Grammar parses for passage 10.20.2
Open translation for this passage
τεκμήρασθαι δὲ ἀριθμὸν καὶ τούτων ἔστιν ἐγγύτατα τοῦ ἀληθοῦς·
Infinitival clause with τεκμήρασθαι as the understood subject of ἔστιν; ἀριθμόν is its object, while τούτων is a partitive genitive and τοῦ ἀληθοῦς a genitive complement with ἐγγύτατα. The exact construction is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τεκμήρασθαι | τεκμαίρομαι | VERB | V--MNAI | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 6 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | Aorist middle infinitive, functioning as the clausal subject of ἔστιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἔστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀριθμὸν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N--SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 τεκμήρασθαι | obj | high | Accusative object of τεκμήρασθαι. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 τούτων | cc | medium | Coordinates the following genitive phrase with the preceding context; attachment is somewhat elliptical. |
| 5 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | PD----GNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 3 ἀριθμὸν | nmod | medium | Partitive genitive dependent on ἀριθμόν; neuter plural refers to the items previously mentioned. |
| 6 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular finite verb and sentence root. |
| 7 | ἐγγύτατα | ἐγγύς | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 6 ἔστιν | advmod | high | Superlative adverb, ‘most nearly’. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L----GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ἀληθοῦς | det | high | Article introducing the substantivized genitive adjective. |
| 9 | ἀληθοῦς | ἀληθής | ADJ | A----GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐγγύτατα | obl | medium | Substantivized genitive, ‘of the truth’; its complement relation to ἐγγύτατα is elliptical. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐς Μαραθῶνα γὰρ Ἀθηναῖοι σὺν ἡλικίᾳ τε τῇ ἀχρείῳ καὶ δούλοις ἐνακισχιλίων ἀφίκοντο οὐ πλείους,
The sentence has an omitted numerical predicate: οὐ πλείους [ἦσαν/ἀφίκοντο] ἐνακισχιλίων, ‘not more than nine thousand’; ἐνακισχιλίων is a genitive of measure/quantity with πλείους. ἡλικίᾳ τῇ ἀχρείῳ is a dative instrumental/grouping phrase, probably ‘the useless age-group’; δούλοις is coordinated by τε καὶ with ἡλικίᾳ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 2 Μαραθῶνα | case | high | Attic/Ionic form of εἰς. |
| 2 | Μαραθῶνα | Μαραθών | PROPN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀφίκοντο | obl | high | Place-name governed by ἐς. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἀφίκοντο | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 4 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἀφίκοντο | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally as subject. |
| 5 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | PREP | Case=Dat | 6 ἡλικίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 6 | ἡλικίᾳ | ἡλικία | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἀφίκοντο | obl | medium | Dative with σύν, likely instrumental or collective accompaniment. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἡλικίᾳ | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 8 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀχρείῳ | det | high | Article agreeing with ἀχρείῳ. |
| 9 | ἀχρείῳ | ἀχρεῖος | ADJ | A--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἡλικίᾳ | amod | high | Adjective modifying ἡλικίᾳ. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 δούλοις | cc | high | Coordinates δούλοις with the σύν phrase. |
| 11 | δούλοις | δοῦλος | NOUN | N--DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἡλικίᾳ | conj | medium | Coordinated dative accompaniment under σύν, with σύν understood. |
| 12 | ἐνακισχιλίων | ἐνακισχίλιοι | NUM | M--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 πλείους | nmod | medium | Genitive of measure/quantity: ‘of nine thousand’; exact numeral parsing is conventionalized. |
| 13 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V--AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle, ‘they arrived’; subject Ἀθηναῖοι. |
| 14 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | _ | 15 πλείους | advmod | high | Negates the comparative phrase. |
| 15 | πλείους | πολύς | ADJ | A--NAM- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἀφίκοντο | advmod | medium | Accusative comparative used adverbially with an omitted quantity/complement; genitive ἐνακισχιλίων supplies the measure. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τὸ οὖν μάχιμον Λοκρῶν τὸ ἐς Θερμοπύλας ἐλθὸν οὐκ ἂν ὑπέρ γε ἑξακισχιλίους ἀριθμοίη τις.
The neuter substantivized μάχιμον is the subject, with τὸ ἐς Θερμοπύλας ἐλθόν specifying the contingent that came to Thermopylae; ἀριθμοίη is a potential optative with ἄν, and τις is its indefinite subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 μάχιμον | det | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 14 ἀριθμοίη | advmod | high | Inferential connective. |
| 3 | μάχιμον | μάχιμος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἀριθμοίη | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, 'the fighting force'. |
| 4 | Λοκρῶν | Λοκρός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 μάχιμον | nmod | high | Genitive of belonging. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐλθὸν | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Θερμοπύλας | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 7 | Θερμοπύλας | Θερμοπύλαι | PROPN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ἐλθὸν | obl | high | |
| 8 | ἐλθὸν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 μάχιμον | acl | high | Aorist active participle agreeing with μάχιμον. |
| 9 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 14 ἀριθμοίη | advmod | high | |
| 10 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | D-------- | _ | 14 ἀριθμοίη | aux | high | Potential particle governing the optative. |
| 11 | ὑπέρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 ἑξακισχιλίους | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 12 | γε | γε | PART | D-------- | _ | 13 ἑξακισχιλίους | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 13 | ἑξακισχιλίους | ἑξακισχίλιοι | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀριθμοίη | obj | high | Substantivized numeral adjective, 'six thousand [men]'. |
| 14 | ἀριθμοίη | ἀριθμέω | VERB | V-PAO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Potential optative with ἄν: 'one could count/number'. |
| 15 | τις | τις | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 14 ἀριθμοίη | nsubj | high | Indefinite subject, 'someone/one'. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἀριθμοίη | punct | high |
φαίνονται δὲ οὐδὲ οὗτοι τὸν χρόνον πάντα ἐπὶ τῇ φρουρᾷ τῶν Πυλῶν καταμείναντες· πλὴν γὰρ Λακεδαιμονίων τε αὐτῶν καὶ Θεσπιέων καὶ Μυκηναίων προαπέλιπον τὸ πέρας τῆς μάχης οἱ λοιποί.
The participle καταμείναντες is circumstantial with φαίνονται, and the second clause supplies the explanation: all except the named contingents left before the battle's end. οὐδὲ scopes over οὗτοι; πάντα is an adverbial accusative modifying καταμείναντες.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φαίνονται | φαίνομαι | VERB | V-3PPI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Personal φαίνομαι with participial complement. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | PTCL | _ | 1 φαίνονται | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | PART | PTCL | _ | 4 οὗτοι | advmod | high | Negative additive particle. |
| 4 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 φαίνονται | nsubj | high | Demonstrative subject of φαίνονται. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | DA-SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 χρόνον | det | high | |
| 6 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 καταμείναντες | obl | high | Accusative duration. |
| 7 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADV | A-SAN | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 καταμείναντες | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘all the time’; formally agrees with χρόνον in sense but is treated adverbially. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 10 φρουρᾷ | case | high | |
| 9 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | DD-SAF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 φρουρᾷ | det | high | |
| 10 | φρουρᾷ | φρουρά | NOUN | N-SDF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 καταμείναντες | obl | high | ἐπί with dative: duty/activity of guarding. |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | DA-PGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 Πυλῶν | det | high | |
| 12 | Πυλῶν | Πύλαι | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 φρουρᾷ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on φρουρά. |
| 13 | καταμείναντες | καταμένω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 φαίνονται | xcomp | high | Circumstantial aorist participle, subject controlled by οὗτοι. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 φαίνονται | punct | high | |
| 15 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | P | _ | 17 Λακεδαιμονίων | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive exception phrase. |
| 16 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | PTCL | _ | 24 προαπέλιπον | cc | high | Explanatory postpositive particle. |
| 17 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 προαπέλιπον | obl | high | First member of the genitive exception coordination. |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | PTCL | _ | 17 Λακεδαιμονίων | cc | high | |
| 19 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 Λακεδαιμονίων | appos | high | Intensive/appositional ‘the Lacedaemonians themselves’. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 Θεσπιέων | cc | high | |
| 21 | Θεσπιέων | Θεσπιεύς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 προαπέλιπον | obl | high | Coordinated genitive exception. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 Μυκηναίων | cc | high | |
| 23 | Μυκηναίων | Μυκηναῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 προαπέλιπον | obl | high | Coordinated genitive exception. |
| 24 | προαπέλιπον | προαπολείπω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 φαίνονται | conj | high | Finite explanatory clause coordinated with the main predicate. |
| 25 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | DA-SAN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 πέρας | det | high | |
| 26 | πέρας | πέρας | NOUN | N-SAN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 προαπέλιπον | obj | high | Accusative temporal endpoint: ‘the end’. |
| 27 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | DG-SF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 μάχης | det | high | |
| 28 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 πέρας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πέρας. |
| 29 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | DNPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 λοιποί | det | high | Substantivized article. |
| 30 | λοιποί | λοιπός | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 προαπέλιπον | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, subject of προαπέλιπον. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 προαπέλιπον | punct | high |