Grammar parses for passage 10.19.5
Open translation for this passage
Γαλατῶν δὲ τῆς ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐπιστρατείας ἔχει μέν τινα μνήμην καὶ ἡ ἐς τὸ βουλευτήριον ἡμῖν τὸ Ἀττικὸν συγγραφή· προάγειν δὲ ἐς τὸ σαφέστερον τὰ ἐς αὐτοὺς ἠθέλησα ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τῷ ἐς Δελφούς, ὅτι ἔργων τῶν ἐπὶ τοὺς βαρβάρους τὰ μέγιστα Ἕλλησιν ἐνταῦθα ἦν.
The sentence has two coordinated predicates: ἔχει governs μνήμην, while συγγραφή is the subject of ἔχει and is modified by the articular infinitive phrase ἡ ἐς τὸ βουλευτήριον ... συγγραφή; προάγειν is an infinitival complement of ἠθέλησα. The final ὅτι-clause gives the reason/content for the importance of the Delphi account; ἔργων is a partitive genitive with τὰ μέγιστα, and ἦν has τὰ μέγιστα as predicate nominative/accusative-like neuter plural subject, with Ἕλλησιν as dative of reference.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Γαλατῶν | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπιστρατείας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἐπιστρατείας. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 8 ἔχει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπιστρατείας | det | high | Articular genitive modifying ἐπιστρατείας. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 6 Ἑλλάδα | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | Determiner of Ἑλλάδα. |
| 6 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπιστρατείας | nmod | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 7 | ἐπιστρατείας | ἐπιστρατεία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 μνήμην | nmod | high | Genitive of the Galatian campaign, dependent on μνήμην. |
| 8 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite predicate. |
| 9 | μέν | μέν | PART | D | _ | 8 ἔχει | discourse | high | Correlative particle, paired with καί. |
| 10 | τινα | τις | DET | P-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 μνήμην | det | high | Indefinite determiner modifying μνήμην. |
| 11 | μνήμην | μνήμη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔχει | obj | high | Direct object of ἔχει. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἔχει | cc | high | Coordinates the second subject/construction. |
| 13 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 συγγραφή | det | high | Determiner of συγγραφή. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 16 βουλευτήριον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 βουλευτήριον | det | high | Determiner of βουλευτήριον. |
| 16 | βουλευτήριον | βουλευτήριον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐς | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 17 | ἡμῖν | ἐγώ | PRON | P-DP1 | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 20 συγγραφή | obl | high | Dative of possession/association with συγγραφή. |
| 18 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 Ἀττικὸν | det | high | Determiner of Ἀττικόν. |
| 19 | Ἀττικὸν | Ἀττικός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 βουλευτήριον | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, likely referring to the Attic account associated with the βουλευτήριον. |
| 20 | συγγραφή | συγγραφή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔχει | nsubj | high | Coordinated subject of ἔχει; modified by the preceding articular phrase. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | U | _ | 8 ἔχει | punct | high | Sentence-internal punctuation. |
| 22 | προάγειν | προάγω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 30 ἠθέλησα | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of ἠθέλησα. |
| 23 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 30 ἠθέλησα | cc | high | Connective particle. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 26 σαφέστερον | case | high | Preposition governing the articular accusative infinitive-like expression. |
| 25 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 σαφέστερον | det | high | Article nominalizing σαφέστερον. |
| 26 | σαφέστερον | σαφής | ADJ | A-ASN-C | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 προάγειν | obl | high | Articular comparative expression, 'into greater clarity'. |
| 27 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 30 ἠθέλησα | obj | medium | Substantive article introducing the matters to be clarified; coordinated/associated with ἐς αὐτούς. |
| 28 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 29 αὐτοὺς | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 29 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 27 τὰ | nmod | high | Reference to the Galatians, with ἐς. |
| 30 | ἠθέλησα | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-AAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 8 ἔχει | conj | high | First-person past predicate coordinated with the preceding clause. |
| 31 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 33 λόγῳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 32 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 33 λόγῳ | det | high | Determiner of λόγῳ. |
| 33 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ἠθέλησα | obl | high | Object of ἐν, specifying the work/discourse. |
| 34 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 33 λόγῳ | det | high | Article of the prepositional modifier. |
| 35 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 36 Δελφούς | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 36 | Δελφούς | Δελφοί | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 λόγῳ | nmod | high | Object of ἐς, specifying the discourse concerning Delphi. |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | U | _ | 30 ἠθέλησα | punct | high | Comma. |
| 38 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | G | _ | 48 ἦν | mark | high | Introduces causal/content clause. |
| 39 | ἔργων | ἔργον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 45 μέγιστα | nmod | medium | Partitive genitive dependent on τὰ μέγιστα. |
| 40 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 39 ἔργων | det | high | Determiner of ἔργων. |
| 41 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 43 βαρβάρους | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 42 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 43 βαρβάρους | det | high | Determiner of βαρβάρους. |
| 43 | βαρβάρους | βάρβαρος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 39 ἔργων | nmod | high | Object of ἐπί, modifying ἔργων. |
| 44 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 45 μέγιστα | det | high | Article with substantivized superlative. |
| 45 | μέγιστα | μέγας | ADJ | A-NPN-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 48 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural superlative, subject of ἦν; construction is impersonal/elliptical in sense. |
| 46 | Ἕλλησιν | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 48 ἦν | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/advantage, 'for the Greeks'. |
| 47 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D | _ | 48 ἦν | advmod | high | Locative adverb, 'here'. |
| 48 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 30 ἠθέλησα | ccomp | high | Finite predicate of the ὅτι-clause; singular agreement is syntactically unusual with neuter plural τὰ μέγιστα, perhaps an impersonal/elliptical construction. |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | U | _ | 30 ἠθέλησα | punct | high | Period. |
ὑπερόριον μὲν οἱ Κελτοὶ στρατείαν πρώτην ὑπὸ ἡγεμόνι ἐποιήσαντο Καμβαύλῃ· προελθόντες δὲ ἄχρι τῆς Θρᾴκης τὸ πρόσω τῆς πορείας οὐκ ἀπεθάρσησαν, καταγνόντες αὑτῶν ὅτι ὀλίγοι τε ἦσαν καὶ οὐκ ἀξιόμαχοι κατʼ ἀριθμὸν Ἕλλησιν.
