Grammar parses for passage 10.20.5
Open translation for this passage
δύναμις δὲ τριήρεις τε αἱ πλώιμοι πᾶσαι, πεντακόσιοι δὲ ἐς τὸ ἱππικόν, χίλιοι δὲ ἐτάσσοντο ἐν τοῖς πεζοῖς· καὶ ἡγεμονίαν οὗτοι κατʼ ἀξίωμα εἶχον τὸ ἀρχαῖον.
The passage is list-like and somewhat elliptical; the first tokens are best treated as a paratactic nominal opening with implied copular sense, followed by two finite clauses coordinated at discourse level.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δύναμις | δύναμις | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 0 ROOT | root | high | Sentence-initial predicate/nominative used as topic or heading-like subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 δύναμις | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | τριήρεις | τριήρης | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 1 δύναμις | nsubj | medium | Likely coordinated with the following article phrase under omitted/copular-like structure. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 3 τριήρεις | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 5 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 3 τριήρεις | det | high | Article modifying τριήρεις. |
| 6 | πλώιμοι | πλώιμος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 3 τριήρεις | amod | high | Adjective modifying τριήρεις. |
| 7 | πᾶσαι | πᾶς | ADJ | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 3 τριήρεις | amod | high | Adjective modifying τριήρεις. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 δύναμις | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | πεντακόσιοι | πεντακόσιοι | NUM | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 17 ἐτάσσοντο | nsubj | medium | Numeral phrase functioning as subject of ἐτάσσοντο. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 πεντακόσιοι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 13 ἱππικόν | case | high | Preposition governing τὸ ἱππικόν. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 13 ἱππικόν | det | high | Article modifying ἱππικόν. |
| 13 | ἱππικόν | ἱππικός | NOUN | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 17 ἐτάσσοντο | obl | high | Goal/directional oblique phrase with ἐς. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐτάσσοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | χίλιοι | χίλιοι | NUM | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 17 ἐτάσσοντο | nsubj | medium | Numeral phrase functioning as subject of ἐτάσσοντο. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 15 χίλιοι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 17 | ἐτάσσοντο | τάσσω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 1 δύναμις | parataxis | medium | Finite verb in a coordinate/paratactic clause with repeated implicit copular/heading-style structure. |
| 18 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 20 πεζοῖς | case | high | Preposition governing τοῖς πεζοῖς. |
| 19 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 20 πεζοῖς | det | high | Article modifying πεζοῖς. |
| 20 | πεζοῖς | πεζός | ADJ | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 17 ἐτάσσοντο | obl | high | Locative oblique phrase with ἐν, complementing ἐτάσσοντο. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐτάσσοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 27 εἶχον | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 23 | ἡγεμονίαν | ἡγεμονία | NOUN | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 27 εἶχον | obj | high | Direct object of εἶχον. |
| 24 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Dem | 27 εἶχον | nsubj | high | Demonstrative subject of εἶχον. |
| 25 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 26 ἀξίωμα | case | high | Preposition governing ἀξίωμα. |
| 26 | ἀξίωμα | ἀξίωμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 27 εἶχον | obl | high | Oblique manner/respect phrase with κατά. |
| 27 | εἶχον | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 1 δύναμις | parataxis | high | Main finite verb in coordinate clause. |
| 28 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 29 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχαῖον. |
| 29 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 27 εἶχον | obj | medium | Likely substantivized adjective, direct object or internal complement of εἶχον. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 εἶχον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
βασιλέων δὲ ξενικὰ πεντακόσιοί τε ἐκ Μακεδονίας καὶ ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίας ἴσοι σφίσιν ἀφίκοντο ἀριθμόν·
The clause is headed by ἀφίκοντο, with a subject numeral phrase modified by coordinated ἐκ-phrases; ἴσοι σφίσιν ἀριθμόν is best taken as a predicative/measure expression.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | βασιλέων | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 πεντακόσιοί | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of the numeral phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 14 ἀφίκοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ξενικὰ | ξενικός | ADJ | A-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἀριθμόν | amod | medium | Likely accusative plural adjective modifying ἀριθμόν/understood noun; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | πεντακόσιοί | πεντακόσιοι | NUM | M-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀφίκοντο | nsubj | high | Subject with ἐκ-phrases as modifiers. |
| 5 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 4 πεντακόσιοί | discourse | medium | Enclitic additive particle linked to the subject numeral. |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Μακεδονίας | case | high | First preposition of coordinated source phrases. |
| 7 | Μακεδονίας | Μακεδονία | PROPN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πεντακόσιοί | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐκ, coordinated with the next PP. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἐκ | cc | high | Coordinates the two prepositional phrases. |
| 9 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 Ἀσίας | case | high | Second preposition in the coordinated source phrase. |
| 10 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Ἀσίας | det | high | Article modifying Ἀσίας. |
| 11 | Ἀσίας | Ἀσία | PROPN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πεντακόσιοί | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐκ, coordinated with Μακεδονίας. |
| 12 | ἴσοι | ἴσος | ADJ | A-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀφίκοντο | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with the verb of coming; relation is somewhat uncertain. |
| 13 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-p---md- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 12 ἴσοι | obl | high | Dative of comparison/reference with ἴσοι. |
| 14 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-3paim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 15 | ἀριθμόν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀφίκοντο | advmod | medium | Accusative of respect/measure qualifying ἴσοι ἀφίκοντο. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |