Grammar parses for passage 10.20.5
Open translation for this passage
Ἀθηναίων δὲ στρατηγὸς μὲν Κάλλιππος ἦν ὁ Μοιροκλέους, καθὰ ἐδήλωσα καὶ ἐν τοῖς προτέροις τοῦ λόγου,
The copular clause has στρατηγός as a predicative subject complement and Κάλλιππος as the named identification; ὁ Μοιροκλέους is a patronymic apposition/genitive, while the καθά-clause is parenthetical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 στρατηγὸς | nmod | high | Genitive plural identifying the Athenians. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἦν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | στρατηγὸς | στρατηγός | NOUN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἦν | nsubj | high | Predicate nominative with ἦν. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 στρατηγὸς | discourse | high | Correlative particle associated with δέ. |
| 5 | Κάλλιππος | Κάλλιππος | PROPN | N---NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Named subject/predicate nominative; syntactically coordinated in the copular clause. |
| 6 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect copula. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Μοιροκλέους | det | high | Article with the patronymic. |
| 8 | Μοιροκλέους | Μοιροκλῆς | PROPN | N---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Κάλλιππος | appos | medium | Patronymic genitive, literally identifying Callippus as son of Mirocles; article usage is substantival/patronymic. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | καθὰ | καθά | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἐδήλωσα | mark | high | Comparative/conformative subordinator introducing the parenthetical clause. |
| 11 | ἐδήλωσα | δηλόω | VERB | V1saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 ἦν | advcl | high | First-person aorist parenthetical clause. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 προτέροις | advmod | medium | Emphatic/adverbial καί, modifying the preceding reference to earlier discussion. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 προτέροις | case | high | Preposition governing τοῖς προτέροις. |
| 14 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 προτέροις | det | high | Article substantivizing προτέροις. |
| 15 | προτέροις | πρότερος | ADJ | A---DPM- | Case=Dat|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐδήλωσα | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, 'the earlier [parts/passages]'. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 λόγου | det | high | Article with λόγου. |
| 17 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 προτέροις | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on 'earlier parts/passages'. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐδήλωσα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
δύναμις δὲ τριήρεις τε αἱ πλώιμοι πᾶσαι, πεντακόσιοι δὲ ἐς τὸ ἱππικόν, χίλιοι δὲ ἐτάσσοντο ἐν τοῖς πεζοῖς· καὶ ἡγεμονίαν οὗτοι κατʼ ἀξίωμα εἶχον τὸ ἀρχαῖον.
The first clause is compressed and enumerative: δύναμις introduces several nominal contingents, while ἐτάσσοντο supplies the finite predicate; the second clause has its own finite root εἶχον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δύναμις | δύναμις | NOUN | N-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐτάσσοντο | nsubj | medium | Head noun for the coordinated/asyndetic military contingents; predicate-like construction with omitted copula. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | ---- | _ | 1 δύναμις | cc | high | |
| 3 | τριήρεις | τριήρης | NOUN | N-p---fa- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 δύναμις | appos | medium | Nominal specification of δύναμις, with following αἱ πλώιμοι. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | ---- | _ | 3 τριήρεις | cc | high | |
| 5 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | ----afp- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 πλώιμοι | det | high | |
| 6 | πλώιμοι | πλώιμος | ADJ | A--npf- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 τριήρεις | amod | high | Adjective agreeing with τριήρεις. |
| 7 | πᾶσαι | πᾶς | ADJ | A--npf- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 τριήρεις | amod | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 δύναμις | punct | high | |
| 9 | πεντακόσιοι | πεντακόσιοι | NUM | M----mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἐτάσσοντο | nsubj | medium | Substantivized numeral, coordinated with χίλιοι as a further contingent. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | ---- | _ | 9 πεντακόσιοι | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | ---- | _ | 13 ἱππικόν | case | high | |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | ----an- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἱππικόν | det | high | |
| 13 | ἱππικόν | ἱππικόν | NOUN | N-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 πεντακόσιοι | obl | high | The cavalry arm, governed by ἐς. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 πεντακόσιοι | punct | high | |
| 15 | χίλιοι | χίλιοι | NUM | M----mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἐτάσσοντο | nsubj | medium | Substantivized numeral; coordinated contingent. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | ---- | _ | 15 χίλιοι | cc | high | |
| 17 | ἐτάσσοντο | τάσσω | VERB | V3PIIM--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Finite verb; plural subjects are interpreted as the listed military groups. δύναμις is a collective/organizational subject. |
| 18 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | ---- | _ | 20 πεζοῖς | case | high | |
| 19 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | ----dmn- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 πεζοῖς | det | high | |
| 20 | πεζοῖς | πεζός | ADJ | A--dmp- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἐτάσσοντο | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the infantry’. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐτάσσοντο | punct | high | |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | ---- | _ | 27 εἶχον | cc | high | |
| 23 | ἡγεμονίαν | ἡγεμονία | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 εἶχον | obj | high | |
| 24 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | P--npm- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 εἶχον | nsubj | high | |
| 25 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | ---- | _ | 26 ἀξίωμα | case | high | |
| 26 | ἀξίωμα | ἀξίωμα | NOUN | N-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 εἶχον | obl | medium | κατὰ ἀξίωμα: according to rank/status. |
| 27 | εἶχον | ἔχω | VERB | V3PIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated finite clause; punctuation marks the transition, while καί coordinates the clauses. |
| 28 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | ----an- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | |
| 29 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A--sna- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 εἶχον | obj | medium | Substantivized adjective, likely ‘the ancestral/old [privilege or right]’; coordinated or appositional to ἡγεμονίαν. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 εἶχον | punct | high |
βασιλέων δὲ ξενικὰ πεντακόσιοί τε ἐκ Μακεδονίας καὶ ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίας ἴσοι σφίσιν ἀφίκοντο ἀριθμόν·
The subject is ξενικὰ πεντακόσιοι, with δέ linking to prior context; ἴσοι σφίσιν ἀριθμόν is a predicative/quantifying phrase meaning equal to them in number, while ἀφίκοντο is the root verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | βασιλέων | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ξενικὰ | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ξενικὰ, likely ‘foreign troops of the kings’; exact attachment is somewhat elliptical. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἀφίκοντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ξενικὰ | ξενικός | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 πεντακόσιοί | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, ‘foreign troops’; agrees semantically with the following numeral. |
| 4 | πεντακόσιοί | πεντακόσιοι | NUM | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀφίκοντο | nsubj | medium | Masculine plural numeral used substantivally; coordinated/associated with neuter ξενικὰ. |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 πεντακόσιοί | cc | high | |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Μακεδονίας | case | high | |
| 7 | Μακεδονίας | Μακεδονία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πεντακόσιοί | nmod | high | Source/origin complement of the numeral phrase. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἐκ | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 Ἀσίας | case | high | |
| 10 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Ἀσίας | det | high | |
| 11 | Ἀσίας | Ἀσία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πεντακόσιοί | nmod | high | Second source/origin complement, coordinated with Μακεδονίας. |
| 12 | ἴσοι | ἴσος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀφίκοντο | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective, ‘equal’; masculine plural aligns with the understood troop subject. |
| 13 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DPN | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 12 ἴσοι | obl | medium | Dative of comparison/reference with ἴσοι, ‘equal to them’; antecedent is contextual. |
| 14 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | ἀριθμόν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἴσοι | obl | medium | Accusative of respect/measure with ἴσοι, ‘equal in number’; alternative analyses attach it to the whole clause. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high |
ἄρχοντες δὲ τῶν μὲν παρʼ Ἀντιγόνου πεμφθέντων Ἀριστόδημος ἦν Μακεδών, τῶν δὲ παρὰ Ἀντιόχου τε καὶ ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίας Τελέσαρχος τῶν ἐπὶ Ὀρόντῃ Σύρων.
The sentence has an elliptical second identification: Τελέσαρχος is coordinated with Ἀριστόδημος as another ἄρχων, while the initial and final genitive phrases specify the respective groups.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἄρχοντες | ἄρχων | NOUN | Noun_Nom Masc Plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Ἀριστόδημος | nsubj | medium | Predicative/topic noun with copular clause; nominative plural. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 8 Ἀριστόδημος | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Art_Gen Neut Plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 πεμφθέντων | det | high | Article substantivizes the participial phrase. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 7 πεμφθέντων | advmod | high | |
| 5 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | Prep | _ | 6 Ἀντιγόνου | case | high | παρά with genitive. |
| 6 | Ἀντιγόνου | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | Propn_Gen Masc Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 πεμφθέντων | obl | high | |
| 7 | πεμφθέντων | πέμπω | VERB | Part_Aor Pass Gen Neut Plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 8 Ἀριστόδημος | nsubj | medium | Substantival genitive participle: those sent by Antigonus. |
| 8 | Ἀριστόδημος | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | Propn_Nom Masc Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν; nominative predicate identification. |
| 9 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | Verb_Impf Act Ind 3rd Sing | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | Μακεδών | Μακεδών | NOUN | Noun_Nom Masc Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀριστόδημος | appos | high | Appositional ethnic designation. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Art_Gen Masc Plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 Σύρων | det | high | Article with substantival genitive phrase. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 25 Σύρων | cc | high | |
| 14 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | Prep | _ | 15 Ἀντιόχου | case | high | παρά with genitive. |
| 15 | Ἀντιόχου | Ἀντίοχος | PROPN | Propn_Gen Masc Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 Σύρων | obl | high | |
| 16 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 17 καὶ | cc | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 21 Τελέσαρχος | cc | high | Coordinates the source phrase with the following ἐκ phrase. |
| 18 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | Prep | _ | 20 Ἀσίας | case | high | ἐκ with genitive. |
| 19 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Art_Gen Fem Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 Ἀσίας | det | high | |
| 20 | Ἀσίας | Ἀσία | PROPN | Propn_Gen Fem Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 Τελέσαρχος | nmod | high | Source/location phrase modifying Τελέσαρχος. |
| 21 | Τελέσαρχος | Τελέσαρχος | PROPN | Propn_Nom Masc Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 Σύρων | appos | medium | Second named leader, coordinated elliptically with Ἀριστόδημος. |
| 22 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Art_Gen Masc Plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 Σύρων | det | high | |
| 23 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | Prep | _ | 24 Ὀρόντῃ | case | high | ἐπί with dative. |
| 24 | Ὀρόντῃ | Ὀρόντης | PROPN | Propn_Dat Masc Sing | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 Σύρων | nmod | high | Name in dative after ἐπί. |
| 25 | Σύρων | Σύρος | NOUN | Noun_Gen Masc Plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 Τελέσαρχος | appos | medium | Genitive apposition: of the Syrians serving under Orontes; syntactically attached to Τελέσαρχος. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἦν | punct | high |