Grammar parses for passage 10.19.4
Open translation for this passage
τὰ δὲ ἐν τοῖς ἀετοῖς, ἔστιν Ἄρτεμις καὶ Λητὼ καὶ Ἀπόλλων καὶ Μοῦσαι δύσις τε Ἡλίου καὶ Διόνυσός τε καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες αἱ Θυιάδες.
The neuter plural τὰ is a resumptive subject/topic for the following copular identification; ἔστιν is singular despite a coordinated nominal predicate. The phrase αἱ γυναῖκες αἱ Θυιάδες is an appositional identification, while δύσις Ἡλίου is coordinated within the list.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T---NA-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter plural article, resumptive subject/topic. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἔστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 ἀετοῖς | case | high | |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T---ND-P- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀετοῖς | det | high | |
| 5 | ἀετοῖς | ἀετός | NOUN | N-DM-P--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἔστιν | obl | high | Prepositional setting: ‘on/in the eagles’. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔστιν | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-3PAI-S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copula; singular form with coordinated nominal predicate. |
| 8 | Ἄρτεμις | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | Ne----1- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔστιν | xcomp | high | First coordinated predicate nominative. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 Λητὼ | cc | high | |
| 10 | Λητὼ | Λητώ | PROPN | Ne----1- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Ἄρτεμις | conj | high | Coordinated predicate nominative. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 Ἀπόλλων | cc | high | |
| 12 | Ἀπόλλων | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | Ne----1- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Λητὼ | conj | high | Coordinated predicate nominative. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 Μοῦσαι | cc | high | |
| 14 | Μοῦσαι | Μοῦσα | PROPN | Ne----1- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 Ἀπόλλων | conj | high | Plural predicate nominative; name of the Muses. |
| 15 | δύσις | δύσις | NOUN | N----1--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 Μοῦσαι | conj | medium | Coordinated item in the identification list; could alternatively be attached directly to the copula. |
| 16 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 δύσις | cc | high | Enclitic coordinator linking δύσις with Ἡλίου. |
| 17 | Ἡλίου | Ἥλιος | PROPN | Ne----2- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 δύσις | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δύσις: sunset of the Sun. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 Διόνυσός | cc | high | |
| 19 | Διόνυσός | Διόνυσος | PROPN | Ne----1- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 δύσις | conj | high | Coordinated predicate nominative; oxytone accent is retained before τε. |
| 20 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 Διόνυσός | cc | high | Enclitic coordinator. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 γυναῖκες | cc | high | |
| 22 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T---NF-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 γυναῖκες | det | high | |
| 23 | γυναῖκες | γυνή | NOUN | N---NF-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 Διόνυσός | conj | high | Coordinated nominal predicate, further specified by αἱ Θυιάδες. |
| 24 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T---NF-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 25 Θυιάδες | det | high | Repeated article introducing attributive/appositional specification. |
| 25 | Θυιάδες | Θυιάς | NOUN | N---NF-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 γυναῖκες | appos | high | Appositional specification: the Thyiads. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔστιν | punct | high |
τὰ μὲν δὴ πρῶτα αὐτῶν Ἀθηναῖος Πραξίας μαθητὴς Καλάμιδός ἐστιν ὁ ἐργασάμενος· χρόνου δὲ ὡς ὁ ναὸς ἐποιεῖτο ἐγγινομένου Πραξίαν μὲν ἔμελλεν ἀπάξειν τὸ χρεών, τὰ δὲ ὑπολειπόμενα τοῦ ἐν τοῖς ἀετοῖς κόσμου ἐποίησεν Ἀνδροσθένης , γένος μὲν καὶ οὗτος Ἀθηναῖος, μαθητὴς δὲ Εὐκάδμου.
Two coordinated clauses: Πραξίας is the subject of ἐστιν and ὁ ἐργασάμενος is a substantival articular participle; in the second, ὡς introduces a temporal genitive absolute, while Πραξίαν is the accusative subject of the infinitive ἀπάξειν under ἔμελλεν. The final clause is an elliptical identification (γένος ... Ἀθηναῖος, μαθητὴς ...).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 πρῶτα | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 4 πρῶτα | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X | _ | 10 ἐστιν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | πρῶτα | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἐστιν | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, ‘the first [parts/things]’; adverbial interpretation is also possible. |
| 5 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 4 πρῶτα | nmod | high | |
| 6 | Ἀθηναῖος | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Πραξίας | appos | high | Ethnic adjective used substantivally. |
| 7 | Πραξίας | Πραξίας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | μαθητὴς | μαθητής | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Πραξίας | appos | high | Predicate/appositional noun identifying Πραξίας. |
| 9 | Καλάμιδός | Καλάμις | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 μαθητὴς | nmod | high | |
| 10 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐργασάμενος | det | high | |
| 12 | ἐργασάμενος | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | V-AMP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 10 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Substantival articular participle, ‘the one who made [them]’. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 14 | χρόνου | χρόνος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐγγινομένου | nsubj | medium | Subject of the genitive absolute with ἐγγινομένου. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | X | _ | 23 ἔμελλεν | cc | high | |
| 16 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | X | _ | 19 ἐποιεῖτο | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 17 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ναὸς | det | high | |
| 18 | ναὸς | ναός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἐποιεῖτο | nsubj | high | |
| 19 | ἐποιεῖτο | ποιέω | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 23 ἔμελλεν | advcl | high | Temporal subordinate clause. |
| 20 | ἐγγινομένου | ἐγγίγνομαι | VERB | V-PMP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 19 ἐποιεῖτο | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute participle; χρόνος is its subject. |
| 21 | Πραξίαν | Πραξίας | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἀπάξειν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 22 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 23 ἔμελλεν | discourse | high | |
| 23 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 36 ἐποίησεν | parataxis | high | Main verb of the Πραξίας μέν ... τὰ δέ contrast. |
| 24 | ἀπάξειν | ἀπάγω | VERB | V-FAI | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 23 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | |
| 25 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 χρεών | det | high | |
| 26 | χρεών | χρεών | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἀπάξειν | obj | medium | Nominalized necessity expression; construction can be read as ‘what was destined/ordained’. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἔμελλεν | punct | high | |
| 28 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 30 ὑπολειπόμενα | det | high | |
| 29 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | X | _ | 36 ἐποίησεν | cc | high | |
| 30 | ὑπολειπόμενα | ὑπολείπω | VERB | V-PPN-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 36 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | Substantival participle, ‘the parts left unfinished’. |
| 31 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 κόσμου | det | high | |
| 32 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 34 ἀετοῖς | case | high | |
| 33 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 34 ἀετοῖς | det | high | |
| 34 | ἀετοῖς | ἀετός | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 κόσμου | nmod | high | ‘Pediments’; masculine dative plural. |
| 35 | κόσμου | κόσμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ὑπολειπόμενα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τὰ ὑπολειπόμενα. |
| 36 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second coordinated finite predicate; first clause is linked paratactically. |
| 37 | Ἀνδροσθένης | Ἀνδροσθένης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 36 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | |
| 39 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 43 Ἀθηναῖος | nsubj | medium | Elliptical nominal clause, with Ἀθηναῖος as predicate. |
| 40 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 39 γένος | discourse | high | |
| 41 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | X | _ | 42 οὗτος | cc | high | |
| 42 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | D-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 43 Ἀθηναῖος | nsubj | high | Subject of the elliptical identification. |
| 43 | Ἀθηναῖος | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 ἐποίησεν | parataxis | medium | Predicate adjective in an elliptical clause: ‘he too was Athenian’. |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 36 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | |
| 45 | μαθητὴς | μαθητής | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 ἐποίησεν | parataxis | medium | Further elliptical predicate: ‘[he was] a pupil’. |
| 46 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | X | _ | 45 μαθητὴς | cc | high | |
| 47 | Εὐκάδμου | Εὔκαδμος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 45 μαθητὴς | nmod | high | |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 36 ἐποίησεν | punct | high |
ὅπλα δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν ἐπιστυλίων χρυσᾶ, Ἀθηναῖοι μὲν τὰς ἀσπίδας ἀπὸ τοῦ ἔργου τοῦ Μαραθῶνι ἀνέθεσαν, Αἰτωλοὶ δὲ τά τε ὄπισθεν καὶ τὰ ἐν ἀριστερᾷ Γαλατῶν δὴ ὅπλα· σχῆμα δὲ αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἐγγυτάτω τῶν Περσικῶν γέρρων.