Two coordinated clauses: Κελτοὶ is the subject of ἐποιήσαντο, while προελθόντες and καταγνόντες are subject-oriented participles with οἱ Κελτοί as understood subject; ὅτι introduces the content of καταγνόντες.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὑπερόριον | ὑπερόριος | ADJ | A--AS4N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 στρατείαν | amod | medium | Neuter accusative singular, substantivized or modifying στρατείαν in a quasi-adverbial expression; exact attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 9 ἐποιήσαντο | discourse | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | P---NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Κελτοὶ | det | high | |
| 4 | Κελτοὶ | Κελτός | PROPN | N--NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐποιήσαντο | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 5 | στρατείαν | στρατεία | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐποιήσαντο | obj | high | |
| 6 | πρώτην | πρῶτος | ADJ | A--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 στρατείαν | amod | high | |
| 7 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 ἡγεμόνι | case | high | With dative ἡγεμόνι, indicating the leader under whom the expedition was made. |
| 8 | ἡγεμόνι | ἡγεμών | NOUN | N--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐποιήσαντο | obl | high | |
| 9 | ἐποιήσαντο | ποιέω | VERB | V--AMI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle voice in the idiom ποιεῖσθαι στρατείαν, 'undertake an expedition'. |
| 10 | Καμβαύλῃ | Καμβαύλης | PROPN | N--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἡγεμόνι | appos | high | Personal name in apposition to ἡγεμόνι. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐποιήσαντο | punct | high | |
| 12 | προελθόντες | προέρχομαι | VERB | V--AAPNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ptcp|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 22 ἀπεθάρσησαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with Κελτοί as understood subject. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 ἀπεθάρσησαν | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἄχρι | ἄχρι | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Θρᾴκης | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive phrase τῆς Θρᾴκης. |
| 15 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | P---GF-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 Θρᾴκης | det | high | |
| 16 | Θρᾴκης | Θρᾴκη | PROPN | N--GF-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 προελθόντες | obl | high | |
| 17 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P---AS-N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 πρόσω | det | high | |
| 18 | πρόσω | πρόσω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 20 πορείας | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative-like form, 'further/onward', modifying πορείας. |
| 19 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | P---GF-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 πορείας | det | high | |
| 20 | πορείας | πορεία | NOUN | N--GF-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἀπεθάρσησαν | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on πρόσω in the expression 'farther in the journey/march'. |
| 21 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 22 ἀπεθάρσησαν | advmod | high | |
| 22 | ἀπεθάρσησαν | ἀποθαρσέω | VERB | V-AAI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated finite predicate; subject is Κελτοί. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἀπεθάρσησαν | punct | high | |
| 24 | καταγνόντες | καταγιγνώσκω | VERB | V--AAPNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ptcp|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 22 ἀπεθάρσησαν | advcl | high | Participial clause expressing reason or circumstance: 'having judged/concluded'. |
| 25 | αὑτῶν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P reflexive Gen Plur | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Rfl | 24 καταγνόντες | obj | medium | Reflexive genitive with καταγιγνώσκω, construed as judging/concluding about themselves; case usage is idiomatic. |
| 26 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 24 καταγνόντες | mark | high | Introduces content clause. |
| 27 | ὀλίγοι | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A--NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἦσαν. |
| 28 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 ὀλίγοι | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 29 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 24 καταγνόντες | ccomp | high | Finite verb of the ὅτι content clause. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 32 ἀξιόμαχοι | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate adjective. |
| 31 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 32 ἀξιόμαχοι | advmod | high | |
| 32 | ἀξιόμαχοι | ἀξιόμαχος | ADJ | A--NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Second predicate adjective coordinated with ὀλίγοι. |
| 33 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 34 ἀριθμὸν | case | high | With accusative ἀριθμόν, 'in respect of number'. |
| 34 | ἀριθμὸν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 ἀξιόμαχοι | obl | high | |
| 35 | Ἕλλησιν | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N--DMP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 ἀξιόμαχοι | obl | high | Dative of comparison with ἀξιόμαχοι. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἀπεθάρσησαν | punct | high |