Grammar parses for passage 10.19.7
Open translation for this passage
ἐπὶ μὲν οὖν Θρᾷκας καὶ τὸ ἔθνος τὸ Τριβαλλῶν ἔμελλε Κερέθριος ἡγήσεσθαι· τοῖς δὲ ἐς Παιονίαν ἰοῦσι Βρέννος ἦσαν καὶ Ἀκιχώριος ἄρχοντες· Βόλγιος δὲ ἐπὶ Μακεδόνας τε καὶ Ἰλλυριοὺς ἤλασε, καὶ ἐς ἀγῶνα πρὸς Πτολεμαῖον κατέστη τότε ἔχοντα τὴν Μακεδόνων βασιλείαν.
Three coordinated clauses: Κερέθριος is subject of ἔμελλε ἡγήσεσθαι; Βρέννος and Ἀκιχώριος are plural subjects with ἦσαν ἄρχοντες; Βόλγιος is subject of ἤλασε and κατέστη, with ἔχοντα agreeing accusatively with Πτολεμαῖον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 4 Θρᾷκας | case | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 10 ἔμελλε | discourse | high | |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | Df | _ | 10 ἔμελλε | discourse | high | |
| 4 | Θρᾷκας | Θρᾷξ | PROPN | N-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἔμελλε | obl | high | Accusative after ἐπί, directional. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἔθνος | cc | high | |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S--na---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ἔθνος | det | high | |
| 7 | ἔθνος | ἔθνος | NOUN | N--na---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 Θρᾷκας | conj | high | Coordinated with Θρᾷκας semantically under ἐπί. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S--na---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ἔθνος | det | high | |
| 9 | Τριβαλλῶν | Τριβαλλοί | PROPN | N--g-p--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἔθνος | nmod | high | Genitive ethnic specification. |
| 10 | ἔμελλε | μέλλω | VERB | V3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | Κερέθριος | Κερέθριος | PROPN | N--msn--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἔμελλε | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | ἡγήσεσθαι | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V--mna--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 10 ἔμελλε | xcomp | high | |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔμελλε | punct | high | |
| 14 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | S-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 ἰοῦσι | det | high | |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 ἦσαν | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 17 Παιονίαν | case | high | |
| 17 | Παιονίαν | Παιονία | PROPN | N--asa--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἰοῦσι | obl | high | |
| 18 | ἰοῦσι | εἶμι | VERB | V-papadm- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 ἄρχοντες | acl | high | Substantival dative participle: those going to Paeonia. |
| 19 | Βρέννος | Βρέννος | PROPN | N--msn--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἄρχοντες | nsubj | high | |
| 20 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V3piia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | parataxis | high | Finite verb of coordinated second clause. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 Ἀκιχώριος | cc | high | |
| 22 | Ἀκιχώριος | Ἀκιχώριος | PROPN | N--msn--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Βρέννος | conj | high | |
| 23 | ἄρχοντες | ἄρχων | NOUN | N--pmn--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Predicate noun with copular ἦσαν. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἦσαν | punct | high | |
| 25 | Βόλγιος | Βόλγιος | PROPN | N--msn--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 ἤλασε | nsubj | high | |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 32 ἤλασε | cc | high | |
| 27 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 28 Μακεδόνας | case | high | |
| 28 | Μακεδόνας | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 ἤλασε | obl | high | |
| 29 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 28 Μακεδόνας | cc | high | |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 31 Ἰλλυριοὺς | cc | high | |
| 31 | Ἰλλυριοὺς | Ἰλλυριός | PROPN | N-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 Μακεδόνας | conj | high | |
| 32 | ἤλασε | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Root of third coordinated clause. |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἤλασε | punct | high | |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 39 κατέστη | cc | high | |
| 35 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 36 ἀγῶνα | case | high | |
| 36 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N--msa--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 κατέστη | obl | high | |
| 37 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 38 Πτολεμαῖον | case | high | |
| 38 | Πτολεμαῖον | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | N--msa--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 ἀγῶνα | nmod | high | Opponent specified by πρὸς. |
| 39 | κατέστη | καθίστημι | VERB | V3s a ia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 32 ἤλασε | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 40 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 39 κατέστη | advmod | high | |
| 41 | ἔχοντα | ἔχω | VERB | V-sapama- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 38 Πτολεμαῖον | acl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with Πτολεμαῖον. |
| 42 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S--af---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 44 βασιλείαν | det | high | |
| 43 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 44 βασιλείαν | nmod | high | |
| 44 | βασιλείαν | βασιλεία | NOUN | N--afa--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 41 ἔχοντα | obj | high | |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἤλασε | punct | high |
Πτολεμαῖος δὲ ἦν οὗτος ὃς Σέλευκόν τε ἐδολοφόνησε τὸν Ἀντιόχου, καταπεφευγὼς ὅμως ἱκέτης ὡς αὐτόν, καὶ εἶχεν ἐπίκλησιν Κεραυνὸς διὰ τὸ ἄγαν τολμηρόν.
