Grammar parses for passage 10.2.4
Open translation for this passage
καταλαβοῦσι δὲ αὐτοῖς τὸ ἱερὸν ξενικά τε αὐτίκα τὰ ἰσχυρότατα τῶν ἐν Ἕλλησιν ἠθροίσθη καὶ οἱ Θηβαῖοί σφισιν ἐς πόλεμον ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ καθεστήκεσαν, διάφοροι καὶ τὰ πρότερα ὄντες.
The clause has two coordinated predicates: ξενικά/τὰ ἰσχυρότατα ἠθροίσθη (neuter-plural subjects with singular verb) and οἱ Θηβαῖοι ... καθεστήκεσαν; διάφοροι ... ὄντες is a circumstantial/predicative participial addition.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καταλαβοῦσι | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAP-DPM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 14 ἠθροίσθη | advcl | medium | Aorist participle, dative plural masculine, agreeing with implied/preceding plural subject; circumstantial temporal/concessive force. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἠθροίσθη | cc | high | |
| 3 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural|PronType=Personal | 1 καταλαβοῦσι | iobj | medium | Dative with καταλαμβάνω, likely ‘when they had taken/occupied it’; antecedent is contextual. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-SNA | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neut|Number=Singular|PronType=Article | 5 ἱερὸν | det | high | |
| 5 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-SNA | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neut|Number=Singular | 1 καταλαβοῦσι | obj | high | |
| 6 | ξενικά | ξενικός | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nominative|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural | 14 ἠθροίσθη | nsubj:pass | medium | Substantivized neuter plural: foreign troops/mercenaries. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ξενικά | cc | high | |
| 8 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | ADV | _ | 14 ἠθροίσθη | advmod | high | |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural|PronType=Article | 10 ἰσχυρότατα | det | high | |
| 10 | ἰσχυρότατα | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | A-NPN-SUP | Case=Nominative|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural | 14 ἠθροίσθη | nsubj:pass | high | Substantivized superlative, ‘the strongest [forces]’. |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural|PronType=Article | 13 Ἕλλησιν | det | high | |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 13 Ἕλλησιν | case | high | |
| 13 | Ἕλλησιν | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 10 ἰσχυρότατα | nmod | high | Dative governed by ἐν; proper ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 14 | ἠθροίσθη | ἀθροίζω | VERB | V-API-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Singular passive despite coordinated/substantivized plural neuter subjects; Greek neuter plural agreement is possible. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 καθεστήκεσαν | cc | high | |
| 16 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural|PronType=Article | 17 Θηβαῖοί | det | high | |
| 17 | Θηβαῖοί | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 24 καθεστήκεσαν | nsubj | high | The Thebans. |
| 18 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dative|Number=Plural|PronType=Personal|Reflex=Yes | 20 πόλεμον | nmod | medium | Dative plural reflexive pronoun; possessive/relational dative with πόλεμον or καθεστήκεσαν. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 20 πόλεμον | case | high | |
| 20 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 24 καθεστήκεσαν | obl | high | Directional/goal complement: into war. |
| 21 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 23 φανεροῦ | case | high | |
| 22 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular|PronType=Article | 23 φανεροῦ | det | high | |
| 23 | φανεροῦ | φανερός | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Genitive|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 24 καθεστήκεσαν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective: openly/manifestly; ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ. |
| 24 | καθεστήκεσαν | καθίστημι | VERB | V-RAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Active | 14 ἠθροίσθη | conj | high | Perfect active, ‘had placed themselves/entered into’; coordinated with the passive clause. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 καθεστήκεσαν | punct | high | |
| 26 | διάφοροι | διάφορος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nominative|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 17 Θηβαῖοί | amod | high | Predicative/secondary predicate adjective referring to οἱ Θηβαῖοι. |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 29 πρότερα | cc | medium | Coordinates πρότερα with διάφοροι in the adjectival predicate. |
| 28 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural|PronType=Article | 29 πρότερα | det | high | |
| 29 | πρότερα | πρότερος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Accusative|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural | 30 ὄντες | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, ‘in earlier matters’; accusative of respect with ὄντες. |
| 30 | ὄντες | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 24 καθεστήκεσαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with οἱ Θηβαῖοι, ‘being different also previously’. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἠθροίσθη | punct | high |
χρόνος μὲν δὴ ἐγένετο ὃν ἐπολέμησαν δέκα ἔτη συνεχῶς, καὶ ἐν τοσούτῳ πολέμου μήκει πολλάκις μὲν οἱ Φωκεῖς καὶ τὰ παρʼ αὐτοῖς ξενικὰ ἐνίκησε, πολλάκις δὲ ἦν τὰ τῶν Θηβαίων ἐπικρατέστερα·
The passage has two coordinated clauses after the temporal frame; ἐν τοσούτῳ πολέμου μήκει is an idiomatic dative expression, and the singular ἐνίκησε is discordant with its apparent plural subject(s), so that attachment is marked medium confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | χρόνος | χρόνος | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | g------- | _ | 4 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | g------- | _ | 4 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | pr-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 6 ἐπολέμησαν | obj | high | Relative pronoun with χρόνος; temporal/extent usage. |
| 6 | ἐπολέμησαν | πολεμέω | VERB | v3paia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 ἐγένετο | acl:relcl | high | |
| 7 | δέκα | δέκα | NUM | m-------- | NumType=Card | 8 ἔτη | nummod | high | |
| 8 | ἔτη | ἔτος | NOUN | n-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐπολέμησαν | obl | high | Duration accusative. |
| 9 | συνεχῶς | συνεχῶς | ADV | d-------- | _ | 6 ἐπολέμησαν | advmod | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | u-------- | _ | 4 ἐγένετο | punct | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 25 ἐνίκησε | cc | high | Coordinates the following clause with the preceding temporal statement. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | r-------- | _ | 15 μήκει | case | high | |
| 13 | τοσούτῳ | τοσοῦτος | DET | pd-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 15 μήκει | det | high | |
| 14 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 μήκει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μήκει. |
| 15 | μήκει | μῆκος | NOUN | n-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ἐνίκησε | obl | high | Dative of measure/ circumstance: 'in such length of war'. |
| 16 | πολλάκις | πολλάκις | ADV | d-------- | _ | 25 ἐνίκησε | advmod | high | |
| 17 | μὲν | μέν | PART | g------- | _ | 25 ἐνίκησε | discourse | high | Correlative μέν...δέ. |
| 18 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 Φωκεῖς | det | high | |
| 19 | Φωκεῖς | Φωκεύς | PROPN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐνίκησε | nsubj | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 24 ξενικὰ | cc | high | |
| 21 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | a-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 ξενικὰ | det | high | |
| 22 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | r-------- | _ | 23 αὐτοῖς | case | high | Elided form of παρά. |
| 23 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | p-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 24 ξενικὰ | obl | high | Object of παρά. |
| 24 | ξενικὰ | ξενικός | ADJ | a-p---na- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ἐνίκησε | conj | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated with τὰ παρʼ αὐτοῖς ξενικά. |
| 25 | ἐνίκησε | νικάω | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 ἐγένετο | conj | medium | Text has singular verb with plural subjects; possible agreement irregularity or textual issue. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | u-------- | _ | 25 ἐνίκησε | punct | high | |
| 27 | πολλάκις | πολλάκις | ADV | d-------- | _ | 29 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 28 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g------- | _ | 29 ἦν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν...δέ. |
| 29 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 4 ἐγένετο | conj | high | Impersonal/copular clause; predicate adjective follows. |
| 30 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 33 ἐπικρατέστερα | det | high | |
| 31 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 32 Θηβαίων | det | high | |
| 32 | Θηβαίων | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 ἐπικρατέστερα | nmod | high | Substantival ethnic name. |
| 33 | ἐπικρατέστερα | ἐπικρατής | ADJ | a-p---na- | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective, neuter plural; subject is τὰ τῶν Θηβαίων. |
| 34 | · | · | PUNCT | u-------- | _ | 29 ἦν | punct | high |
γενομένης δὲ κατὰ Νεῶνα πόλιν συμβολῆς ἐτράποντο οἱ Φωκεῖς, καὶ ὁ Φιλόμηλος ῥίπτει τε αὑτὸν ἐν τῇ φυγῇ κατὰ ὑψηλοῦ καὶ ἀποτόμου κρημνοῦ καὶ ἀφίησιν οὕτω τὴν ψυχήν·
The opening γενομένης ... συμβολῆς is a genitive absolute; the second coordinated clause shifts to vivid present tense (ῥίπτει, ἀφίησιν).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενομένης | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--AAPFSG- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 6 συμβολῆς | acl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 7 ἐτράποντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Νεῶνα | case | high | |
| 4 | Νεῶνα | Νεών | PROPN | N---ASM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 6 συμβολῆς | obl | medium | Place name; κατά with accusative is locative/distributive in context. |
| 5 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N---ASF- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 4 Νεῶνα | appos | high | Apposition to the place name. |
| 6 | συμβολῆς | συμβολή | NOUN | N---GSM- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 7 ἐτράποντο | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 7 | ἐτράποντο | τρέπω | VERB | V-2IAIM-- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-----NPM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 9 Φωκεῖς | det | high | |
| 9 | Φωκεῖς | Φωκεύς | PROPN | N---NPM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 7 ἐτράποντο | nsubj | high | Ethnic designation used substantivally. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐτράποντο | punct | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 14 ῥίπτει | cc | high | Coordinates the following clause. |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-----NSM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 13 Φιλόμηλος | det | high | |
| 13 | Φιλόμηλος | Φιλόμηλος | PROPN | N---NSM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 14 ῥίπτει | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | ῥίπτει | ῥίπτω | VERB | V-3SPAI-- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | conj | high | Coordinated main verb; root is token 7. |
| 15 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 14 ῥίπτει | cc | high | |
| 16 | αὑτὸν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-----ASM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Person=3|PronType=Reflexive | 14 ῥίπτει | obj | high | Reflexive object. |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 φυγῇ | case | high | |
| 18 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T---DSF- | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 19 φυγῇ | det | high | |
| 19 | φυγῇ | φυγή | NOUN | N---DSF- | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 14 ῥίπτει | obl | high | Temporal/circumstantial phrase, “in the flight.” |
| 20 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 ὑψηλοῦ | case | high | |
| 21 | ὑψηλοῦ | ὑψηλός | ADJ | A---GSM- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 24 κρημνοῦ | amod | high | Substantival/modifying adjective, “high.” |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 23 ἀποτόμου | cc | high | |
| 23 | ἀποτόμου | ἀπότομος | ADJ | A---GSM- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 24 κρημνοῦ | amod | high | Coordinates with ὑψηλοῦ. |
| 24 | κρημνοῦ | κρημνός | NOUN | N---GSM- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 14 ῥίπτει | obl | high | Object of κατά with genitive, downward motion. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 26 ἀφίησιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second verb. |
| 26 | ἀφίησιν | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-3SPAI-- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 14 ῥίπτει | conj | high | Coordinated with ῥίπτει. |
| 27 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 26 ἀφίησιν | advmod | high | |
| 28 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T---ASF- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 29 ψυχήν | det | high | |
| 29 | ψυχήν | ψυχή | NOUN | N---ASF- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 26 ἀφίησιν | obj | high | Object of ἀφίησιν; idiomatically “give up his life.” |
| 30 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἀφίησιν | punct | high |
ἐτέτακτο δὲ καὶ ἄλλως τοῖς Ἀμφικτύοσιν ἐς τοὺς συλῶντας αὕτη ἡ δίκη.
The impersonal/passive ἐτέτακτο (‘had been ordained’) takes τοῖς Ἀμφικτύοσιν as a dative agent/authority and ἐς τοὺς συλῶντας as the target class; αὕτη ἡ δίκη is the postposed subject/predicate nominal, with αὕτη modifying δίκη.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐτέτακτο | τάσσω | VERB | V3pluperfMPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperfect|Voice=Mid | 12 δίκη | root | high | Impersonal/passive ‘had been ordained’; syntactically the finite root. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐτέτακτο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἄλλως | advmod | medium | Adverbial ‘also/even’, modifying ἄλλως. |
| 4 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἐτέτακτο | advmod | high | Adverb ‘otherwise/in another way’. |
| 5 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | D-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Ἀμφικτύοσιν | det | high | Article agreeing with Ἀμφικτύοσιν. |
| 6 | Ἀμφικτύοσιν | Ἀμφικτύων | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐτέτακτο | obl:agent | medium | Dative of agency/authority with the passive or middle-pluperfect form. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 συλῶντας | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 8 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | D-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 συλῶντας | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle with it. |
| 9 | συλῶντας | συλάω | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 ἐτέτακτο | obl | high | Substantivized present active participle, ‘those committing sacrilege/plundering’. |
| 10 | αὕτη | οὗτος | DET | D-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 δίκη | det | high | Demonstrative determiner agreeing with δίκη; postposed subject phrase. |
| 11 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | D-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 δίκη | det | high | Article agreeing with δίκη. |
| 12 | δίκη | δίκη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐτέτακτο | nsubj:pass | medium | Nominal subject of the passive/impersonal predicate; postposed. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐτέτακτο | punct | high |