Grammar parses for passage 10.19.12
Open translation for this passage
παρασκευῇ μὲν τοσαύτῃ καὶ μετὰ διανοίας τοιαύτης ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα ὁ Βρέννος ἤλαυνε·
Βρέννος is the subject of ἤλαυνε; παρασκευῇ and μετὰ διανοίας are instrumental/circumstantial adjuncts, with τοσαύτῃ and τοιαύτης agreeing respectively. The exact force of μὲν is discourse-linking and left uncoordinated here.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρασκευῇ | παρασκευή | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἤλαυνε | obl | high | Dative of means or attendant circumstance. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | TE粒 | _ | 1 παρασκευῇ | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle; corresponding δέ is outside this sentence or understood. |
| 3 | τοσαύτῃ | τοσοῦτος | DET | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 παρασκευῇ | det | high | Correlative demonstrative agreeing with παρασκευῇ. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 μετὰ | cc | high | Coordinates the two circumstantial adjuncts. |
| 5 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 διανοίας | case | high | With genitive, meaning 'with'. |
| 6 | διανοίας | διάνοια | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἤλαυνε | obl | high | Genitive complement of μετά, in an accompanying-circumstance phrase. |
| 7 | τοιαύτης | τοιοῦτος | DET | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 διανοίας | det | high | Correlative demonstrative agreeing with διανοίας. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Ἑλλάδα | case | high | With accusative, marking goal or direction. |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | Article agreeing with Ἑλλάδα. |
| 10 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἤλαυνε | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐπί. |
| 11 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Βρέννος | det | high | Article with the proper name. |
| 12 | Βρέννος | Βρέννος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἤλαυνε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἤλαυνε. |
| 13 | ἤλαυνε | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect indicative: 'was advancing/marching'. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἤλαυνε | punct | high |
ἑώρων δὲ τὸν ἐν τῷ παρόντι ἀγῶνα οὐχ ὑπὲρ ἐλευθερίας γενησόμενον, καθὰ ἐπὶ τοῦ Μήδου ποτέ, οὐδὲ δοῦσιν ὕδωρ καὶ γῆν τὰ ἀπὸ τούτου σφίσιν ἄδειαν φέροντα·
The accusative participle γενησόμενον modifies ἀγῶνα after ἑώρων; δοῦσιν is an aorist active participle coordinated with γενησόμενον, with ὕδωρ καὶ γῆν as its objects and ἄδειαν φέροντα as a further object-oriented participle. The syntax of καθὰ ἐπὶ τοῦ Μήδου ποτέ is elliptical and interpreted as a comparison to the Median episode; δοῦσιν may be textually or morphologically uncertain in context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἑώρων | ὁράω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἑώρων | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀγῶνα | det | high | |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 παρόντι | case | high | |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 παρόντι | det | high | |
| 6 | παρόντι | πάρειμι | VERB | V-PAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 7 ἀγῶνα | obl | high | Substantivized participle, ‘the present circumstances/time’. |
| 7 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 γενησόμενον | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitival/participial predication under ἑώρων. |
| 8 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 11 γενησόμενον | advmod | high | |
| 9 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 ἐλευθερίας | case | high | |
| 10 | ἐλευθερίας | ἐλευθερία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 γενησόμενον | obl | high | |
| 11 | γενησόμενον | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-FMP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Future|Voice=Middle | 1 ἑώρων | xcomp | high | Predicative participle in an accusative-and-participle construction with ἀγῶνα. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 11 γενησόμενον | punct | high | |
| 13 | καθὰ | καθά | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 γενησόμενον | mark | medium | Comparative/relative connective with elliptical following phrase. |
| 14 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 Μήδου | case | high | |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Μήδου | det | high | |
| 16 | Μήδου | Μῆδος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 καθὰ | obl | medium | Elliptical historical reference; likely ‘in the time/affair of the Mede’. |
| 17 | ποτέ | ποτέ | ADV | ADV | _ | 16 Μήδου | advmod | high | |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 13 καθὰ | punct | high | |
| 19 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 γενησόμενον | cc | high | Coordinates the second participial complement. |
