Grammar parses for passage 10.19.9
Open translation for this passage
ὁ δὲ ἀθροισθεὶς στρατὸς πεζοὶ μὲν μυριάδες ἐγένοντο πεντεκαίδεκα προσόντων σφίσι δισχιλίων, οἱ δὲ ἱππεύοντες τετρακόσιοι καὶ δισμύριοι.
The sentence has a nominative subject στρατός with a passive participial modifier; πεζοὶ μυριάδες ... ἐγένοντο gives the infantry count, while the final οἱ ἱππεύοντες clause is an elliptical coordinated count. The agreement of ἀθροισθείς with στρατός is morphologically masculine singular; πεζοί is substantivized and coordinated with μυριάδες in sense.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Sg-Mas | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 στρατὸς | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 8 ἐγένοντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀθροισθεὶς | ἀθροίζω | VERB | V-APP-Nom-Sg-Mas | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 4 στρατὸς | acl | high | |
| 4 | στρατὸς | στρατός | NOUN | N-Nom-Sg-Mas | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐγένοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | πεζοὶ | πεζός | ADJ | A-Nom-Pl-Mas | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 μυριάδες | amod | medium | Substantivized; denotes infantry and forms the first member of the numerical coordination. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 8 ἐγένοντο | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with following δέ. |
| 7 | μυριάδες | μυριάς | NOUN | N-Nom-Pl-Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ἐγένοντο | nsubj | medium | Numerical subject/predicate phrase; πεζοί is substantivized and modifies it in sense. |
| 8 | ἐγένοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Plural agrees with μυριάδες; στρατός is the preceding collective subject. |
| 9 | πεντεκαίδεκα | πεντεκαίδεκα | NUM | M-NUI | NumType=Card | 7 μυριάδες | nummod | high | |
| 10 | προσόντων | πάρειμι | VERB | V-PAP-Gen-Pl | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 δισχιλίων | acl | medium | Genitive absolute-like participle, with σφίσι as dative associate; supplies an additional contingent of two thousand. |
| 11 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DS3P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 10 προσόντων | iobj | medium | Reflexive/third-person plural pronoun; dative with προσόντων. |
| 12 | δισχιλίων | δισχίλιοι | NUM | M-GPN | Case=Gen|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 10 προσόντων | nsubj | medium | Genitive plural numeral functioning as the understood subject of προσόντων. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐγένοντο | punct | high | |
| 14 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Pl-Mas | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἱππεύοντες | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 16 ἱππεύοντες | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 16 | ἱππεύοντες | ἱππεύω | VERB | V-PAP-Nom-Pl-Mas | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 τετρακόσιοι | nsubj | high | Substantivized participle, ‘those serving as cavalry’; elliptical numerical predicate follows. |
| 17 | τετρακόσιοι | τετρακόσιοι | NUM | M-NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 19 δισμύριοι | nummod | high | Part of the coordinated cavalry total. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 17 τετρακόσιοι | cc | high | |
| 19 | δισμύριοι | δισμύριοι | NUM | M-NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 16 ἱππεύοντες | conj | medium | Numeral coordinated with τετρακόσιοι; the construction is elliptical and likely expresses the combined cavalry count. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐγένοντο | punct | high |
τοσοῦτοι μὲν ἦσαν τῶν ἱππέων τὸ ἀεὶ ἐνεργόν, ἀριθμὸς δὲ αὐτῶν ὁ ἀληθὴς διακόσιοί τε καὶ χίλιοι καὶ ἓξ μυριάδες·
The passage contains an initial copular clause and a second verbless clause after δέ; the latter is represented with ἀριθμός as a second root because basic UD permits only one root but the punctuation marks a separate clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοσοῦτοι | τοσοῦτος | ADJ | A--NomMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Predicative subject with ἦσαν; substantivized. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 3 ἦσαν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V3plia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L--GenMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἱππέων | det | high | |
| 5 | ἱππέων | ἱππεύς | NOUN | N--GenMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐνεργόν | obl | high | Partitive genitive with τὸ ἀεὶ ἐνεργόν. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L--NomNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐνεργόν | det | high | |
| 7 | ἀεὶ | ἀεί | ADV | D--------- | _ | 8 ἐνεργόν | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ἐνεργόν | ἐνεργός | ADJ | A--NomNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἦσαν | xcomp | medium | Substantivized neuter adjective, ‘the active/effective contingent’; linked predicatively to ἦσαν. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦσαν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἀριθμὸς | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N--NomMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second, verbless clause coordinated by δέ; treated as a second root. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 10 ἀριθμὸς | cc | high | |
| 12 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P---GenMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 10 ἀριθμὸς | nmod | high | Genitive of possession/specification. |
| 13 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L--NomMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀληθὴς | det | high | |
| 14 | ἀληθὴς | ἀληθής | ADJ | A--NomMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀριθμὸς | amod | high | Attributive adjective with ἀριθμός, separated by intervening phrase. |
| 15 | διακόσιοί | διακόσιοι | NUM | M--NomMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἀριθμὸς | nummod | high | Numeral phrase specifying ἀριθμός. |
| 16 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 15 διακόσιοί | cc | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 15 διακόσιοί | cc | high | |
| 18 | χίλιοι | χίλιοι | NUM | M--NomMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 διακόσιοί | conj | high | Coordinated numeral in the total. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 20 ἓξ | cc | high | |
| 20 | ἓξ | ἕξ | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 18 χίλιοι | conj | high | Further coordinated numeral, understood in the compound total. |
| 21 | μυριάδες | μυριάς | NOUN | N--NomFP | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 ἓξ | nmod | medium | Plural unit noun in the numeral expression; agreement and attachment are syntactically compressed. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀριθμὸς | punct | high |
δύο γὰρ οἰκέται περὶ ἕκαστον τῶν ἱππευόντων ἦσαν, ἀγαθοὶ καὶ αὐτοὶ τὰ ἱππικὰ καὶ ἵππους ὁμοίως ἔχοντες.
The coordinated nominative participles/adjective (ἀγαθοὶ ... ἔχοντες) predicate the subject οἰκέται; περὶ ἕκαστον τῶν ἱππευόντων means 'around each of the riders.'
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δύο | δύο | NUM | ADJ/NUM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 οἰκέται | nummod | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PART | _ | 8 ἦσαν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | οἰκέται | οἰκέτης | NOUN | N--MPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | περὶ | περί | ADP | P--G | _ | 5 ἕκαστον | case | high | |
| 5 | ἕκαστον | ἕκαστος | PRON | A--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἱππευόντων | obl | high | Substantivized/elliptical with περὶ: around each of the riders. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἱππευόντων | det | high | |
| 7 | ἱππευόντων | ἱππεύω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἕκαστον | nmod | high | Substantivized present participle, 'those riding'. |
| 8 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἦσαν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἀγαθοὶ | ἀγαθός | ADJ | A--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 οἰκέται | amod | high | Predicative adjective coordinated with the participial predicates. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἀγαθοὶ | cc | high | |
| 12 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | A--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 18 ἔχοντες | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject of ἔχοντες. |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἱππικὰ | det | high | |
| 14 | ἱππικὰ | ἱππικός | ADJ | A--APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἔχοντες | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, 'equestrian equipment/skills'. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἔχοντες | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἵππους | ἵππος | NOUN | N--APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἔχοντες | obj | high | |
| 17 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 18 ἔχοντες | advmod | high | |
| 18 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Coordinated predicative participle: being good at equestrian matters and having horses likewise. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἦσαν | punct | high |