Grammar parses for passage 10.20.2
Open translation for this passage
τεκμήρασθαι δὲ ἀριθμὸν καὶ τούτων ἔστιν ἐγγύτατα τοῦ ἀληθοῦς·
The syntax is somewhat compressed: the infinitive τεκμήρασθαι is treated substantively as the subject of ἔστιν, with ἀριθμὸν καὶ τούτων as its internal complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τεκμήρασθαι | τεκμαίρομαι | VERB | V--PNM--- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 6 ἔστιν | nsubj | medium | Infinitive used substantively, functioning as subject of ἔστιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 6 ἔστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἀριθμὸν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 τεκμήρασθαι | obj | medium | Likely object/complement of τεκμήρασθαι: 'to infer a number'. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 τούτων | cc | high | Coordinates with the following genitive pronoun. |
| 5 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | PD----GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἀριθμὸν | conj | high | Coordinated with ἀριθμὸν under the infinitival phrase; genitive partitive/attributive sense possible. |
| 6 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb; syntactic root. |
| 7 | ἐγγύτατα | ἐγγύτατα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 6 ἔστιν | advmod | high | Superlative adverb meaning 'most nearly'. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | G-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ἀληθοῦς | det | high | Article modifying ἀληθοῦς. |
| 9 | ἀληθοῦς | ἀληθής | ADJ | A-S---G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἔστιν | obl | medium | Genitive complement in the comparative phrase; form can be parsed as adjective used substantively. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔστιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἐς Μαραθῶνα γὰρ Ἀθηναῖοι σὺν ἡλικίᾳ τε τῇ ἀχρείῳ καὶ δούλοις ἐνακισχιλίων ἀφίκοντο οὐ πλείους,
The phrase οὐ πλείους is best taken as a predicative/comparative remark about the subject’s number, with ἐνακισχιλίων expressing the comparison base.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 2 Μαραθῶνα | case | high | Governed by Μαραθῶνα. |
| 2 | Μαραθῶνα | Μαραθών | PROPN | Ne-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀφίκοντο | obl | high | Place name object of the preposition. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | D-------- | _ | 13 ἀφίκοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 4 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | NOUN | Nb-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἀφίκοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀφίκοντο. |
| 5 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 6 ἡλικίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing ἡλικίᾳ. |
| 6 | ἡλικίᾳ | ἡλικία | NOUN | Nb-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἀφίκοντο | obl | high | Part of a comitative phrase with σὺν. |
| 7 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 6 ἡλικίᾳ | cc | medium | Enclitic connective linking coordinated complements. |
| 8 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | P-3s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ἀχρείῳ | det | high | Article modifying ἀχρείῳ. |
| 9 | ἀχρείῳ | ἀχρεῖος | ADJ | A-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἡλικίᾳ | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ἡλικίᾳ. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 δούλοις | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 11 | δούλοις | δοῦλος | NOUN | Nb-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἡλικίᾳ | conj | high | Coordinated with ἡλικίᾳ as another comitative complement. |
| 12 | ἐνακισχιλίων | ἐνακισχίλιοι | NUM | Ac-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 15 πλείους | nummod | high | Genitive numeral modifying πλείους. |
| 13 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-3paim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 14 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 15 πλείους | advmod | high | Negates the comparative. |
| 15 | πλείους | πολύς | ADJ | A-p---cmp- | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἀφίκοντο | advmod | medium | Comparative used adverbially/predicatively with implied subject count; morphology somewhat uncertain. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
φαίνονται δὲ οὐδὲ οὗτοι τὸν χρόνον πάντα ἐπὶ τῇ φρουρᾷ τῶν Πυλῶν καταμείναντες· πλὴν γὰρ Λακεδαιμονίων τε αὐτῶν καὶ Θεσπιέων καὶ Μυκηναίων προαπέλιπον τὸ πέρας τῆς μάχης οἱ λοιποί.
The first clause uses a participial construction with an accusative of duration; the second clause has an exceptional/exceptive phrase introduced by πλήν and a coordinated genitive list.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φαίνονται | φαίνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 φαίνονται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 οὗτοι | cc | high | Connects with preceding negation, likely 'not even'. |
| 4 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | PD-P---NP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 1 φαίνονται | nsubj | high | Subject of φαίνονται. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA--ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 χρόνον | det | high | Article with χρόνον. |
| 6 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 καταμείναντες | obj | medium | Accusative of extent of time with καταμείναντες. |
| 7 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-APM--- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 χρόνον | amod | medium | Agrees with χρόνον; form could also be adverbial in some contexts. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 10 φρουρᾷ | case | high | Preposition governing φρουρᾷ. |
| 9 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA--DSF | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 φρουρᾷ | det | high | Article with φρουρᾷ. |
| 10 | φρουρᾷ | φρουρά | NOUN | N-DS---F- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 καταμείναντες | obl | high | Prepositional oblique modifying καταμείναντες. |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA--GP- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 Πυλῶν | det | high | Article with Πυλῶν. |
| 12 | Πυλῶν | Πύλαι | PROPN | N-P---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 φρουρᾷ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of φρουρᾷ. |
| 13 | καταμείναντες | καταμένω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 φαίνονται | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying φαίνονται. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 φαίνονται | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 15 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | R | _ | 24 προαπέλιπον | mark | medium | Likely introduces exception/contrast with the following clause. |
| 16 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 24 προαπέλιπον | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 17 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 προαπέλιπον | obl | high | Part of genitive phrase dependent on προαπέλιπον. |
| 18 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 17 Λακεδαιμονίων | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 19 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 Λακεδαιμονίων | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier, likely intensive/appositive to Λακεδαιμονίων. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 Θεσπιέων | cc | high | Connects coordinated genitives. |
| 21 | Θεσπιέων | Θεσπιεύς | PROPN | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 Λακεδαιμονίων | conj | high | Coordinated with Λακεδαιμονίων. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 Μυκηναίων | cc | high | Connects coordinated genitives. |
| 23 | Μυκηναίων | Μυκηναῖος | PROPN | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 Λακεδαιμονίων | conj | high | Coordinated with Λακεδαιμονίων. |
| 24 | προαπέλιπον | προαπολείπω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second clause. |
| 25 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA--ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 πέρας | det | high | Article with πέρας. |
| 26 | πέρας | πέρας | NOUN | N-AS---N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 προαπέλιπον | obj | high | Direct object of προαπέλιπον. |
| 27 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA--GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 μάχης | det | high | Article with μάχης. |
| 28 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-GS---F- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 πέρας | nmod | high | Genitive complement of πέρας. |
| 29 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA--NPM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 30 λοιποί | det | high | Article with λοιποί. |
| 30 | λοιποί | λοιπός | ADJ | A-NPM--- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 προαπέλιπον | nsubj | high | Subject of προαπέλιπον. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 προαπέλιπον | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |