Grammar parses for passage 10.18.4
Open translation for this passage
Ῥόδιοι δὲ οἱ ἐν Λίνδῳ παρὰ ταύτην τὴν Ἀθηνᾶν τὸ ἄγαλμα ἔστησαν τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος.
The phrase παρὰ ταύτην τὴν Ἀθηνᾶν is an accusative prepositional comparison/reference phrase, while τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος is a genitive dependent on ἄγαλμα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ῥόδιοι | Ῥόδιος | PROPN | N--MP--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἔστησαν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 12 ἔστησαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 Ῥόδιοι | det | high | Article substantivizing or accompanying Ῥόδιοι. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 5 Λίνδῳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 5 | Λίνδῳ | Λίνδος | PROPN | N--DS--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 Ῥόδιοι | nmod | high | Locative place phrase modifying the Rhodians. |
| 6 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R--------- | _ | 9 Ἀθηνᾶν | case | high | Here governing accusative with the sense 'beside/in comparison with'. |
| 7 | ταύτην | οὗτος | DET | A--ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 9 Ἀθηνᾶν | det | high | Demonstrative determiner. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Ἀθηνᾶν | det | high | Article. |
| 9 | Ἀθηνᾶν | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N--ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἔστησαν | obl | high | Object of παρά in a comparative/associative phrase. |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἄγαλμα | det | high | Article with ἄγαλμα. |
| 11 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N--NSN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἔστησαν | obj | high | Direct object of ἔστησαν. |
| 12 | ἔστησαν | ἵστημι | VERB | V-AAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active finite predicate. |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Ἀπόλλωνος | det | high | Article with the divine name. |
| 14 | Ἀπόλλωνος | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N-GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the deity represented by the statue. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἔστησαν | punct | high |
ἀνέθεσαν δὲ καὶ Ἀβρακιῶται χαλκοῦν ὄνον, νυκτομαχίᾳ Μολοσσοὺς νικήσαντες.
The participle νικήσαντες is circumstantial, agreeing with the subject Ἀβρακιῶται; νυκτομαχίᾳ is an instrumental dative (‘by night-fighting’), and χαλκοῦν ὄνον is the accusative object of ἀνέθεσαν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνέθεσαν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-IAורA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 ἀνέθεσαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D | _ | 4 Ἀβρακιῶται | advmod | high | Additive adverb modifying the clause. |
| 4 | Ἀβρακιῶται | Ἀβρακιώτης | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀνέθεσαν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name functioning as the subject. |
| 5 | χαλκοῦν | χάλκεος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὄνον | amod | high | |
| 6 | ὄνον | ὄνος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀνέθεσαν | obj | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 νικήσαντες | punct | high | |
| 8 | νυκτομαχίᾳ | νυκτομαχία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 νικήσαντες | obl | high | Instrumental or manner dative. |
| 9 | Μολοσσοὺς | Μολοσσός | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 νικήσαντες | obj | high | Object of the participle νικήσαντες. |
| 10 | νικήσαντες | νικάω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 ἀνέθεσαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist active participle, agreeing with Ἀβρακιῶται. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀνέθεσαν | punct | high |
λόχον μέν σφισιν ἐν νυκτὶ οἱ Μολοσσοὶ παρεσκεύασαν· ὄνου δέ, ὃς ἐλαυνόμενος ἐκ τοῦ ἀγροῦ τότε ἔτυχεν, ὄνον θήλειαν διώκοντος σὺν ὕβρει τε τῇ ἄλλῃ καὶ τραχύτητι τοῦ φθέγματος, ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ὃς τὸν ὄνον ἤλαυνε βοῶντος ἀσαφῆ τε καὶ ἄκοσμα, οὕτως οἵ τε ἐκ τῆς ἐνέδρας τῶν Μολοσσῶν ἐξανίστανται ταραχθέντες καὶ οἱ Ἀμβρακιῶται φωράσαντες τὰ ἐπὶ σφίσι βεβουλευμένα ἐπιχειροῦσιν ἐν τῇ νυκτί, καὶ ἐκράτησαν μάχῃ τῶν Μολοσσῶν.