Elliptical nominal opening: ὅπλα χρυσᾶ [were/displayed] ἐπὶ τῶν ἐπιστυλίων; ἀνέθεσαν governs τὰς ἀσπίδας, while the Aetolian coordinated objects are syntactically compressed and partly appositional. ἐγγυτάτω takes the genitive comparison phrase τῶν Περσικῶν γέρρων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅπλα | ὅπλον | NOUN | n-p---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 χρυσᾶ | nsubj | medium | Elliptical nominal clause; subject/predicate of omitted εἰσίν or equivalent. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 1 ὅπλα | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | r-------- | _ | 5 ἐπιστυλίων | case | high | With genitive. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπιστυλίων | det | high | |
| 5 | ἐπιστυλίων | ἐπιστύλιον | NOUN | n-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 χρυσᾶ | obl | high | |
| 6 | χρυσᾶ | χρυσοῦς | ADJ | a-p---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Predicate adjective in elliptical nominal clause. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 χρυσᾶ | punct | high | |
| 8 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἀνέθεσαν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 9 | μὲν | μέν | PART | q-------- | _ | 8 Ἀθηναῖοι | discourse | high | |
| 10 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | l-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ἀσπίδας | det | high | |
| 11 | ἀσπίδας | ἀσπίς | NOUN | n-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 ἀνέθεσαν | obj | high | |
| 12 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | r-------- | _ | 14 ἔργου | case | high | Source/occasion phrase with genitive. |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἔργου | det | high | |
| 14 | ἔργου | ἔργον | NOUN | n-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἀνέθεσαν | obl | high | |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 Μαραθῶνι | det | high | |
| 16 | Μαραθῶνι | Μαραθών | PROPN | n-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἔργου | nmod | medium | Locative dative: at Marathon; attached within the event phrase. |
| 17 | ἀνέθεσαν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | v3paia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 χρυσᾶ | parataxis | high | Finite clause coordinated after elliptical opening. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀνέθεσαν | punct | high | |
| 19 | Αἰτωλοὶ | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 ὅπλα | nsubj | medium | Ethnic name, subject of an elliptical clause introducing their weapons. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 19 Αἰτωλοὶ | cc | high | |
| 21 | τά | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 ὄπισθεν | det | high | |
| 22 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 23 ὄπισθεν | cc | high | |
| 23 | ὄπισθεν | ὄπισθεν | ADV | d-------- | _ | 30 ὅπλα | obj | medium | Substantivized adverb, ‘the rear ones/parts’. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 30 ὅπλα | cc | high | |
| 25 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 ἀριστερᾷ | det | high | |
| 26 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | r-------- | _ | 27 ἀριστερᾷ | case | high | With dative. |
| 27 | ἀριστερᾷ | ἀριστερός | ADJ | a-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 ὅπλα | obj | medium | Substantivized adjective, ‘the left-hand ones/parts’. |
| 28 | Γαλατῶν | Γαλάτης | PROPN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 ὅπλα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὅπλα: weapons of the Galatians. |
| 29 | δὴ | δή | PART | q-------- | _ | 30 ὅπλα | discourse | high | |
| 30 | ὅπλα | ὅπλον | NOUN | n-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἀνέθεσαν | conj | medium | Elliptical continuation after Αἰτωλοί; appositional/object-like ‘weapons’. |
| 31 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ὅπλα | punct | high | |
| 32 | σχῆμα | σχῆμα | NOUN | n-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 35 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 33 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 32 σχῆμα | cc | high | |
| 34 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | p-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 32 σχῆμα | nmod | high | Possessive genitive: their form/shape. |
| 35 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular clause; sentence has coordinated preceding material. |
| 36 | ἐγγυτάτω | ἐγγύς | ADV | d-------- | Degree=Sup | 35 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Superlative adverb, ‘as nearly as possible/closest’. |
| 37 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 39 γέρρων | det | high | |
| 38 | Περσικῶν | Περσικός | ADJ | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 39 γέρρων | amod | high | Substantivized adjective modifying γέρρων. |
| 39 | γέρρων | γέρρον | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 ἐγγυτάτω | obl | high | Genitive of comparison after ἐγγυτάτω. |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 ἐστιν | punct | high |