Grammar parses for passage 10.19.12
Open translation for this passage
τοῖς δέ γε Ἕλλησι κατεπεπτώκει μὲν ἐς ἅπαν τὰ φρονήματα, τὸ δὲ ἰσχυρὸν τοῦ δείματος προῆγεν ἐς ἀνάγκην τῇ Ἑλλάδι ἀμύνειν.
The clause structure is somewhat ambiguous: προῆγεν takes both ἐς ἀνάγκην and the infinitival complement ἀμύνειν, while the initial μέν...δέ pairs the two contrasted clauses.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Ἕλλησι | det | high | Article with Ἕλλησι. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 προῆγεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | γε | γε | PART | _ | _ | 4 Ἕλλησι | discourse | high | Enclitic emphasis on Ἕλλησι. |
| 4 | Ἕλλησι | Ἕλλην | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 προῆγεν | iobj | medium | Dative recipient/affected party; could be oblique. |
| 5 | κατεπεπτώκει | καταπίπτω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Act | 17 προῆγεν | advcl | high | Pluperfect indicative in a subordinate/resultative clause. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 5 κατεπεπτώκει | discourse | high | Correlative particle with δέ. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 10 φρονήματα | case | high | Preposition governing ἅπαν τὰ φρονήματα. |
| 8 | ἅπαν | ἅπας | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 φρονήματα | amod | medium | Likely used adverbially/attributively with φρονήματα; form is ambiguous. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 φρονήματα | det | high | Article with φρονήματα. |
| 10 | φρονήματα | φρόνημα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 κατεπεπτώκει | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 προῆγεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἰσχυρὸν | det | high | Article with ἰσχυρόν. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 προῆγεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 14 | ἰσχυρὸν | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 προῆγεν | obj | medium | May function substantivally with τοῦ δείματος as complement. |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 δείματος | det | high | Article with δείματος. |
| 16 | δείματος | δείμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἰσχυρὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἰσχυρόν. |
| 17 | προῆγεν | προάγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 19 ἀνάγκην | case | high | Preposition governing ἀνάγκην. |
| 19 | ἀνάγκην | ἀνάγκη | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 προῆγεν | obl | high | Prepositional object. |
| 20 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 Ἑλλάδι | det | high | Article with Ἑλλάδι. |
| 21 | Ἑλλάδι | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἀμύνειν | obl | medium | Dative with infinitive ἀμύνειν, likely dative of advantage/reference. |
| 22 | ἀμύνειν | ἀμύνω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 17 προῆγεν | xcomp | high | Complement of προῆγεν. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 προῆγεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἑώρων δὲ τὸν ἐν τῷ παρόντι ἀγῶνα οὐχ ὑπὲρ ἐλευθερίας γενησόμενον, καθὰ ἐπὶ τοῦ Μήδου ποτέ, οὐδὲ δοῦσιν ὕδωρ καὶ γῆν τὰ ἀπὸ τούτου σφίσιν ἄδειαν φέροντα·
The clause after οὐδὲ is syntactically loose; δοῦσιν may be the intended finite verb with the following participial phrase ἄδειαν φέροντα as its complement-like modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἑώρων | ὁράω | VERB | VIAI1P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of perception. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 1 ἑώρων | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ἀγῶνα | det | high | Article modifying ἀγῶνα. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 7 ἀγῶνα | case | high | Introduces prepositional phrase. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 παρόντι | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 6 | παρόντι | πάρειμι | VERB | PAPD-SM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἀγῶνα | amod | medium | Adjectival participle modifying ἀγῶνα. |
| 7 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἑώρων | obj | high | Direct object of ἑώρων. |
| 8 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | D | Polarity=Neg | 11 γενησόμενον | advmod | high | Negating γενησόμενον. |
| 9 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R | _ | 10 ἐλευθερίας | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 10 | ἐλευθερίας | ἐλευθερία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 γενησόμενον | obl | high | Complement of ὑπέρ. |
| 11 | γενησόμενον | γίγνομαι | VERB | VFPM-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 7 ἀγῶνα | acl | high | Future participle agreeing with ἀγῶνα. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἑώρων | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | καθὰ | καθά | ADV | _ | _ | 1 ἑώρων | advmod | medium | Comparative/relational adverb, likely introducing comparison. |
| 14 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 16 Μήδου | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Μήδου | det | high | Article with Μήδου. |
| 16 | Μήδου | Μῆδος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 καθὰ | obl | high | Genitive object of ἐπί. |
| 17 | ποτέ | ποτέ | ADV | D | _ | 13 καθὰ | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 καθὰ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 19 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 1 ἑώρων | cc | high | Coordinates with prior negative clause. |
| 20 | δοῦσιν | δίδωμι | VERB | VPAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἑώρων | conj | low | Likely 3pl present indicative, though form could be a scribal/orthographic variant. |