| 20 | δοῦσιν | δίδωμι | VERB | V-AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 11 γενησόμενον | conj | low | Interpreted as an accusative aorist active participle agreeing with ἀγῶνα; the supplied form is morphologically uncertain. |
| 21 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 δοῦσιν | obj | high | |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 γῆν | cc | high | |
| 23 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 δοῦσιν | conj | high | |
| 24 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural | 29 φέροντα | det | medium | Article with substantivized or elliptical neuter plural expression. |
| 25 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 τούτου | case | high | |
| 26 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | D-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 τὰ | nmod | high | |
| 27 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3PD | Case=Dat|Number=Plural|Person=3 | 29 φέροντα | iobj | high | Reflexive/third-person plural dative, ‘for themselves/them’. |
| 28 | ἄδειαν | ἄδεια | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 φέροντα | obj | high | |
| 29 | φέροντα | φέρω | VERB | V-PAP-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 20 δοῦσιν | conj | medium | Accusative neuter plural participle, likely agreeing with τὰ and describing what the grant of water and earth brings. |
| 30 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 ἑώρων | punct | high |
ὡς οὖν ἀπολωλέναι δέον ἢ δʼ οὖν ἐπικρατεστέρους εἶναι, κατʼ ἄνδρα τε ἰδίᾳ καὶ αἱ πόλεις διέκειντο ἐν κοινῷ.
The opening ὡς-clause is elliptical/idiomatic: ἀπολωλέναι δέον is read as ‘it being necessary to perish’, contrasted by ἢ ... εἶναι; κατ’ ἄνδρα and αἱ πόλεις are coordinated adverbial subjects/frames for διέκειντο. The supplied δʼ is orthographic δέ and syntactically difficult; it is treated as a connective particle introducing the alternative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἀπολωλέναι | mark | medium | Introduces an infinitival clause; exact discourse force is context-dependent. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | ADV | _ | 3 ἀπολωλέναι | advmod | high | Inferential particle/adverb. |
| 3 | ἀπολωλέναι | ἀπόλλυμι | VERB | V--RAN---- | Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 18 διέκειντο | csubj | medium | Perfect active infinitive, apparently paired with δέον in an impersonal elliptical construction. |
| 4 | δέον | δέω | VERB | V-PAN---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ἀπολωλέναι | xcomp | low | Neuter nominative present participle used impersonally (‘being necessary’); attachment to ἀπολωλέναι is interpretive. |
| 5 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 εἶναι | cc | medium | Coordinates the alternative infinitival predicate. |
| 6 | δʼ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 9 εἶναι | discourse | medium | Elided δέ; connective/contrastive particle. |
| 7 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | ADV | _ | 9 εἶναι | advmod | high | Inferential particle. |
| 8 | ἐπικρατεστέρους | ἐπικρατής | ADJ | A--PAM---- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Comparative adjective functioning as predicate accusative with εἶναι. |
| 9 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 18 διέκειντο | ccomp | high | Alternative infinitive, coordinated semantically with ἀπολωλέναι. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 διέκειντο | punct | high | |
| 11 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 ἄνδρα | case | high | Preposition governing ἄνδρα. |
| 12 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N--ASM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 διέκειντο | obl | medium | κατ’ ἄνδρα means distributively ‘man by man’. |
| 13 | τε | τε | CCONJ | PART | _ | 12 ἄνδρα | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 14 | ἰδίᾳ | ἴδιος | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 18 διέκειντο | advmod | high | Adverbial form, ‘privately/individually’. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 πόλεις | cc | high | Coordinates the individual and civic frames. |
| 16 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | L--NPN---- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 πόλεις | det | high | |
| 17 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N--NP---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 διέκειντο | nsubj | high | Subject of διέκειντο. |
| 18 | διέκειντο | διάκειμαι | VERB | V-IIM-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb, ‘were situated/disposed’. |
| 19 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 κοινῷ | case | high | Preposition governing κοινῷ. |
| 20 | κοινῷ | κοινός | ADJ | A--DSN---- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 διέκειντο | obl | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, ‘in common/publicly’. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 διέκειντο | punct | high |