Relative clause ὃς ... ἐδολοφόνησε governs Σέλευκον, with τὸν Ἀντιόχου as a genitive of relationship/apposition; καταπεφευγώς is a circumstantial participle with ὡς αὐτόν. Ἐπίκλησιν is the object of εἶχεν, and Κεραυνός is its predicative nominative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πτολεμαῖος | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIAIM- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | P----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 ἦν | nsubj | high | Predicative identification with Πτολεμαῖος. |
| 5 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | P----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 8 ἐδολοφόνησε | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | Σέλευκόν | Σέλευκος | PROPN | N----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐδολοφόνησε | obj | high | |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἐδολοφόνησε | cc | high | Correlative τε; its partner is καί at token 18. |
| 8 | ἐδολοφόνησε | δολοφονέω | VERB | V3SIAAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 4 οὗτος | acl:relcl | high | |
| 9 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Ἀντιόχου | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἀντιόχου | Ἀντίοχος | PROPN | N----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Σέλευκόν | nmod | medium | Genitive of relationship/apposition: ‘Seleucus, [son] of Antiochus’; article belongs with the understood/elliptic relation. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐδολοφόνησε | punct | high | |
| 12 | καταπεφευγὼς | καταφεύγω | VERB | V--RAPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἐδολοφόνησε | advcl | medium | Circumstantial perfect participle; understood subject is ὃς/Πτολεμαῖος. |
| 13 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 12 καταπεφευγὼς | advmod | high | |
| 14 | ἱκέτης | ἱκέτης | NOUN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 καταπεφευγὼς | xcomp | medium | Predicative noun with the participle, ‘having fled as a suppliant’. |
| 15 | ὡς | ὡς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 αὐτόν | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 16 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | P----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 12 καταπεφευγὼς | obl | high | Destination/person toward whom he fled. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 καταπεφευγὼς | punct | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 εἶχεν | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate with the preceding relative-clause predicate. |
| 19 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V3SIAIM- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 4 οὗτος | conj | high | |
| 20 | ἐπίκλησιν | ἐπίκλησις | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 εἶχεν | obj | high | |
| 21 | Κεραυνὸς | κεραυνός | NOUN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐπίκλησιν | appos | high | Name/nickname in predicative apposition to ἐπίκλησιν. |
| 22 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 τολμηρόν | case | high | With accusative τὸ ... τολμηρόν, expressing cause. |
| 23 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 τολμηρόν | det | high | Article substantivizes the following adjective. |
| 24 | ἄγαν | ἄγαν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 25 τολμηρόν | advmod | high | |
| 25 | τολμηρόν | τολμηρός | ADJ | A----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 εἶχεν | obl | high | Substantivized neuter accusative: ‘because of [his] excessive boldness’. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦν | punct | high |
καὶ ὁ μὲν αὐτός τε ὁ Πτολεμαῖος ἀπέθανεν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ καὶ τῶν Μακεδόνων ἐγένετο οὐκ ἐλαχίστη φθορά· προελθεῖν δὲ ὡς ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα οὐδὲ τότε ἐθάρσησαν οἱ Κελτοί, καὶ ὁ δεύτερος οὕτω στόλος ἐπανῆλθεν ἐς τὴν οἰκείαν.