| 21 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 δοῦσιν | obj | high | Direct object of δοῦσιν. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 ὕδωρ | cc | high | Coordinates ὕδωρ and γῆν. |
| 23 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ὕδωρ | conj | high | Second coordinated object. |
| 24 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 29 φέροντα | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 25 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R | _ | 26 τούτου | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 26 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | PD-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 29 φέροντα | obl | high | Object of ἀπό. |
| 27 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 29 φέροντα | iobj | high | Dative of advantage/reference with φέροντα. |
| 28 | ἄδειαν | ἄδεια | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 φέροντα | obj | high | Direct object of φέροντα. |
| 29 | φέροντα | φέρω | VERB | PAPM-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 δοῦσιν | conj | high | Participial clause coordinated with δοῦσιν; agrees with τὰ. |
| 30 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἑώρων | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἀλλὰ τά τε ἐς Μακεδόνας καὶ Θρᾷκας καὶ Παίονας τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς προτέρας καταδρομῆς τῶν Γαλατῶν ἔτι σφίσιν ἔκειτο ἐν μνήμῃ, καὶ τὰ ἐν τῷ παρόντι τὰ ἐς Θεσσαλοὺς παρανομήματα ἀπηγγέλλετο.
Two coordinated clauses share the adversative/continuative structure; the first has a neuter plural article introducing a coordinated list, and the second repeats article + phrase + object construction with ἀπηγγέλλετο as root.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 ἔκειτο | cc | high | coordinating adversative connective |
| 2 | τά | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 ἔκειτο | obj | medium | article introducing the first coordinated neuter plural object-like phrase |
| 3 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 2 τά | discourse | high | enclitic connective particle |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 5 Μακεδόνας | case | high | preposition with accusative |
| 5 | Μακεδόνας | Μακεδών | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 τά | nmod | high | part of coordinated list governed by τά |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 Μακεδόνας | cc | high | coordination within the list |
| 7 | Θρᾷκας | Θρᾷξ | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Μακεδόνας | conj | high | second coordinated accusative ethnonym |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 Μακεδόνας | cc | high | coordination within the list |
| 9 | Παίονας | Παίων | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Μακεδόνας | conj | high | third coordinated accusative ethnonym |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 ἔκειτο | obj | medium | article introducing second coordinated clause/object |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 14 καταδρομῆς | case | high | preposition with genitive |
| 12 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 καταδρομῆς | det | high | article modifying καταδρομῆς |
| 13 | προτέρας | πρότερος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 καταδρομῆς | amod | high | attributive adjective with article |
| 14 | καταδρομῆς | καταδρομή | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἔκειτο | obl | high | prepositional genitive phrase dependent on ἔκειτο |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 Γαλατῶν | det | high | article modifying Γαλατῶν |
| 16 | Γαλατῶν | Γαλάτης | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 καταδρομῆς | nmod | high | genitive dependent of καταδρομῆς |
| 17 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | _ | _ | 19 ἔκειτο | advmod | high | temporal adverb |
| 18 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 19 ἔκειτο | iobj | high | dative of reference/interest |
| 19 | ἔκειτο | κεῖμαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | main verb of first clause |
| 20 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 21 μνήμῃ | case | high | preposition with dative |
| 21 | μνήμῃ | μνήμη | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἔκειτο | obl | high | locative/temporal complement |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἔκειτο | punct | high | punctuation |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 32 ἀπηγγέλλετο | cc | high | coordinating conjunction linking second clause |
| 24 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 32 ἀπηγγέλλετο | obj | medium | article introducing object-like phrase of second clause |
| 25 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 27 παρόντι | case | high | preposition with dative |
| 26 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 παρόντι | det | high | article modifying παρόντι |
| 27 | παρόντι | παρών | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 ἀπηγγέλλετο | obl | high | substantivized adjective in prepositional phrase |
| 28 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 31 παρανομήματα | det | high | article modifying παρανομήματα |
| 29 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 30 Θεσσαλοὺς | case | high | preposition with accusative |
| 30 | Θεσσαλοὺς | Θεσσαλός | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 παρανομήματα | nmod | high | object of preposition |
| 31 | παρανομήματα | παρανόμημα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 32 ἀπηγγέλλετο | obj | high | direct object of ἀπηγγέλλετο |
| 32 | ἀπηγγέλλετο | ἀπαγγέλλω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | main verb of second coordinated clause |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἀπηγγέλλετο | punct | high | punctuation |