρδου τούτου μετέβαλεν ἡ νῆσος.
The sentence consists of two coordinated main clauses; the first has a compressed directional phrase (ἡ ἐς Δελφούς) modifying ὁδός, and the second uses two coordinated predicates with shared subject νῆσος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μακήριδι | Μάκηρις | PROPN | N-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Dative of reference/advantage. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 8 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G-------- | _ | 8 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 8 ἐγένετο | iobj | high | Dative personal pronoun referring to Μακήριδι. |
| 5 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-??-PAN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 ὁδὸς | det | medium | Article with substantivized adjective phrase. |
| 6 | ἐπιφανέστατα | ἐπιφανής | ADJ | A--NPA-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ὁδὸς | amod | high | Superlative adjective used substantively. |
| 7 | ὁδὸς | ὁδός | NOUN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο. |
| 8 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-3AMI-S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-3FSN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Δελφούς | det | high | Article introducing prepositional phrase. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 Δελφούς | case | high | Preposition governing Δελφούς. |
| 11 | Δελφούς | Δελφοί | PROPN | N-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ὁδὸς | nmod | medium | Attached to ὁδός as directional modifier; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 13 | Σάρδῳ | Σάρδος | PROPN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ὑπῆρξε | obl | high | Dative of reference/advantage in second clause. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 17 ὑπῆρξε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 15 | ἡγεμονία | ἡγεμονία | NOUN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ὑπῆρξε | nsubj | high | Subject of ὑπῆρξε. |
| 16 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 15 ἡγεμονία | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 17 | ὑπῆρξε | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V-3AAI-S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main verb coordinated by punctuation. |
| 18 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-PGMP--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 Λιβύων | det | high | Article with genitive complement. |
| 19 | Λιβύων | Λίβυος | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἡγεμονία | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἡγεμονία. |
| 20 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-3FSN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 Ἰχνοῦσσαν | det | high | Article with relative/prepositional phrase. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 Ἰχνοῦσσαν | case | high | Preposition governing Ἰχνοῦσσαν. |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-SAF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 Ἰχνοῦσσαν | det | high | Article with place name. |
| 23 | Ἰχνοῦσσαν | Ἰχνοῦσσα | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἡγεμονία | nmod | medium | Likely directional modifier of ἡγεμονία. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 31 μετέβαλεν | cc | high | Coordinates two noun phrases/clauses. |
| 25 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-SAN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 ὄνομα | det | high | Article with noun ὄνομα. |
| 26 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-S---NN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 μετέβαλεν | obj | high | Object of μετέβαλεν. |
| 27 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 31 μετέβαλεν | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 28 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-SGMP--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 Σάρδου | det | high | Article with Σάρδου. |
| 29 | Σάρδου | Σάρδος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 μετέβαλεν | obl | high | Ablatival/source complement of ἀπό. |
| 30 | τούτου | οὗτος | DET | Pd-SGSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 29 Σάρδου | det | high | Demonstrative modifying Σάρδου. |
| 31 | μετέβαλεν | μεταβάλλω | VERB | V-3AAI-S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 17 ὑπῆρξε | conj | high | Coordinate verb in second clause. |
| 32 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-3FSN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 33 νῆσος | det | high | Article with νῆσος. |
| 33 | νῆσος | νῆσος | NOUN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 μετέβαλεν | nsubj | high | Subject of μετέβαλεν. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ὑπῆρξε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
οὐ μέντοι τούς γε αὐτόχθονας ἐξέβαλεν ὁ τῶν Λιβύων στόλος, σύνοικοι δὲ ὑπʼ αὐτῶν οἱ ἐπελθόντες ἀνάγκῃ μᾶλλον ἢ ὑπὸ εὐνοίας ἐδέχθησαν.
Two coordinated clauses: first with ἐξέβαλεν as root, second with ἐδέχθησαν as a separate root-like main clause after the comma; participial ἐπελθόντες is attributive to σύνοικοι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἐξέβαλεν | advmod | high | Negation of the verb. |
| 2 | μέντοι | μέντοι | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἐξέβαλεν | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | τούς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 αὐτόχθονας | det | high | Article with αὐτόχθονας. |
| 4 | γε | γε | PART | _ | _ | 3 τούς | discourse | high | Enclitic emphatic particle. |
| 5 | αὐτόχθονας | αὐτόχθων | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐξέβαλεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἐξέβαλεν. |
| 6 | ἐξέβαλεν | ἐκβάλλω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 στόλος | det | high | Article with στόλος. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Λιβύων | det | high | Article with Λιβύων. |
| 9 | Λιβύων | Λίβυς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 στόλος | nmod | medium | Ethnicon functioning as genitive modifier. |
| 10 | στόλος | στόλος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐξέβαλεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐξέβαλεν. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐξέβαλεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | σύνοικοι | σύνοικος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἐδέχθησαν | nsubj:pass | medium | Predicative subject of ἐδέχθησαν; adjective used substantivally. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 23 ἐδέχθησαν | discourse | high | Mild adversative/continuative particle. |
| 14 | ὑπʼ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 15 αὐτῶν | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτῶν. |
| 15 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 ἐπελθόντες | obl:agent | high | Agent of passive-like verbal idea in participial clause. |
| 16 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 ἐπελθόντες | det | high | Article with ἐπελθόντες. |
| 17 | ἐπελθόντες | ἐπέρχομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 σύνοικοι | amod | medium | Attributive participle modifying σύνοικοι. |
| 18 | ἀνάγκῃ | ἀνάγκη | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἐδέχθησαν | obl | medium | Dative of cause/necessity. |
| 19 | μᾶλλον | μᾶλλον | ADV | _ | _ | 21 ὑπὸ | advmod | high | Comparator adverb in comparative phrase. |
| 20 | ἢ | ἤ | SCONJ | _ | _ | 19 μᾶλλον | mark | high | Introduces comparison phrase. |
| 21 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 22 εὐνοίας | case | high | Preposition governing εὐνοίας. |
| 22 | εὐνοίας | εὔνοια | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἐδέχθησαν | obl | medium | Prepositional complement in comparison phrase. |
| 23 | ἐδέχθησαν | δέχομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἐδέχθησαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |