Grammar parses for passage 10.19.10
Open translation for this passage
Γαλατῶν δὲ τοῖς ἱππεύουσιν ἀγῶνος συνεστηκότος ὑπομένοντες τῆς τάξεως ὄπισθεν οἱ οἰκέται τοσάδε σφίσιν ἐγίνοντο χρήσιμοι·
The syntax is loose and somewhat compressed: there are two circumstantial participial constructions before the main clause, and ὄπισθεν τῆς τάξεως is best treated as a locative phrase modifying the main event.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Γαλατῶν | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 συνεστηκότος | nsubj | medium | Genitive absolute participial subject; ethnic name treated as proper noun. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 6 συνεστηκότος | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-AP---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἱππεύουσιν | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 4 | ἱππεύουσιν | ἱππεύω | VERB | V-PAI-PDM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 συνεστηκότος | obl | high | Dative participle forming a genitive absolute-like circumstantial clause. |
| 5 | ἀγῶνος | ἀγών | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 συνεστηκότος | nsubj | high | Subject of the participle συνεστηκότος in genitive absolute. |
| 6 | συνεστηκότος | συνίστημι | VERB | V-RAP-SMG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἐγίνοντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle modifying the main clause. |
| 7 | ὑπομένοντες | ὑπομένω | VERB | V-PAP-PMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἐγίνοντο | advcl | medium | Circumstantial nominative participle, likely referring to οἱ οἰκέται. |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 τάξεως | det | high | Article modifying τάξεως. |
| 9 | τάξεως | τάξις | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ὄπισθεν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ὄπισθεν. |
| 10 | ὄπισθεν | ὄπισθεν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 ἐγίνοντο | obl | medium | Postpositive adverb/preposition-like locative phrase; governs genitive τάξεως. |
| 11 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 οἰκέται | det | high | Article with substantive noun. |
| 12 | οἰκέται | οἰκέτης | NOUN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἐγίνοντο | nsubj | high | Main-clause subject. |
| 13 | τοσάδε | τοσόσδε | DET | Pd-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 χρήσιμοι | obj | medium | Neuter plural accusative used substantively: 'so many things / such measures'. |
| 14 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 χρήσιμοι | iobj | high | Dative of advantage/reference. |
| 15 | ἐγίνοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 16 | χρήσιμοι | χρήσιμος | ADJ | A-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἐγίνοντο | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with γίγνομαι. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐγίνοντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
εἰ δὲ ἀμφοτέρους ἐπιλάβοι τὸ χρεών, ἐνταῦθα ἕτοιμος ἦν ἱππεύς.
The apodosis is a copular clause with ἦν as root; ἱππεύς is the nominal subject and ἕτοιμος the predicate adjective. The protasis is somewhat compressed, with χρεών functioning as the subject of ἐπιλάβοι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | _ | _ | 4 ἐπιλάβοι | mark | high | Conditional particle introducing protasis. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἐπιλάβοι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀμφοτέρους | ἀμφότερος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐπιλάβοι | obj | medium | Accusative masculine plural; object of ἐπιλάβοι. |
| 4 | ἐπιλάβοι | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 ἦν | advcl | high | Optative in conditional clause. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 χρεών | det | high | Article with χρεών. |
| 6 | χρεών | χρεών | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐπιλάβοι | nsubj | medium | Probable subject of ἐπιλάβοι; neuter nominative singular. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐπιλάβοι | punct | high | Comma. |
| 8 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | _ | _ | 10 ἦν | advmod | high | Locative adverb modifying ἦν. |
| 9 | ἕτοιμος | ἕτοιμος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with ἦν; treated as complement. |
| 10 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of apodosis. |
| 11 | ἱππεύς | ἱππεύς | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἕτοιμος | nsubj | medium | Subject of copular predication. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἦν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
λαμβανόντων δὲ τραύματα αὐτῶν, ὁ μὲν ὑπεξῆγε τῶν δούλων ἐς τὸ στρατόπεδον τὸν τραυματίαν, ὁ δὲ καθίστατο ἐς τὴν τάξιν ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀπελθόντος.
Two main clauses are coordinated with μὲν ... δὲ; each has a finite verb, and the opening genitive absolute sets the circumstance.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λαμβανόντων | λαμβάνω | VERB | PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ὑπεξῆγε | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 8 ὑπεξῆγε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | τραύματα | τραῦμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 λαμβανόντων | obj | high | Object of the participle. |
| 4 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-PG3P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 3 τραύματα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of τραύματα, indicating possession. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ὑπεξῆγε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ὑπεξῆγε | nsubj | medium | Article used substantivally with omitted noun or as demonstrative-like subject. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 6 ὁ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 8 | ὑπεξῆγε | ὑπεξάγω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first coordinated clause. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 δούλων | det | high | Article with δούλων. |
| 10 | δούλων | δοῦλος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ὑπεξῆγε | obl | high | Partitive/source genitive with ὑπεξῆγε. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 8 ὑπεξῆγε | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-ASN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 στρατόπεδον | det | high | Article with στρατόπεδον. |
| 13 | στρατόπεδον | στρατόπεδον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ὑπεξῆγε | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 14 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 τραυματίαν | det | high | Article with τραυματίαν. |
| 15 | τραυματίαν | τραυματίας | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ὑπεξῆγε | obj | high | Direct object of ὑπεξῆγε. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ὑπεξῆγε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 καθίστατο | nsubj | medium | Article used substantivally with omitted noun or as subject. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 19 καθίστατο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 19 | καθίστατο | καθίστημι | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated main verb. |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 19 καθίστατο | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 21 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 τάξιν | det | high | Article with τάξιν. |
| 22 | τάξιν | τάξις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 καθίστατο | obl | high | Goal/resultative complement with ἐς. |
| 23 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | _ | _ | 19 καθίστατο | case | high | Preposition introducing substitution phrase. |
| 24 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-GSN | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ἀπελθόντος | det | high | Article with ἀπελθόντος. |
| 25 | ἀπελθόντος | ἀπέρχομαι | VERB | AAP-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 καθίστατο | obl | medium | Genitive participle after ἀντὶ; likely substantival ('of the one who had gone away'). |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 καθίστατο | punct | high | Punctuation. |