The opening λόχον μέν ... παρεσκεύασαν is the main clause; the long genitive absolute (ὄνου ... διώκοντος, with τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ... βοῶντος) supplies the disruptive circumstance. οἵ ... ἐξανίστανται and οἱ Ἀμβρακιῶται ... ἐπιχειροῦσιν are coordinated results, followed by καὶ ἐκράτησαν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λόχον | λόχος | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 παρεσκεύασαν | obj | high | |
| 2 | μέν | μέν | PART | d-------- | _ | 8 παρεσκεύασαν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | p-p---md- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 8 παρεσκεύασαν | iobj | high | Reflexive/third-person plural pronoun. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | r-------- | _ | 5 νυκτὶ | case | high | |
| 5 | νυκτὶ | νύξ | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 παρεσκεύασαν | obl | high | |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Μολοσσοὶ | det | high | |
| 7 | Μολοσσοὶ | Μολοσσός | PROPN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 παρεσκεύασαν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 8 | παρεσκεύασαν | παρασκευάζω | VERB | v3paia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 παρεσκεύασαν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ὄνου | ὄνος | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 διώκοντος | nsubj | medium | Genitive absolute subject; semantic sex is supplied by θήλειαν. |
| 11 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 19 ἔτυχεν | cc | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἔτυχεν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | p-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 14 ἐλαυνόμενος | nsubj:pass | high | Relative subject, referring to the ass. |
| 14 | ἐλαυνόμενος | ἐλαύνω | VERB | v-sppmn--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 19 ἔτυχεν | advcl | medium | Participial circumstance within the relative clause. |
| 15 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | r-------- | _ | 17 ἀγροῦ | case | high | |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ἀγροῦ | det | high | |
| 17 | ἀγροῦ | ἀγρός | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐλαυνόμενος | obl | high | |
| 18 | τότε | τότε | ADV | d-------- | _ | 19 ἔτυχεν | advmod | high | |
| 19 | ἔτυχεν | τυγχάνω | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 23 διώκοντος | acl:relcl | medium | Relative-clause predicate; ὃς is its subject. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἔτυχεν | punct | high | |
| 21 | ὄνον | ὄνος | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 διώκοντος | obj | high | Object of διώκοντος; masculine form despite female referent. |
| 22 | θήλειαν | θῆλυς | ADJ | a-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ὄνον | amod | high | Semantic clarification of the female ass. |
| 23 | διώκοντος | διώκω | VERB | v-sppmg--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 57 ἐξανίστανται | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 24 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | r-------- | _ | 25 ὕβρει | case | high | |
| 25 | ὕβρει | ὕβρις | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 διώκοντος | obl | high | |
| 26 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 25 ὕβρει | cc | high | |
| 27 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 ἄλλῃ | det | high | |
| 28 | ἄλλῃ | ἄλλος | ADJ | a-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ὕβρει | amod | high | Substantivized/elliptical adjective, 'other' [insolence]. |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 30 τραχύτητι | cc | high | |
| 30 | τραχύτητι | τραχύτης | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 διώκοντος | obl | high | |
| 31 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 32 φθέγματος | det | high | |
| 32 | φθέγματος | φθέγμα | NOUN | n-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 τραχύτητι | nmod | high | |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 διώκοντος | punct | high | |
| 34 | ὡσαύτως | ὡσαύτως | ADV | d-------- | _ | 43 βοῶντος | advmod | high | |
| 35 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 43 βοῶντος | cc | high | |
| 36 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 43 βοῶντος | cc | high | |
| 37 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 38 ἀνδρὸς | det | high | |
| 38 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 43 βοῶντος | nsubj | high | Second genitive-absolute subject. |
| 39 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | p-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 42 ἤλαυνε | nsubj | high | Relative subject, referring to the man. |
| 40 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 41 ὄνον | det | high | |
| 41 | ὄνον | ὄνος | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 42 ἤλαυνε | obj | high | |
| 42 | ἤλαυνε | ἐλαύνω | VERB | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 38 ἀνδρὸς | acl:relcl | high | |
| 43 | βοῶντος | βοάω | VERB | v-sppmg--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 57 ἐξανίστανται | advcl | high | Coordinates with διώκοντος as a genitive absolute. |
| 44 | ἀσαφῆ | ἀσαφής | ADJ | a-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 43 βοῶντος | obj | high | Substantivized neuter plural, things/words unclear. |
| 45 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 44 ἀσαφῆ | cc | high | |
| 46 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 47 ἄκοσμα | cc | high | |
| 47 | ἄκοσμα | ἄκοσμος | ADJ | a-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 44 ἀσαφῆ | conj | high | Substantivized neuter plural, disorderly/indecent things. |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 43 βοῶντος | punct | high | |
| 49 | οὕτως | οὕτως | ADV | d-------- | _ | 57 ἐξανίστανται | advmod | high | Correlative result adverb. |
| 50 | οἵ | ὅς | PRON | p-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 57 ἐξανίστανται | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun with generalized/relative force. |
| 51 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 50 οἵ | cc | high | |
| 52 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | r-------- | _ | 54 ἐνέδρας | case | high | |
| 53 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 54 ἐνέδρας | det | high | |
| 54 | ἐνέδρας | ἐνέδρα | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 57 ἐξανίστανται | obl | high | |
| 55 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 56 Μολοσσῶν | det | high | |
| 56 | Μολοσσῶν | Μολοσσός | PROPN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 54 ἐνέδρας | nmod | high | |
| 57 | ἐξανίστανται | ἐξανίστημι | VERB | v3ppie--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 73 ἐκράτησαν | conj | medium | Present historic; coordinated with ἐπιχειροῦσιν. |
| 58 | ταραχθέντες | ταράσσω | VERB | v-papmn--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 57 ἐξανίστανται | advcl | high | |
| 59 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 67 ἐπιχειροῦσιν | cc | high | |
| 60 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 61 Ἀμβρακιῶται | det | high | |
| 61 | Ἀμβρακιῶται | Ἀμβρακιώτης | PROPN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 67 ἐπιχειροῦσιν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 62 | φωράσαντες | φωράω | VERB | v-papmn--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 67 ἐπιχειροῦσιν | advcl | high | |
| 63 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 66 βεβουλευμένα | det | high | |
| 64 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | r-------- | _ | 65 σφίσι | case | high | |
| 65 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | p-p---md- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 66 βεβουλευμένα | obl | high | Dative after ἐπί in the sense 'against them'. |
| 66 | βεβουλευμένα | βουλεύω | VERB | v-prpan--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 62 φωράσαντες | obj | high | Substantivized perfect passive participle: things plotted. |
| 67 | ἐπιχειροῦσιν | ἐπιχειρέω | VERB | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 73 ἐκράτησαν | conj | high | Coordinated main predicate. |
| 68 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | r-------- | _ | 70 νυκτί | case | high | |
| 69 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 70 νυκτί | det | high | |
| 70 | νυκτί | νύξ | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 67 ἐπιχειροῦσιν | obl | high | |
| 71 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 67 ἐπιχειροῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 72 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 73 ἐκράτησαν | cc | high | |
| 73 | ἐκράτησαν | κρατέω | VERB | v3paia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Main coordination is structurally ambiguous: this final aorist may be coordinated with the preceding present-historic predicates; selected as sentence root. |
| 74 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 73 ἐκράτησαν | obl | high | Dative of means/manner. |
| 75 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 76 Μολοσσῶν | det | high | |
| 76 | Μολοσσῶν | Μολοσσός | PROPN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 73 ἐκράτησαν | obl | high | Genitive complement of κρατέω. |
| 77 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 73 ἐκράτησαν | punct | high |