Grammar parses for passage 10.20.4
Open translation for this passage
Λοκροὺς δὲ τοὺς ἐπὶ Ἀταλάντῃ τῇ νήσῳ Μειδίας ἦγεν· ἀριθμὸς δὲ αὐτῶν ἑπτακόσιοι, καὶ ἱππικόν σφισιν οὐ προσῆν.
Two coordinated clauses with ellipsis-like nominal predicate structure in the second clause; ἑπτακόσιοι and ἱππικόν are treated conservatively as modifiers of ἀριθμός.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λοκροὺς | Λοκρός | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἦγεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἦγεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἦγεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 Λοκροὺς | det | high | Article modifying Λοκρούς. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 8 Μειδίας | case | high | Preposition introducing modifier of Λοκρούς. |
| 5 | Ἀταλάντῃ | Ἀταλάντη | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 Λοκροὺς | nmod | high | Part of prepositional phrase. |
| 6 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 νήσῳ | det | high | Article modifying νήσῳ. |
| 7 | νήσῳ | νῆσος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Ἀταλάντῃ | nmod | medium | Appositional/locative specification with Ἀταλάντῃ; attached under the place name. |
| 8 | Μειδίας | Μειδίας | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἦγεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦγεν. |
| 9 | ἦγεν | ἄγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἦγεν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 11 | ἀριθμὸς | ἀριθμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 προσῆν | nsubj | high | Subject of προσῆν in second clause. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 20 προσῆν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 13 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 11 ἀριθμὸς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἀριθμός. |
| 14 | ἑπτακόσιοι | ἑπτακόσιοι | NUM | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀριθμὸς | amod | medium | Predicate-like numeral agreeing with ἀριθμός; analysis somewhat uncertain. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἦγεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 προσῆν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 17 | ἱππικόν | ἱππικός | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἀριθμὸς | amod | medium | Likely predicative/adjectival complement with ἀριθμός; uncertain. |
| 18 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 20 προσῆν | iobj | high | Dative of reference/interest with προσῆν. |
| 19 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 20 προσῆν | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 20 | προσῆν | πάρειμι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Root of second clause. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 προσῆν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
παρὰ δὲ Μεγαρέων ἀφίκοντο ὁπλῖται τετρακόσιοι· τούτων ἦγε τὸ †ἱππικὸν Μεγαρεύς.
The second clause is somewhat elliptical and textually uncertain because of the crux around ἱππικόν; I treat Μεγαρεύς as the subject of ἦγε and τὸ ἱππικόν as the object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 4 ἀφίκοντο | obl | high | Introduces source/origin phrase with genitive. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἀφίκοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Μεγαρέων | Μεγαρεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 1 παρὰ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of παρά. |
| 4 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 5 | ὁπλῖται | ὁπλίτης | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἀφίκοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀφίκοντο. |
| 6 | τετρακόσιοι | τετρακόσιοι | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ὁπλῖται | amod | high | Attributive numeral adjective. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | Middle punctuation. |
| 8 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | RD-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 9 ἦγε | nsubj | medium | Likely genitive partitive/possessive-like subject of ἦγε; syntax is somewhat compressed. |
| 9 | ἦγε | ἄγω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 4 ἀφίκοντο | parataxis | high | Paratactic second clause. |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ἱππικὸν | det | high | Article with substantivized adjective/noun. |
| 11 | † | † | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἱππικὸν | punct | high | Critical sign / punctuation-like marker. |
| 12 | ἱππικὸν | ἱππικός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἦγε | obj | medium | Substantivized adjective, textually uncertain due to cruces. |
| 13 | Μεγαρεύς | Μεγαρεύς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἦγε | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of ἦγε, though relationship is somewhat elliptical. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Αἰτωλῶν δὲ πλείστη τε ἐγένετο στρατιὰ καὶ ἐς πᾶσαν μάχης ἰδέαν, ἡ μὲν ἵππος οὐ λέγουσιν ὁπόση, ψιλοὶ δὲ ἐνενήκοντα καὶ ἑπτακόσιοι, πλέονες δὲ ἑπτακισχιλίων ἀριθμὸν ἦσαν οἱ ὁπλιτεύοντες·
The syntax is largely paratactic, with an embedded reported-number clause (λέγουσιν ὁπόση) and a later ellipsis-like αριθμὸν ἦσαν construction that is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Αἰτωλῶν | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | N-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 στρατιὰ | nmod | high | Genitive of possession/source with στρατιά. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | T-------- | _ | 5 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πλείστη | πλείστος | ADJ | A-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 στρατιὰ | amod | high | Agrees with στρατιὰ. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 πλείστη | advmod | medium | Enclitic connective; relation approximate. |
| 5 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-3saim-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 6 | στρατιὰ | στρατιά | NOUN | N-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἐς | cc | high | Coordinates the prepositional phrase. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 ἰδέαν | case | high | Introduces prepositional complement. |
| 9 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἰδέαν | amod | high | Modifies μάχης/ἰδέαν phrase as written. |
| 10 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἰδέαν | nmod | medium | Likely part of idiomatic 'kind of battle' construction. |
| 11 | ἰδέαν | ἰδέα | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Accusative complement of ἐς. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ἵππος | det | high | Article with ἵππος. |
| 14 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 13 ἡ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 15 | ἵππος | ἵππος | NOUN | N-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 λέγουσιν | nsubj | medium | Subject of λέγουσιν; clause is somewhat elliptical. |
| 16 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 17 λέγουσιν | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 17 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-3ppia-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἐγένετο | parataxis | medium | Parenthetical clause on reported number. |
| 18 | ὁπόση | ὁπόσος | ADJ | A-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 λέγουσιν | obj | medium | Interrogative/indefinite adjective functioning with λέγουσιν. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 20 | ψιλοὶ | ψιλός | ADJ | A-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦσαν. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | PART | T-------- | _ | 20 ψιλοὶ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 22 | ἐνενήκοντα | ἐνενήκοντα | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 24 ἑπτακόσιοι | nummod | high | Part of numeral phrase. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 ἑπτακόσιοι | cc | high | Coordinates numeral components. |
| 24 | ἑπτακόσιοι | ἑπτακόσιοι | NUM | M-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 20 ψιλοὶ | nummod | high | Numeral modifying ψιλοί. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ἦσαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 26 | πλέονες | πλείων | ADJ | A-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 ἦσαν | nsubj | medium | Predicate/subject-like nominal before ἦσαν; could be predicative. |
| 27 | δὲ | δέ | PART | T-------- | _ | 26 πλέονες | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 28 | ἑπτακισχιλίων | ἑπτακισχίλιοι | NUM | M-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 29 ἀριθμὸν | nummod | high | Genitive numeral dependent on ἀριθμόν. |
| 29 | ἀριθμὸν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ἦσαν | xcomp | low | Likely accusative of respect/measure with ἦσαν; parse uncertain. |
| 30 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | VERB | V-3ppia-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main clause; coordinated with earlier statement. |
| 31 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 32 ὁπλιτεύοντες | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 32 | ὁπλιτεύοντες | ὁπλιτεύω | VERB | V-pppamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 30 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Substantival participle, subject of ἦσαν. |
| 33 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ἦσαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Αἰτωλοὺς δὲ ἦγον Πολύαρχος καὶ Πολύφρων τε καὶ Λακράτης.
Simple clause with a plural verb and a coordinated nominative subject list; δὲ is a discourse particle and τε links the second coordinated name.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Αἰτωλοὺς | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | N-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἦγον | obj | high | Proper ethnonym used substantively. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 ἦγον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἦγον | ἄγω | VERB | V-ia--3p- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 4 | Πολύαρχος | Πολύαρχος | PROPN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἦγον | nsubj | high | Subject coordinated with following names. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 Πολύαρχος | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 6 | Πολύφρων | Πολύφρων | PROPN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Πολύαρχος | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 7 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 6 Πολύφρων | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective, attached to second conjunct. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 Λακράτης | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 9 | Λακράτης | Λακράτης | PROPN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Πολύαρχος | conj | high | Third coordinated subject. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦγον | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |