Grammar parses for passage 10.20.6
Open translation for this passage
τοῖς δὲ ἐς Θερμοπύλας ἀθροισθεῖσιν Ἑλλήνων, ὡς ἐπύθοντο περί τε Μαγνησίαν καὶ γῆν τὴν Φθιῶτιν ὄντα ἤδη τῶν Γαλατῶν τὸν στρατόν, ἔδοξεν ἤδη ψιλούς τε ἐς χιλίους καὶ ἐς τὴν ἵππον ἀπολέξαντας ἀποστεῖλαι σφᾶς ἐπὶ τὸν Σπερχειόν, ἵνα μηδὲ τὸν ποταμὸν διαβῆναι τοῖς βαρβάροις ἄνευ ἀγῶνός τε καὶ κινδύνων ἐγγένηται.
The dative participial phrase τοῖς ... Ἑλλήνων is the understood subject of ἔδοξεν; ὄντα agrees with τὸν στρατόν and is governed in the ὡς-clause. The final ἵνα clause has διαβῆναι as accusative-and-infinitive-like subject of ἐγγένηται, with τοῖς βαρβάροις as dative of agent/reference.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-d-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 ἀθροισθεῖσιν | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 ἔδοξεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Θερμοπύλας | case | high | Epic/poetic form of εἰς. |
| 4 | Θερμοπύλας | Θερμοπύλαι | PROPN | Np-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 ἀθροισθεῖσιν | obl | high | |
| 5 | ἀθροισθεῖσιν | ἀθροίζω | VERB | V-papadm- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 24 ἔδοξεν | nsubj | high | Dative subject/participant of ἔδοξεν. |
| 6 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀθροισθεῖσιν | nmod | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀθροισθεῖσιν | punct | high | |
| 8 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἐπύθοντο | mark | high | |
| 9 | ἐπύθοντο | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V-2iadm-p | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 5 ἀθροισθεῖσιν | advcl | high | |
| 10 | περί | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Μαγνησίαν | case | high | |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 Μαγνησίαν | cc | high | Correlative τε with the second phrase at token 14. |
| 12 | Μαγνησίαν | Μαγνησία | PROPN | Npfacc | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐπύθοντο | obl | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 γῆν | cc | high | |
| 14 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-faf-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐπύθοντο | obl | high | Coordinated with Μαγνησίαν after περί. |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-fafsa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Φθιῶτιν | det | high | |
| 16 | Φθιῶτιν | Φθιῶτις | PROPN | Npfacc | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 γῆν | appos | high | |
| 17 | ὄντα | εἰμί | AUX | V-sapamn- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 στρατόν | cop | high | Participial predicate with στρατόν; implied relative/attributive construction. |
| 18 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 17 ὄντα | advmod | high | |
| 19 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-gpm---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 Γαλατῶν | det | high | |
| 20 | Γαλατῶν | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N-pmg---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 στρατόν | nmod | high | |
| 21 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-masm---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 στρατόν | det | high | |
| 22 | στρατόν | στρατός | NOUN | N-mam-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐπύθοντο | obj | high | Object of πυνθάνομαι. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐπύθοντο | punct | high | |
| 24 | ἔδοξεν | δοκέω | VERB | V-3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal construction. |
| 25 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 24 ἔδοξεν | advmod | high | |
| 26 | ψιλούς | ψιλός | ADJ | A-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 34 ἀπολέξαντας | obj | high | Predicative/object complement with the understood troops. |
| 27 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 26 ψιλούς | cc | high | Links the two troop contingents. |
| 28 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 29 χιλίους | case | high | Numerical phrase: up to. |
| 29 | χιλίους | χίλιοι | NUM | M-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 26 ψιλούς | nummod | high | Elliptical masculine noun, probably στρατιώτας. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 33 ἵππον | cc | high | |
| 31 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 33 ἵππον | case | high | |
| 32 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-fas---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 33 ἵππον | det | high | |
| 33 | ἵππον | ἵππος | NOUN | N-fas---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 ἀπολέξαντας | obl | high | Cavalry contingent; coordinated with χιλίους. |
| 34 | ἀπολέξαντας | ἀπολέγω | VERB | V-papama- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 35 ἀποστεῖλαι | advcl | high | Aorist participle expressing prior selection. |
| 35 | ἀποστεῖλαι | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V--ana--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 24 ἔδοξεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complementary to ἔδοξεν. |
| 36 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 35 ἀποστεῖλαι | obj | high | |
| 37 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 39 Σπερχειόν | case | high | |
| 38 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-masm---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 39 Σπερχειόν | det | high | |
| 39 | Σπερχειόν | Σπερχειός | PROPN | N-masm---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 ἀποστεῖλαι | obl | high | |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 ἀποστεῖλαι | punct | high | |
| 41 | ἵνα | ἵνα | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 53 ἐγγένηται | mark | high | |
| 42 | μηδὲ | μηδέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 45 διαβῆναι | cc | high | Negative coordinator modifying the infinitival subject. |
| 43 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-masm---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 44 ποταμὸν | det | high | |
| 44 | ποταμὸν | ποταμός | NOUN | N-mam-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 45 διαβῆναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of διαβῆναι. |
| 45 | διαβῆναι | διαβαίνω | VERB | V--ana--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 53 ἐγγένηται | nsubj | medium | Infinitive functioning as the subject of ἐγγένηται. |
| 46 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-dp---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 47 βαρβάροις | det | high | |
| 47 | βαρβάροις | βάρβαρος | ADJ | A-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 45 διαβῆναι | obl | high | Dative associated with crossing, construed as agent/reference. |
| 48 | ἄνευ | ἄνευ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 49 ἀγῶνός | case | high | |
| 49 | ἀγῶνός | ἀγών | NOUN | N-mg--s | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 53 ἐγγένηται | obl | high | |
| 50 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 49 ἀγῶνός | cc | high | Correlative with καί at token 51. |
| 51 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 52 κινδύνων | cc | high | |
| 52 | κινδύνων | κίνδυνος | NOUN | N-mg--p | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 53 ἐγγένηται | obl | high | Coordinated genitive with ἀγῶνος. |
| 53 | ἐγγένηται | ἐγγίγνομαι | VERB | V-3sasm--- | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 35 ἀποστεῖλαι | advcl | high | Purpose clause; impersonal, with infinitive as subject. |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἔδοξεν | punct | high |
οἱ δὲ ἐλθόντες τὰς γεφύρας τε καταλύουσι καὶ αὐτοὶ παρὰ τὴν ὄχθην ἐστρατοπεδεύσαντο.
The article οἱ substantivizes the aorist participle ἐλθόντες; καταλύουσι is present, while ἐστρατοπεδεύσαντο is a coordinated aorist verb, with τε...καί linking the two actions. παρὰ with accusative means ‘along/beside’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἐλθόντες | det | high | Substantivizing article with the participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 7 καταλύουσι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐλθόντες | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-papamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 καταλύουσι | advcl | high | Aorist circumstantial participle, subject understood as the agents of the finite verbs. |
| 4 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 γεφύρας | det | high | |
| 5 | γεφύρας | γέφυρα | NOUN | N-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 καταλύουσι | obj | high | |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 7 καταλύουσι | cc | high | First member of τε...καί coordination. |
| 7 | καταλύουσι | καταλύω | VERB | V3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite present verb; coordinated with the following aorist by τε...καί. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 13 ἐστρατοπεδεύσαντο | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite verb. |
| 9 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | P-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 13 ἐστρατοπεδεύσαντο | nsubj | medium | Intensive/emphatic nominative subject, coreferential with the participial subject. |
| 10 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R------A | _ | 12 ὄχθην | case | high | Takes the accusative here. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ὄχθην | det | high | |
| 12 | ὄχθην | ὄχθη | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐστρατοπεδεύσαντο | obl | high | Accusative object of παρὰ, expressing location beside/along the bank. |
| 13 | ἐστρατοπεδεύσαντο | στρατοπεδεύω | VERB | V3pma--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 7 καταλύουσι | conj | high | Coordinated finite aorist; middle voice is lexical/reflexive in ‘encamped’. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 καταλύουσι | punct | high |
ἦν δὲ οὐδὲ ὁ Βρέννος οὔτε πάντα ἀσύνετος οὔτε ἀπείρως εἶχεν ὡς ἄν τις βάρβαρος σοφίσματα ἐς πολεμίους ἐξευρεῖν.
The copular imperfect has coordinated predicate adjectives οὔτε πάντα ἀσύνετος οὔτε ἀπείρως; εἶχεν governs an infinitival complement, with ὡς ἄν τις βάρβαρος introducing a comparative manner clause. The attachment of πάντα is interpreted adverbially with ἀσύνετος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 11 εἶχεν | cop | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 εἶχεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἀσύνετος | cc | medium | Coordinates the negative predicate construction. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Βρέννος | det | high | |
| 5 | Βρέννος | Βρέννος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 εἶχεν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἀσύνετος | cc | high | |
| 7 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADV | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀσύνετος | advmod | low | Form is morphologically ambiguous; interpreted adverbially as ‘altogether/in every respect’. |
| 8 | ἀσύνετος | ἀσύνετος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 εἶχεν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἰμί. |
| 9 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 εἶχεν | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate. |
| 10 | ἀπείρως | ἄπειρος | ADV | A- | _ | 11 εἶχεν | advmod | medium | Adverbial predicate coordinated with ἀσύνετος. |
| 11 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate; ἦν and the predicate phrase form a coordinated verbal description. |
| 12 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 βάρβαρος | mark | medium | Introduces the comparative manner clause. |
| 13 | ἄν | ἄν | PART | PART | _ | 19 ἐξευρεῖν | advmod | medium | Modal particle with the potential/subjunctive sense implicit in the infinitival comparison. |
| 14 | τις | τις | PRON | RI-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἐξευρεῖν | nsubj | medium | Indefinite subject of the comparative infinitive. |
| 15 | βάρβαρος | βάρβαρος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἐξευρεῖν | predicative | medium | Predicative noun/adjective with τις; comparative clause is elliptical. |
| 16 | σοφίσματα | σόφισμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 ἐξευρεῖν | obj | high | |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 18 πολεμίους | case | high | |
| 18 | πολεμίους | πολέμιος | NOUN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἐξευρεῖν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘against enemies’. |
| 19 | ἐξευρεῖν | ἐξευρίσκω | VERB | V-2AAN | Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 11 εἶχεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of εἶχεν. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 11 εἶχεν | punct | high |