Grammar parses for passage 10.19.5
Open translation for this passage
Γαλατῶν δὲ τῆς ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐπιστρατείας ἔχει μέν τινα μνήμην καὶ ἡ ἐς τὸ βουλευτήριον ἡμῖν τὸ Ἀττικὸν συγγραφή· προάγειν δὲ ἐς τὸ σαφέστερον τὰ ἐς αὐτοὺς ἠθέλησα ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τῷ ἐς Δελφούς, ὅτι ἔργων τῶν ἐπὶ τοὺς βαρβάρους τὰ μέγιστα Ἕλλησιν ἐνταῦθα ἦν.
The sentence has two main clauses linked by punctuation and a final ὅτι-clause; the second clause contains a somewhat elliptical infinitival/proleptic structure around προάγειν τὰ ἐς αὐτοὺς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Γαλατῶν | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἔχει | nsubj | medium | Genitive subject-like dependent of ἔχει; functioning as possessor/topic in this construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 8 ἔχει | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | B-NSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ἐπιστρατείας | det | high | Article with ἐπιστρατείας. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 ἐπιστρατείας | case | high | Preposition governing τὴν Ἑλλάδα. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | B-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | Article with Ἑλλάδα. |
| 6 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐς | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 7 | ἐπιστρατείας | ἐπιστρατεία | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 Γαλατῶν | nmod | high | Genitive complement of Γαλατῶν. |
| 8 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 9 | μέν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 8 ἔχει | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 10 | τινα | τις | DET | A-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 11 μνήμην | det | high | Indefinite determiner. |
| 11 | μνήμην | μνήμη | NOUN | N-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔχει | obj | high | Direct object of ἔχει. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἡ | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause subject. |
| 13 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | B-NSF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 συγγραφή | det | high | Article with συγγραφή. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 βουλευτήριον | case | high | Preposition governing βουλευτήριον. |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | B-ASN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 βουλευτήριον | det | high | Article with βουλευτήριον. |
| 16 | βουλευτήριον | βουλευτήριον | NOUN | N-ASN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 συγγραφή | nmod | high | Head of prepositional phrase modifying συγγραφή. |
| 17 | ἡμῖν | ἐγώ | PRON | P1-DP--- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 20 συγγραφή | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/advantage with συγγραφή. |
| 18 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | B-ASN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 Ἀττικὸν | det | high | Article with Ἀττικὸν, functioning substantivally with συγγραφή. |
| 19 | Ἀττικὸν | Ἀττικός | ADJ | A-ASN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 συγγραφή | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying συγγραφή. |
| 20 | συγγραφή | συγγραφή | NOUN | N-NSF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἡ | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔχει. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔχει | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 22 | προάγειν | προάγω | VERB | V--PAN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 30 ἠθέλησα | obj | medium | Complementary infinitive dependent on ἠθέλησα. |
| 23 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 30 ἠθέλησα | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 σαφέστερον | case | high | Preposition governing σαφέστερον. |
| 25 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | B-ASN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 σαφέστερον | det | high | Article with σαφέστερον used substantivally/adverbially. |
| 26 | σαφέστερον | σαφής | ADJ | A-ASN-CMP | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 προάγειν | obl | high | Prepositional complement of προάγειν. |
| 27 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | B-APN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 30 ἠθέλησα | obj | medium | Likely proleptic object/intended direct object of ἠθέλησα with infinitival clause context. |
| 28 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 30 ἠθέλησα | mark | low | Ambiguous syntactic attachment; likely introduces relation within the object phrase. |
| 29 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | A-APM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 28 ἐς | obj | medium | Object of ἐς. |
| 30 | ἠθέλησα | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-1SAA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Root of second main clause. |
| 31 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 33 λόγῳ | case | high | Preposition governing λόγῳ. |
| 32 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | B-DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 33 λόγῳ | det | high | Article with λόγῳ. |
| 33 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ἠθέλησα | obl | high | Locative/situational oblique with ἠθέλησα. |
| 34 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | B-DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 33 λόγῳ | det | high | Article with relative prepositional phrase. |
| 35 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 36 Δελφούς | case | high | Preposition governing Δελφούς. |
| 36 | Δελφούς | Δελφοί | PROPN | N-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 34 τῷ | nmod | medium | Dependent of the article in the relative phrase; semantically prepositional modifier. |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ἠθέλησα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 38 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 48 ἦν | mark | high | Introduces causal/content clause. |
| 39 | ἔργων | ἔργον | NOUN | N-P---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 45 μέγιστα | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of τῶν; partitive or descriptive. |
| 40 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | B-PNG--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 39 ἔργων | det | high | Article with ἔργων. |
| 41 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 43 βαρβάρους | case | high | Preposition governing βαρβάρους. |
| 42 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | B-APM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 43 βαρβάρους | det | high | Article with βαρβάρους. |
| 43 | βαρβάρους | βάρβαρος | NOUN | A-APM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 39 ἔργων | nmod | medium | PP dependent modifying ἔργων. |
| 44 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | B-APN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 45 μέγιστα | det | high | Article with μέγιστα. |
| 45 | μέγιστα | μέγας | ADJ | A-APN-SUP | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 48 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Subject of ἦν, with whole phrase ἔργων τῶν ἐπὶ τοὺς βαρβάρους functioning adverbially/partitivally. |
| 46 | Ἕλλησιν | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-DPM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 48 ἦν | obl | high | Dative of reference/advantage with ἦν. |
| 47 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 48 ἦν | advmod | high | Locative adverb. |
| 48 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-3SIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Root of causal clause. |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 48 ἦν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ὑπερόριον μὲν οἱ Κελτοὶ στρατείαν πρώτην ὑπὸ ἡγεμόνι ἐποιήσαντο Καμβαύλῃ· προελθόντες δὲ ἄχρι τῆς Θρᾴκης τὸ πρόσω τῆς πορείας οὐκ ἀπεθάρσησαν, καταγνόντες αὑτῶν ὅτι ὀλίγοι τε ἦσαν καὶ οὐκ ἀξιόμαχοι κατʼ ἀριθμὸν Ἕλλησιν.
The main syntactic difficulty is the coordination of the two finite verbs and the participial circumstantial clauses, especially the appositional/loose dative Καμβαύλῃ after ὑπὸ ἡγεμόνι and the phrase τὸ πρόσω τῆς πορείας.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὑπερόριον | ὑπερόριος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 στρατείαν | amod | medium | Likely adjective modifying στρατείαν; could be adverbial in sense 'beyond the borders'. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἐποιήσαντο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Κελτοὶ | det | high | Article with Κελτοί. |
| 4 | Κελτοὶ | Κελτός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐποιήσαντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐποιήσαντο. |
| 5 | στρατείαν | στρατεία | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐποιήσαντο | obj | high | Direct object of ἐποιήσαντο. |
| 6 | πρώτην | πρῶτος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 στρατείαν | amod | high | Modifies στρατείαν. |
| 7 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 8 ἡγεμόνι | case | high | Preposition governing ἡγεμόνι. |
| 8 | ἡγεμόνι | ἡγεμών | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐποιήσαντο | obl | high | Instrument/agency phrase with ὑπό. |
| 9 | ἐποιήσαντο | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 10 | Καμβαύλῃ | Καμβαύλης | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐποιήσαντο | obl | medium | Likely dative of agent/person with ὑπὸ ἡγεμόνι; appositional or loose dative to ἡγεμόνι. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐποιήσαντο | punct | high | Middle dot. |
| 12 | προελθόντες | προέρχομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 ἀπεθάρσησαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying ἀπεθάρσησαν. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 12 προελθόντες | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 14 | ἄχρι | ἄχρι | ADP | _ | _ | 16 Θρᾴκης | case | high | Preposition with Θρᾴκης. |
| 15 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Θρᾴκης | det | high | Article with Θρᾴκης. |
| 16 | Θρᾴκης | Θρᾴκη | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 προελθόντες | obl | high | Goal/limit of motion with ἄχρι. |
| 17 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 πρόσω | det | high | Article with πρόσω. |
| 18 | πρόσω | πρόσω | ADV | _ | _ | 22 ἀπεθάρσησαν | advmod | medium | Adverbial use in the phrase τὸ πρόσω τῆς πορείας. |
| 19 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 πορείας | det | high | Article with πορείας. |
| 20 | πορείας | πορεία | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 πρόσω | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of πρόσω. |
| 21 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 22 ἀπεθάρσησαν | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 22 | ἀπεθάρσησαν | ἀποθαρσέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 ἐποιήσαντο | conj | high | Coordinated with the first main verb. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἀπεθάρσησαν | punct | high | Comma. |
| 24 | καταγνόντες | καταγιγνώσκω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 ἀπεθάρσησαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying ἀπεθάρσησαν. |
| 25 | αὑτῶν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|Reflex=Yes | 24 καταγνόντες | obj | medium | Reflexive/genitive complement with καταγνόντες. |
| 26 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 29 ἦσαν | mark | high | Introduces content clause. |
| 27 | ὀλίγοι | ὀλίγος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with ἦσαν. |
| 28 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 27 ὀλίγοι | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 29 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 24 καταγνόντες | ccomp | high | Verb of embedded content clause. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 32 ἀξιόμαχοι | cc | high | Coordinates predicate adjective clauses. |
| 31 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 32 ἀξιόμαχοι | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 32 | ἀξιόμαχοι | ἀξιόμαχος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἦσαν | conj | high | Conjoined predicate adjective with ὀλίγοι. |
| 33 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 34 ἀριθμὸν | case | high | Preposition with ἀριθμόν. |
| 34 | ἀριθμὸν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 ἀξιόμαχοι | obl | high | Respect/measure phrase. |
| 35 | Ἕλλησιν | Ἕλλην | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 ἀξιόμαχοι | obl | medium | Dative of comparison/reference with ἀξιόμαχοι. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐποιήσαντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |