Grammar parses for passage 10.18.6
Open translation for this passage
ἔστιν ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἄθλων τῶν Ἡρακλέους τὸ ἐς τὴν ὕδραν, ἀνάθημά τε ὁμοῦ Τισαγόρου καὶ τέχνη, σιδήρου καὶ ἡ ὕδρα καὶ ὁ Ἡρακλῆς.
The sentence is elliptical: τὸ ἐς τὴν ὕδραν substantivizes the episode of Heracles against the Hydra, while ἀνάθημα and τέχνη are coordinated nominal predicates; the final nominatives describe the iron artwork.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential εἰμί. |
| 2 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D | PronType=Dem | 1 ἔστιν | advmod | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 12 ἀνάθημά | cc | high | Coordinates the following nominal predicate. |
| 4 | ἄθλων | ἆθλον | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 τὸ | nmod | high | Partitive/possessive genitive. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 ἄθλων | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἄθλων | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄθλων. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 1 ἔστιν | nsubj | medium | Substantivizing article with omitted/understood nominal expression. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 10 ὕδραν | case | high | |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ὕδραν | det | high | |
| 10 | ὕδραν | ὕδρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 τὸ | nmod | high | Accusative in art-description phrase, governed by ἐς. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀνάθημά | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἀνάθημά | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστιν | conj | high | Coordinated nominal predicate with τέχνη. |
| 13 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 12 ἀνάθημά | cc | high | |
| 14 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | D | _ | 12 ἀνάθημά | advmod | medium | Adverbial 'together/at once', modifying the dedication statement. |
| 15 | Τισαγόρου | Τισαγόρας | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀνάθημά | nmod | medium | Possessive/agentive genitive with ἀνάθημα. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 17 τέχνη | cc | high | |
| 17 | τέχνη | τέχνη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀνάθημά | conj | high | Coordinated nominal predicate; gender mismatch reflects separate predicate. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 τέχνη | punct | high | |
| 19 | σιδήρου | σίδηρος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 τέχνη | nmod | high | Material genitive with τέχνη. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 22 ὕδρα | cc | high | Coordinates the two figures. |
| 21 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 ὕδρα | det | high | |
| 22 | ὕδρα | ὕδρα | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 τέχνη | nmod | medium | Likely nominative subject/object of the implied representation under τέχνη; syntactically elliptical. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 25 Ἡρακλῆς | cc | high | Coordinates ὕδρα and Ἡρακλῆς. |
| 24 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 Ἡρακλῆς | det | high | |
| 25 | Ἡρακλῆς | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 τέχνη | nmod | medium | Parallel nominative figure in an elliptical art-description construction. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστιν | punct | high |
σιδήρου δὲ ἐργασίαν τὴν ἐπὶ ἀγάλμασι χαλεπωτάτην καὶ πόνου συμβέβηκεν εἶναι πλείστου·
The construction is συμβέβηκεν εἶναι with an accusative subject ἐργασίαν; πλείστου πόνου is a superlative genitive phrase meaning that the work has involved the greatest amount of toil.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | σιδήρου | σίδηρος | NOUN | NOUN-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐργασίαν | nmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 συμβέβηκεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐργασίαν | ἐργασία | NOUN | NOUN-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 συμβέβηκεν | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι in an impersonal construction, with συμβέβηκεν as the governing predicate. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐργασίαν | det | high | |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 ἀγάλμασι | case | high | With dative. |
| 6 | ἀγάλμασι | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἐργασίαν | nmod | high | Object/domain of ἐργασία. |
| 7 | χαλεπωτάτην | χαλεπός | ADJ | A-SAF-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Superl|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐργασίαν | amod | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 πόνου | cc | high | |
| 9 | πόνου | πόνος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 πλείστου | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on πλείστου, expressing the quantity/domain of toil. |
| 10 | συμβέβηκεν | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 συμβέβηκεν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of συμβέβηκεν. |
| 12 | πλείστου | πολύς | ADJ | A-GSM-S | Case=Gen|Degree=Superl|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 εἶναι | obl | medium | Predicative genitive within the infinitival clause, agreeing with or governing implied πόνος. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 συμβέβηκεν | punct | high |
θαύματος μὲν δὴ καὶ τοῦ Τισαγόρου τὸ ἔργον, ὅστις δὴ ὁ Τισαγόρας, θαύματος δὲ οὐκ ἐλαχίστου καὶ ἐν Περγάμῳ λέοντός τε καὶ ὑὸς ἀγρίου κεφαλαί, σιδήρου καὶ αὗται·
Nominal verbless construction: θαύματος ... τὸ ἔργον and θαύματος ... κεφαλαί are predicate genitives of admiration; ὅστις δὴ ὁ Τισαγόρας is an appositional/parenthetical identification. The final σιδήρου agrees with the understood material predicate for αὗται/κεφαλαί; κεφαλαί is nominative plural, despite the surrounding genitives.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | θαύματος | θαῦμα | NOUN | N-gen.sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἔργον | obl | medium | Predicate genitive of admiration with ἔργον. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Ptcl | _ | 1 θαύματος | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Ptcl | _ | 1 θαύματος | discourse | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cj | _ | 8 ἔργον | cc | high | Coordinates the first nominal clause with the following one. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-gen.sg.masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Τισαγόρου | det | high | |
| 6 | Τισαγόρου | Τισαγόρας | PROPN | N-gen.sg.masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἔργον | nmod | high | Possessive genitive. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art-nom.sg.neut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἔργον | det | high | |
| 8 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-nom.sg.neut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Subject of verbless nominal clause; θαύματος is predicate genitive. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔργον | punct | high | |
| 10 | ὅστις | ὅστις | PRON | PRel-nom.sg.masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Τισαγόρας | nsubj | medium | Relative pronoun in parenthetical identification; semantic antecedent is Τισαγόρας. |
| 11 | δὴ | δή | PART | Ptcl | _ | 13 Τισαγόρας | discourse | high | |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-nom.sg.masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Τισαγόρας | det | high | Article in the nominal identification. |
| 13 | Τισαγόρας | Τισαγόρας | PROPN | N-nom.sg.masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἔργον | appos | medium | Parenthetical apposition/identification, with omitted copula. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 Τισαγόρας | punct | high | |
| 15 | θαύματος | θαῦμα | NOUN | N-gen.sg.neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 κεφαλαί | obl | medium | Predicate genitive of admiration with κεφαλαί. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Cj | _ | 27 κεφαλαί | cc | high | Correlative contrast/continuation. |
| 17 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | Ptcl | Polarity=Neg | 18 ἐλαχίστου | advmod | high | |
| 18 | ἐλαχίστου | ἐλάχιστος | ADJ | A-gen.sg.neut | Case=Gen|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 θαύματος | amod | high | Modifies θαύματος. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cj | _ | 27 κεφαλαί | cc | high | Coordinates the second nominal clause. |
| 20 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 21 Περγάμῳ | case | high | |
| 21 | Περγάμῳ | Πέργαμον | PROPN | N-dat.sg.neut | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 κεφαλαί | obl | high | Locative complement. |
| 22 | λέοντός | λέων | NOUN | N-gen.sg.masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 κεφαλαί | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on κεφαλαί. |
| 23 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Cj | _ | 22 λέοντός | cc | high | Correlates with καί at token 24. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cj | _ | 25 ὑὸς | cc | high | Coordinates ὑός with λέοντος. |
| 25 | ὑὸς | ὗς | NOUN | N-gen.sg.masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 λέοντός | conj | high | Genitive coordinated with λέοντος. |
| 26 | ἀγρίου | ἄγριος | ADJ | A-gen.sg.masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ὑὸς | amod | high | Modifies ὑός. |
| 27 | κεφαλαί | κεφαλή | NOUN | N-nom.pl.fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ἔργον | conj | high | Second coordinated subject/predicate nominal clause; κεφαλαί are of lion and wild boar. |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 κεφαλαί | punct | high | |
| 29 | σιδήρου | σίδηρος | NOUN | N-gen.sg.masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 αὗται | nmod | medium | Material genitive, predicated of αὗται/κεφαλαί with omitted εἰσί. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cj | _ | 31 αὗται | cc | high | |
| 31 | αὗται | οὗτος | PRON | DPro-nom.pl.fem | Case=Nom|Deixis=Prox|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 27 κεφαλαί | conj | high | Resumptive demonstrative subject, referring to the κεφαλαί. |
| 32 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔργον | punct | high |
Διονύσῳ δὲ ἀναθήματα σφᾶς ἐποιήσαντο.
The verb ἐποιήσαντο is aorist middle, with σφᾶς as its reflexive object and ἀναθήματα as the object/result; Διονύσῳ is the dative recipient or dedication target. The middle form may be interpreted as ‘they dedicated/made offerings for themselves’ or as a lexical middle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Διονύσῳ | Διόνυσος | PROPN | N--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐποιήσαντο | obl | high | Dative of recipient or dedication target. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἐποιήσαντο | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | ἀναθήματα | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | N--PAN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐποιήσαντο | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐποιήσαντο. |
| 4 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3AP--- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 5 ἐποιήσαντο | obj | medium | Third-person plural accusative pronoun; reflexive/self-benefactive interpretation is possible with the middle verb. |
| 5 | ἐποιήσαντο | ποιέω | VERB | V3PAMI--- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle indicative, third plural; form is morphologically aorist despite the broad past-tense feature. |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐποιήσαντο | punct | high |