Grammar parses for passage 10.19.11
Open translation for this passage
ταῦτα ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἐνομίσθη τοῖς Γαλάταις ἐς μίμησιν τοῦ ἐν Πέρσαις ἀριθμοῦ τῶν μυρίων, οἳ ἐκαλοῦντο Ἀθάνατοι.
The impersonal construction δοκεῖν ἐνομίσθη is interpreted as an accusative-and-infinitive-like complement: ταῦτα is the infinitive's accusative subject, while ἐνομίσθη takes τοῖς Γαλάταις as its dative experiencer/agent and ἐς μίμησιν as purpose. The relative clause modifies μυρίων (the Ten Thousand).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PD----NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 3 δοκεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of δοκεῖν. |
| 2 | ἐμοὶ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-----DA- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 3 δοκεῖν | iobj | medium | Dative of opinion/association with δοκεῖν; syntactically somewhat ambiguous. |
| 3 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | V--PAN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἐνομίσθη | xcomp | medium | Present active infinitive dependent on ἐνομίσθη; construed with ταῦτα as accusative subject. |
| 4 | ἐνομίσθη | νομίζω | VERB | V3SPI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb; passive, with dative of agent/experiencer. |
| 5 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 Γαλάταις | det | high | Article agreeing with Γαλάταις. |
| 6 | Γαλάταις | Γαλάτης | PROPN | NPMD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Proper=Yes | 4 ἐνομίσθη | obl:agent | medium | Dative marking the people for whom/by whom the view was held. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 8 μίμησιν | case | high | Preposition governing μίμησιν. |
| 8 | μίμησιν | μίμησις | NOUN | NAFS4---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐνομίσθη | obl | high | Purpose/result-like oblique phrase, ἐς μίμησιν. |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-GS-M- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ἀριθμοῦ | det | high | Article with ἀριθμοῦ. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 11 Πέρσαις | case | high | Preposition governing Πέρσαις. |
| 11 | Πέρσαις | Πέρσης | PROPN | NPMD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Proper=Yes | 12 ἀριθμοῦ | nmod | high | Dative complement of ἐν; attached within the genitive phrase. |
| 12 | ἀριθμοῦ | ἀριθμός | NOUN | NMSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 μίμησιν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μίμησιν. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GP-M- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 μυρίων | det | high | Article with μυρίων. |
| 14 | μυρίων | μύριοι | NUM | A-PG-M- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 12 ἀριθμοῦ | nmod | high | Genitive numeral phrase, ‘of the Ten Thousand’; modified by the relative clause. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀριθμοῦ | punct | high | |
| 16 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P——NM— | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 17 ἐκαλοῦντο | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun, antecedent μυρίων. |
| 17 | ἐκαλοῦντο | καλέω | VERB | V3IPI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Pass | 12 ἀριθμοῦ | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate modifying μυρίων. |
| 18 | Ἀθάνατοι | Ἀθάνατος | PROPN | NP--MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Proper=Yes | 17 ἐκαλοῦντο | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative/name complement of passive ἐκαλοῦντο. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐνομίσθη | punct | high |
διάφορα δὲ ἦν, ὅτι κατελέγοντο ἀντὶ τῶν ἀποθνησκόντων ὑπὸ μὲν Περσῶν τῆς μάχης ὕστερον, Γαλάταις δὲ ὑπʼ αὐτὴν τοῦ ἔργου τὴν ἀκμὴν ὁ ἀριθμὸς ἀπεπληροῦτο τῶν ἱππέων.
The ὅτι clause contains a contrast: replacements were enrolled after the battle for the Persians, whereas among the Galatians the cavalry complement was made up at the height of the action; the exact voice/lexical analysis of κατελέγοντο and ἀπεπληροῦτο is mildly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | διάφορα | διάφορος | ADJ | A----NP-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἦν | nsubj | high | Predicative neuter plural subject complement with ἦν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἦν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 3 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 5 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 6 κατελέγοντο | mark | high | Introduces the content clause explaining the difference. |
| 6 | κατελέγοντο | καταλέγω | VERB | V3PIIM--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Mid | 3 ἦν | ccomp | medium | Imperfect middle/passive-form verb; middle sense is likely, with implied persons being enrolled/replaced. |
| 7 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 ἀποθνησκόντων | case | high | |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GP---N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἀποθνησκόντων | det | high | |
| 9 | ἀποθνησκόντων | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-PAPGPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 κατελέγοντο | obl | medium | Substantivized genitive present participle, 'those dying'; ἀντί governs the phrase. |
| 10 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Περσῶν | case | high | Agent phrase with genitive. |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 12 Περσῶν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with δέ at token 18. |
| 12 | Περσῶν | Πέρσης | PROPN | N-GP---M- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 μάχης | obl | high | Persians as agent/source of the battle context. |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GS---F- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 μάχης | det | high | |
| 14 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-GS---F- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ὕστερον | obl | high | Genitive with ὕστερον, 'after the battle'. |
| 15 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | D-------- | _ | 6 κατελέγοντο | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative, governing or licensing the genitive τῆς μάχης. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 6 κατελέγοντο | punct | high | |
| 17 | Γαλάταις | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N-DP---M- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἀπεπληροῦτο | obl | high | Dative of reference/with respect to the Galatians. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 Γαλάταις | cc | high | Correlative contrast with μέν at token 11. |
| 19 | ὑπʼ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 αὐτὴν | case | high | Temporal phrase with accusative. |
| 20 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-AF--S-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἀκμὴν | amod | high | Intensive/identifying modifier of ἀκμήν: 'the very peak'. |
| 21 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GS---N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἔργου | det | high | |
| 22 | ἔργου | ἔργον | NOUN | N-GS---N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἀκμὴν | nmod | high | Dependent genitive, 'of the action/work'. |
| 23 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἀκμὴν | det | high | |
| 24 | ἀκμὴν | ἀκμή | NOUN | N-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἀπεπληροῦτο | obl | high | Accusative temporal extent with ὑπό: 'at the height of the action'. |
| 25 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἀριθμὸς | det | high | |
| 26 | ἀριθμὸς | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἀπεπληροῦτο | nsubj | high | |
| 27 | ἀπεπληροῦτο | ἀναπληρόω | VERB | V3SIIΜ--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Mid | 6 κατελέγοντο | conj | medium | Coordinated predicate for the Galatian contrast; spelling and voice analysis are somewhat uncertain. |
| 28 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GP---M- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἱππέων | det | high | |
| 29 | ἱππέων | ἱππεύς | NOUN | N-GP---M- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἀριθμὸς | nmod | high | Genitive of the whole/specification with ἀριθμός, 'number of cavalrymen'. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 3 ἦν | punct | high |
τοῦτο ὠνόμαζον τὸ σύνταγμα τριμαρκισίαν τῇ ἐπιχωρίῳ φωνῇ· καὶ ἵππῳ τὸ ὄνομα ἴστω τις μάρκαν ὂν τὰ ὑπὸ τῶν Κελτῶν.
The first clause has an elided subject and an accusative naming complement: τοῦτο is the object, τὸ σύνταγμα the named entity, and τριμαρκισίαν the predicate accusative. In the second clause, ἴστω is a jussive/imperatival form of οἶδα (‘let one know’), with ὄνομα as object and μάρκαν as a quoted lexical item; ὂν is treated cautiously as an imperfectly transmitted relative/participle form referring to τὰ ὑπό... .
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PDN-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 2 ὠνόμαζον | obj | high | |
| 2 | ὠνόμαζον | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Subject is implicit/contextual. |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 σύνταγμα | det | high | |
| 4 | σύνταγμα | σύνταγμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 ὠνόμαζον | obj | medium | Accusative naming complement; syntactically appositional to τοῦτο. |
| 5 | τριμαρκισίαν | τριμαρκισία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 σύνταγμα | xcomp | medium | Predicate accusative after ὀνομάζω. |
| 6 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 φωνῇ | det | high | |
| 7 | ἐπιχωρίῳ | ἐπιχώριος | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 φωνῇ | amod | high | |
| 8 | φωνῇ | φωνή | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 ὠνόμαζον | obl | high | Dative of language/standard. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ὠνόμαζον | punct | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 ἴστω | cc | high | Coordinates the following clause with the preceding statement. |
| 11 | ἵππῳ | ἵππος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἴστω | obl | medium | Dative of comparison/reference: ‘for a horse’. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 13 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἴστω | obj | high | Object of ἴστω. |
| 14 | ἴστω | οἶδα | VERB | V-XAM-3S | Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | low | Form is traditionally imperative of οἶδα, but the clause is textually/syntactically difficult. |
| 15 | τις | τις | PRON | PX-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 14 ἴστω | nsubj | medium | Indefinite subject of the jussive/imperatival clause. |
| 16 | μάρκαν | μάρκα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ὄνομα | appos | low | Celtic lexical item quoted/explained as the word for ‘horse’; exact syntactic attachment is uncertain. |
| 17 | ὂν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAP-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 τὰ | acl | low | Textual form and construction are uncertain; treated as a participial modifier of τὰ. |
| 18 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 ἴστω | obj | medium | Substantival article, probably referring to the things/terms used by the Celts. |
| 19 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 21 Κελτῶν | case | high | |
| 20 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RG-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 21 Κελτῶν | det | high | |
| 21 | Κελτῶν | Κέλτης | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 τὰ | obl | high | |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἴστω | punct | high |