Grammar parses for passage 10.20.1
Open translation for this passage
πάρεστι δέ, ὅστις ἐθέλοι καὶ ἀνταριθμῆσαι τούς τε ἐπὶ βασιλέα Ξέρξην ἐς Πύλας καὶ τοὺς τότε ἐναντία Γαλατῶν ἀθροισθέντας.
πάρεστι is existential/presentative; ὅστις ἐθέλοι ... ἀνταριθμῆσαι is a potential relative clause, with ἀνταριθμῆσαι coordinated to ἐθέλοι. The two accusative groups are coordinated objects of ἀνταριθμῆσαι; ἐπὶ βασιλέα Ξέρξην and ἐναντία Γαλατῶν modify their respective groups, with the latter phrase syntactically compressed and somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πάρεστι | πάρειμι | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/presentative main predicate. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 πάρεστι | cc | high | |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 πάρεστι | punct | high | |
| 4 | ὅστις | ὅστις | PRON | PX-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐθέλοι | nsubj | high | Indefinite relative pronoun, subject of ἐθέλοι. |
| 5 | ἐθέλοι | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 πάρεστι | acl:relcl | high | Potential optative in relative clause. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἀνταριθμῆσαι | cc | high | Coordinates infinitive with ἐθέλοι. |
| 7 | ἀνταριθμῆσαι | ἀνταριθμέω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 ἐθέλοι | xcomp | high | Complementary aorist infinitive. |
| 8 | τούς | ὁ | DET | T-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀνταριθμῆσαι | obj | high | Article introducing first accusative object group. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 τούς | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 βασιλέα | case | high | |
| 11 | βασιλέα | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Ξέρξην | nmod | high | Accusative object of ἐπί. |
| 12 | Ξέρξην | Ξέρξης | PROPN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 τούς | nmod | high | Appositional specification of βασιλέα. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 Πύλας | case | high | |
| 14 | Πύλας | Πύλαι | PROPN | N-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 τούς | nmod | high | Place name, destination with ἐς. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 τοὺς | cc | high | Coordinates the two accusative object groups. |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀνταριθμῆσαι | conj | high | Second accusative object group, coordinated with τούς. |
| 17 | τότε | τότε | ADV | ADV | _ | 20 ἀθροισθέντας | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying ἀθροισθέντας. |
| 18 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ἀθροισθέντας | advmod | medium | Adverbial neuter plural accusative, probably ‘opposite/agains[t]’. |
| 19 | Γαλατῶν | Γαλάται | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἐναντία | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ἐναντία; exact semantic relation is compressed. |
| 20 | ἀθροισθέντας | ἀθροίζω | VERB | V-APP-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 16 τοὺς | acl | high | Aorist passive participle agreeing with τοὺς. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 πάρεστι | punct | high |
ἐπὶ μέν γε τὸν Μῆδον ἀφίκοντο τοσοίδε Ἑλλήνων· Λακεδαιμόνιοι οἱ μετὰ Λεωνίδου τριακοσίων οὐ πλείονες, Τεγεᾶται πεντακόσιοι καὶ ἐκ Μαντινείας ἴσοι, παρὰ δὲ Ὀρχομενίων Ἀρκάδων εἴκοσί τε καὶ ἑκατόν, ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων χίλιοι τῶν ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ πόλεων,
Enumeration of contingents governed by ἀφίκοντο; several numeral phrases are elliptical, and ἴσοι means the contingent from Mantinea was equal in number to the Tegeates.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Μῆδον | case | high | |
| 2 | μέν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 6 ἀφίκοντο | discourse | high | |
| 3 | γε | γε | PART | PART | _ | 2 μέν | advmod | high | |
| 4 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Μῆδον | det | high | |
| 5 | Μῆδον | Μῆδος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀφίκοντο | obl | high | With ἐπί, destination/against the Mede. |
| 6 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | τοσοίδε | τοσόσδε | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Ἑλλήνων | amod | medium | Predicative quantity adjective agreeing with Ἕλληνες understood. |
| 8 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀφίκοντο | nmod | high | Partitive genitive. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | |
| 10 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-PMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀφίκοντο | nsubj | high | First enumerated subject/group. |
| 11 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-PMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | Article substantivizing μετὰ Λεωνίδου. |
| 12 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 Λεωνίδου | case | high | |
| 13 | Λεωνίδου | Λεωνίδης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | nmod | high | |
| 14 | τριακοσίων | τριακόσιοι | NUM | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | nummod | high | Genitive quantity complement, with οὐ πλείονες. |
| 15 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 16 πλείονες | advmod | high | |
| 16 | πλείονες | πολύς | ADJ | A-NPM-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | appos | high | Comparative predicate limiting the contingent. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | punct | high | |
| 18 | Τεγεᾶται | Τεγεᾶται | PROPN | N-PMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀφίκοντο | conj | high | |
| 19 | πεντακόσιοι | πεντακόσιοι | NUM | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 Τεγεᾶται | nummod | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 ἴσοι | cc | high | Coordinates the following equal contingent with Τεγεᾶται. |
| 21 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 22 Μαντινείας | case | high | |
| 22 | Μαντινείας | Μαντίνεια | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἴσοι | nmod | high | |
| 23 | ἴσοι | ἴσος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 Τεγεᾶται | conj | high | Elliptical numeral/contingent equal to the Tegeates. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 Τεγεᾶται | punct | high | |
| 25 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 27 Ὀρχομενίων | case | high | |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 Ὀρχομενίων | cc | high | |
| 27 | Ὀρχομενίων | Ὀρχομενός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 εἴκοσί | nmod | high | |
| 28 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 Ὀρχομενίων | appos | high | Apposition specifying the Orchomenians as Arcadians. |
| 29 | εἴκοσί | εἴκοσι | NUM | NUM | Case=Nom|Number=Plur | 18 Τεγεᾶται | conj | high | Coordinated enumerated contingent; numeral indeclinable. |
| 30 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 29 εἴκοσί | cc | high | |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 32 ἑκατόν | cc | high | Correlative τε καί in the numeral. |
| 32 | ἑκατόν | ἑκατόν | NUM | NUM | _ | 29 εἴκοσί | conj | high | Indeclinable numeral, completing 120. |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 εἴκοσί | punct | high | |
| 34 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 36 τῶν | case | high | |
| 35 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 38 χίλιοι | cc | high | |
| 36 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 37 ἄλλων | det | high | |
| 37 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 χίλιοι | amod | high | Substantivized: the other cities. |
| 38 | χίλιοι | χίλιοι | NUM | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀφίκοντο | conj | high | Final enumerated contingent. |
| 39 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 42 πόλεων | det | high | |
| 40 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 41 Ἀρκαδίᾳ | case | high | |
| 41 | Ἀρκαδίᾳ | Ἀρκαδία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 42 πόλεων | nmod | high | |
| 42 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 38 χίλιοι | nmod | high | Partitive/specifying genitive: cities in Arcadia. |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 38 χίλιοι | punct | high |
ὀγδοήκοντα δὲ ἐκ Μυκηνῶν καὶ ἐκ Φλιοῦντος διακόσιοι, διπλάσιοι δὲ τούτων Κορίνθιοι·
Elliptical numerical clause: ὀγδοήκοντα and διακόσιοι are coordinated subject/quantity expressions with an understood verb (likely ἦσαν); διπλάσιοι governs the genitive τούτων and Κορίνθιοι is its quantified subject/predicate. The exact attachment of the first numeral to the two ἐκ-phrases is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὀγδοήκοντα | ὀγδοήκοντα | NUM | ???? | NumType=Card | 8 διακόσιοι | nummod | medium | Cardinal numeral; functions in the elliptical first clause, with understood plural noun/verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 διακόσιοι | cc | high | Postpositive adversative/continuative conjunction. |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Μυκηνῶν | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 4 | Μυκηνῶν | Μυκήνη | PROPN | N--GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 διακόσιοι | nmod | high | Genitive plural place-name, complement of ἐκ. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 Φλιοῦντος | cc | high | Coordinates the two ἐκ-phrases. |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Φλιοῦντος | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 7 | Φλιοῦντος | Φλιοῦς | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 διακόσιοι | nmod | high | Genitive singular place-name, complement of ἐκ; coordinated with Μυκηνῶν. |
| 8 | διακόσιοι | διακόσιοι | NUM | A--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Nominal cardinal numeral in an elliptical clause; likely ‘two hundred’ with an understood masculine plural noun. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 διπλάσιοι | punct | high | |
| 10 | διπλάσιοι | διπλάσιος | ADJ | A--NPM- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 Κορίνθιοι | amod | medium | Predicate/quantifying adjective ‘twice as many’; attached to Κορίνθιοι in the elliptical clause. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 διπλάσιοι | cc | high | Postpositive conjunction. |
| 12 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | P--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 10 διπλάσιοι | obl | high | Partitive/comparative genitive: ‘of these’. |
| 13 | Κορίνθιοι | Κορίνθιος | PROPN | N--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | parataxis | low | Ethnic proper noun, nominative plural; likely the quantified subject of διπλάσιοι, with an understood copula. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 διακόσιοι | punct | high |
παρεγένοντο δὲ καὶ Βοιωτῶν ἑπτακόσιοι ἐκ δὲ Θεσπείας καὶ ἐκ Θηβῶν τετρακόσιοι.
The sentence has a coordinated subject: ἑπτακόσιοι Βοιωτῶν, with an additional coordinated phrase τετρακόσιοι ἐκ Θεσπείας καὶ ἐκ Θηβῶν; the second δέ is connective within the enumeration. The governing verb is plural παρεγένοντο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρεγένοντο | παραγίγνομαι | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 παρεγένοντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἑπτακόσιοι | cc | high | Coordinates the subject phrase. |
| 4 | Βοιωτῶν | Βοιωτός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἑπτακόσιοι | nmod | high | Genitive of origin or partitive association with ἑπτακόσιοι. |
| 5 | ἑπτακόσιοι | ἑπτακόσιοι | NUM | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 παρεγένοντο | nsubj | high | Substantival cardinal numeral, first coordinated subject member. |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Θεσπείας | case | high | |
| 7 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 τετρακόσιοι | cc | medium | Connective marking the additional contingent; syntactic attachment is somewhat ambiguous. |
| 8 | Θεσπείας | Θέσπεια | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 τετρακόσιοι | obl | high | Object of ἐκ, source/origin. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἐκ | cc | high | Coordinates the two ἐκ-prepositional phrases. |
| 10 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 Θηβῶν | case | high | |
| 11 | Θηβῶν | Θῆβαι | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 τετρακόσιοι | obl | high | Object of ἐκ, source/origin. |
| 12 | τετρακόσιοι | τετρακόσιοι | NUM | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 παρεγένοντο | conj | high | Substantival cardinal numeral, coordinated subject member; its source phrases are attached as obliques. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 παρεγένοντο | punct | high |
χίλιοι δὲ Φωκέων ἐφύλασσον μὲν τὴν ἀτραπὸν ἐν τῇ Οἴτῃ, προσέστω δὲ τῷ παντὶ Ἑλληνικῷ καὶ ὁ ἀριθμὸς ὁ τούτων.
The second clause is a jussive addition: the number of these (the thousand Phocians) is to be included in the total Greek force; μέν/δέ links the two clauses.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | χίλιοι | χίλιοι | NUM | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐφύλασσον | nsubj | high | Substantivized numeral, subject of ἐφύλασσον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 4 ἐφύλασσον | cc | high | |
| 3 | Φωκέων | Φωκεύς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 χίλιοι | nmod | high | Partitive/appositional genitive with χίλιοι. |
| 4 | ἐφύλασσον | φυλάσσω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D | _ | 4 ἐφύλασσον | discourse | high | Correlative μέν, answered by δέ at token 13. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀτραπὸν | det | high | |
| 7 | ἀτραπὸν | ἀτραπός | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐφύλασσον | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 10 Οἴτῃ | case | high | |
| 9 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Οἴτῃ | det | high | |
| 10 | Οἴτῃ | Οἴτη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀτραπὸν | obl | high | Location adjunct modifying ἀτραπὸν/φυλάσσω. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐφύλασσον | punct | high | |
| 12 | προσέστω | πρόσεστι | VERB | V-PAM-3S | Mood=Imperative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 4 ἐφύλασσον | parataxis | medium | Jussive/imperatival second clause: let it be added. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 12 προσέστω | cc | high | |
| 14 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Ἑλληνικῷ | det | high | |
| 15 | παντὶ | πᾶς | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Ἑλληνικῷ | amod | high | |
| 16 | Ἑλληνικῷ | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 προσέστω | obl | high | Dative of reference/association: the whole Greek force. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 19 ἀριθμὸς | cc | high | Coordinates the subject phrase ὁ ἀριθμός ὁ τούτων with the preceding implied/expressed total. |
| 18 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἀριθμὸς | det | high | |
| 19 | ἀριθμὸς | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 προσέστω | nsubj | high | Subject of προσέστω. |
| 20 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 τούτων | det | high | Article introducing the substantival genitive phrase. |
| 21 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | D-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἀριθμὸς | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ἀριθμός; article-plus-genitive is substantival, 'the number of these'. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 προσέστω | punct | high |