The sentence has three coordinated clauses. In the first, αὐτός is an emphatic nominative modifier/appositive to Πτολεμαῖος; φθορά is the subject of an existential/resultative ἐγένετο. προελθεῖν is an infinitival complement of ἐθάρσησαν, with ὡς ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα expressing direction/intended advance. οὕτω modifies ἐπανῆλθεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 8 ἀπέθανεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Masc-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Πτολεμαῖος | det | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 8 ἀπέθανεν | discourse | high | Correlative μὲν ... δὲ construction. |
| 4 | αὐτός | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3NomMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 7 Πτολεμαῖος | appos | medium | Emphatic nominative, closely associated with Πτολεμαῖος. |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 8 ἀπέθανεν | cc | medium | Enclitic coordinating element; coordination is partly asyndetic in surface structure. |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Masc-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Πτολεμαῖος | det | high | |
| 7 | Πτολεμαῖος | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | Ne-Nom-MS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀπέθανεν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | ἀπέθανεν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V3AAI-Sg | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 11 μάχῃ | case | high | |
| 10 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | Art-Dat-Fem-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 μάχῃ | det | high | |
| 11 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-Dat-FS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀπέθανεν | obl | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 15 ἐγένετο | cc | high | |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Masc-Pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 Μακεδόνων | det | high | |
| 14 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | Ne-Gen-MP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 φθορά | nmod | high | Genitive of the affected group/possessor with φθορά. |
| 15 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3AMI-Sg | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 8 ἀπέθανεν | conj | high | Coordinated with ἀπέθανεν. |
| 16 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | Part | Polarity=Neg | 17 ἐλαχίστη | advmod | high | |
| 17 | ἐλαχίστη | ἐλάχιστος | ADJ | A-Superl-Nom-FS | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 φθορά | amod | high | Predicative/attributive adjective with φθορά. |
| 18 | φθορά | φθορά | NOUN | N-Nom-FS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀπέθανεν | punct | high | |
| 20 | προελθεῖν | προέρχομαι | VERB | V--AAN | Aspect=Aor|Form=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 28 ἐθάρσησαν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἐθάρσησαν. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 28 ἐθάρσησαν | cc | high | Adversative/continuative coordinator. |
| 22 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 20 προελθεῖν | mark | medium | Introduces the directional phrase ὡς ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα. |
| 23 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 25 Ἑλλάδα | case | high | |
| 24 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Fem-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | |
| 25 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | Ne-Acc-FS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 προελθεῖν | obl | high | Goal/direction with ἐπί. |
| 26 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | Conj | Polarity=Neg | 28 ἐθάρσησαν | advmod | high | Negative additive adverbial coordinator, ‘not even then’. |
| 27 | τότε | τότε | ADV | Adv | _ | 28 ἐθάρσησαν | advmod | high | |
| 28 | ἐθάρσησαν | θαρσέω | VERB | V3AAI-Pl | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate of the second clause; later clause is coordinated with it. |
| 29 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Masc-Pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 Κελτοί | det | high | |
| 30 | Κελτοί | Κελτοί | PROPN | Ne-Nom-MP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἐθάρσησαν | nsubj | high | Collective ethnic name. |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐθάρσησαν | punct | high | |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 37 ἐπανῆλθεν | cc | high | |
| 33 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Masc-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 δεύτερος | det | high | |
| 34 | δεύτερος | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-Nom-MS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 στόλος | amod | high | Substantivized/attributive adjective modifying στόλος. |
| 35 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | Adv | _ | 37 ἐπανῆλθεν | advmod | high | |
| 36 | στόλος | στόλος | NOUN | N-Nom-MS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 ἐπανῆλθεν | nsubj | high | |
| 37 | ἐπανῆλθεν | ἐπανέρχομαι | VERB | V3AAI-Sg | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 28 ἐθάρσησαν | conj | high | Clause coordinated with ἐθάρσησαν. |
| 38 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 40 οἰκείαν | case | high | |
| 39 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Fem-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 40 οἰκείαν | det | high | |
| 40 | οἰκείαν | οἰκεῖος | ADJ | A-Acc-FS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 ἐπανῆλθεν | obl | medium | Substantivized adjective, ‘the native land/home’; feminine accusative agrees with understood γῆν or χώραν. |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 37 ἐπανῆλθεν | punct | high |