Grammar parses for passage 10.18.7
Open translation for this passage
Φωκέων δὲ οἱ ἔχοντες Ἐλάτειαν---ἀντέσχον γὰρ τῇ Κασσάνδρου πολιορκίᾳ Ὀλυμπιοδώρου σφίσιν ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν ἀμύνοντος---λέοντα τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι χαλκοῦν ἀποπέμπουσιν ἐς Δελφούς.
Main clause: οἱ ἔχοντες Ἐλάτειαν ... ἀποπέμπουσιν, with a parenthetical explanatory clause; Ὀλυμπιοδώρου ἀμύνοντος is a genitive absolute, and σφίσιν is the dative subject/reference of the participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φωκέων | Φωκεύς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἔχοντες | nsubj | high | Partitive or possessive genitive with οἱ ἔχοντες. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 ἀποπέμπουσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἔχοντες | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 4 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 ἀποπέμπουσιν | nsubj | high | Substantival present participle, subject of ἀποπέμπουσιν. |
| 5 | Ἐλάτειαν | Ἐλάτεια | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἔχοντες | obj | high | Object of ἔχοντες. |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀντέσχον | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀντέσχον | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀντέσχον | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 9 | ἀντέσχον | ἀντέχω | VERB | V-2AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 26 ἀποπέμπουσιν | parataxis | high | Parenthetical explanatory finite clause. |
| 10 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἀντέσχον | cc | high | |
| 11 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 πολιορκίᾳ | det | high | |
| 12 | Κασσάνδρου | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πολιορκίᾳ | nmod | high | Possessive/agentive genitive. |
| 13 | πολιορκίᾳ | πολιορκία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀντέσχον | obl | high | Dative with ἀντέχω. |
| 14 | Ὀλυμπιοδώρου | Ὀλυμπιόδωρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἀμύνοντος | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 15 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 18 ἀμύνοντος | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/beneficiary with ἀμύνοντος; may be construed as the persons defended. |
| 16 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP-GEN | _ | 17 Ἀθηνῶν | case | high | |
| 17 | Ἀθηνῶν | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 ἀμύνοντος | obl | high | Source/origin complement of ἀμύνω. |
| 18 | ἀμύνοντος | ἀμύνω | VERB | V-PAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἀντέσχον | advcl | high | Genitive absolute, simultaneous circumstance. |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀντέσχον | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀντέσχον | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀντέσχον | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 22 | λέοντα | λέων | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἀποπέμπουσιν | obj | high | Object sent as a dedication. |
| 23 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 Ἀπόλλωνι | det | high | |
| 24 | Ἀπόλλωνι | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἀποπέμπουσιν | iobj | high | Dative recipient/dedicatee. |
| 25 | χαλκοῦν | χάλκεος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 λέοντα | amod | high | Material adjective modifying λέοντα. |
| 26 | ἀποπέμπουσιν | ἀποπέμπω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 27 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP-ACC | _ | 28 Δελφούς | case | high | |
| 28 | Δελφούς | Δελφοί | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἀποπέμπουσιν | obl | high | Destination. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἀποπέμπουσιν | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ Ἀπόλλων ὁ ἐγγυτάτω τοῦ λέοντος Μασσαλιωτῶν ἐστιν ἀπὸ τῆς πρὸς Καρχηδονίους ἀπαρχὴ ναυμαχίας.
The predicate ἐστιν takes Ἀπόλλων as subject and ἀπαρχή as predicate nominative; ὁ ἐγγυτάτω τοῦ λέοντος Μασσαλιωτῶν is a superlative-based attributive phrase, with Μασσαλιωτῶν dependent on λέοντος. The final ἀπὸ phrase specifies origin, while πρὸς Καρχηδονίους modifies ναυμαχίας.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Ἀπόλλων | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀπόλλων | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | NE-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἐγγυτάτω | det | high | Article in the attributive phrase. |
| 5 | ἐγγυτάτω | ἐγγύς | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 3 Ἀπόλλων | amod | medium | Superlative adverb functioning adjectivally with Ἀπόλλων. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 λέοντος | det | high | |
| 7 | λέοντος | λέων | NOUN | NOM-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐγγυτάτω | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐγγυτάτω. |
| 8 | Μασσαλιωτῶν | Μασσαλιώτης | NOUN | NOM-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 λέοντος | nmod | high | Possessive/associative genitive modifying λέοντος. |
| 9 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PXA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P-------- | _ | 14 ἀπαρχὴ | case | high | |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 ἀπαρχὴ | det | high | |
| 12 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P-------- | _ | 13 Καρχηδονίους | case | high | |
| 13 | Καρχηδονίους | Καρχηδόνιος | PROPN | AE-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ναυμαχίας | nmod | high | Object of πρός within the phrase modifying ναυμαχίας. |
| 14 | ἀπαρχὴ | ἀπαρχή | NOUN | NOM-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with εἰμί. |
| 15 | ναυμαχίας | ναυμαχία | NOUN | GEN-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀπαρχὴ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀπαρχή. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστιν | punct | high |
πεποίηται δὲ ὑπὸ Αἰτωλῶν τρόπαιόν τε καὶ γυναικὸς ἄγαλμα ὡπλισμένης, ἡ Αἰτωλία δῆθεν· ταῦτα ἀνέθεσαν ἐπιθέντες οἱ Αἰτωλοὶ Γαλάταις δίκην ὠμότητος τῆς ἐς Καλλιέας.
The first clause has coordinated neuter subjects τρόπαιον and ἄγαλμα with a genitive-agent passive perfect; the second is paratactic, with ἐπιθέντες governing the dative Γαλάταις.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-RIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/passive perfect: 'has been made'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 πεποίηται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Αἰτωλῶν | case | high | Agent marker with genitive. |
| 4 | Αἰτωλῶν | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 πεποίηται | obl:agent | high | |
| 5 | τρόπαιόν | τρόπαιον | NOUN | N-ANS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 πεποίηται | nsubj:pass | high | First nominative subject/predicate complement of πεποίηται. |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 τρόπαιόν | cc | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἄγαλμα | cc | high | |
| 8 | γυναικὸς | γυνή | NOUN | N-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἄγαλμα | nmod:poss | high | Genitive dependent on ἄγαλμα: statue of a woman. |
| 9 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-ANS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 πεποίηται | conj | high | Coordinated with τρόπαιον. |
| 10 | ὡπλισμένης | ὁπλίζω | VERB | V-RPP-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 8 γυναικὸς | acl | medium | Genitive feminine participle agrees with γυναικός: 'armed'. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἄγαλμα | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Αἰτωλία | det | high | |
| 13 | Αἰτωλία | Αἰτωλία | PROPN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἄγαλμα | appos | high | Apposition identifying the woman/statue as Aetolia. |
| 14 | δῆθεν | δῆθεν | PART | PART | _ | 13 Αἰτωλία | advmod | high | Ironic/hearsay particle, 'so-called'. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 πεποίηται | punct | high | |
| 16 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | D-ANP | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἀνέθεσαν | obj | high | Object of ἀνέθεσαν. |
| 17 | ἀνέθεσαν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-IAA-3P | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 1 πεποίηται | parataxis | high | New coordinated/paratactic finite clause. |
| 18 | ἐπιθέντες | ἐπιτίθημι | VERB | V-2AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 17 ἀνέθεσαν | advcl | high | Aorist participle, with οἱ Αἰτωλοί as subject. |
| 19 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 Αἰτωλοὶ | det | high | |
| 20 | Αἰτωλοὶ | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἀνέθεσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | Γαλάταις | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἐπιθέντες | iobj | medium | Dative recipient/target with ἐπιθέντες, likely 'imposing [it] on the Galatians'. |
| 22 | δίκην | δίκη | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἀνέθεσαν | obl | high | Accusative of punishment/justice: 'as punishment'. |
| 23 | ὠμότητος | ὠμότης | NOUN | N-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 δίκην | nmod | high | Genitive of charge/reason: punishment for cruelty. |
| 24 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ὠμότητος | det | high | |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 Καλλιέας | case | high | |
| 26 | Καλλιέας | Καλλιέαι | PROPN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 ὠμότητος | nmod | medium | Place/name in accusative after ἐς; exact lexical identification uncertain. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀνέθεσαν | punct | high |
ἐπίχρυσος δὲ εἰκών, ἀνάθημα Γοργίου τοῦ ἐκ Λεοντίνων, αὐτὸς Γοργίας ἐστίν εἰκών.
The sentence identifies the gilded image as a dedication of Gorgias of Leontini and equates it with Gorgias himself; εἰκών is understood with an implicit copular predicate in the first nominal phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπίχρυσος | ἐπίχρυσος | ADJ | A-NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 εἰκών | amod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 εἰκών | cc | high | |
| 3 | εἰκών | εἰκών | NOUN | N-NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 εἰκών | nsubj | medium | Subject of the explicit copula at token 13; the first nominal phrase is appositional/descriptive. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 εἰκών | punct | high | |
| 5 | ἀνάθημα | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | N-NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 εἰκών | appos | medium | Neuter predicate/appositional noun linked to feminine εἰκών; agreement is not expected for a neuter predicate noun. |
| 6 | Γοργίου | Γόργιος | PROPN | N-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνάθημα | nmod | high | |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Γοργίου | det | high | |
| 8 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 Λεοντίνων | case | high | |
| 9 | Λεοντίνων | Λεοντῖνοι | PROPN | N-GPF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 Γοργίου | nmod | high | Place-name in the genitive after ἐκ. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀνάθημα | punct | high | |
| 11 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Γοργίας | advmod | medium | Intensive pronoun modifying/emphasizing Γοργίας: Gorgias himself. |
| 12 | Γοργίας | Γοργίας | PROPN | N-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐστίν | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | ἐστίν | εἰμί | VERB | V-3SAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | εἰκών | εἰκών | NOUN | N-NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐστίν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative after εἰμί. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐστίν | punct | high |