Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 10.20.7

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Passage 10.20.7

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2sentences parsed

91Greek tokens

1,998input tokens

6,315output tokens

Sentence 1

10.20.7 sentence 1

Tokens: 78
Input: 1,309
Output: 5,222
Total: 6,531

εὐθὺς οὖν τῇ ἐπιούσῃ νυκτί, οὐ καθότι ἦν τὰ ἀρχαῖα τῷ ποταμῷ ζεύγματα ἀλλὰ ἐς τὸ κάτω, ὡς μή τις τοῖς Ἕλλησι διαβαινόντων γένοιτο αἴσθησις, καὶ ᾗ μάλιστα ὁ Σπερχειὸς διεχεῖτο ἐς πλέον τοῦ πεδίου καὶ ἕλος τε ἐποίει καὶ λίμνην ἀντὶ βιαίου καὶ στενοῦ ῥεύματος, κατὰ τοῦτο ὁ Βρέννος ὅσον μυρίους τῶν Γαλατῶν ἀπέστειλεν, ὁπόσοι τε νεῖν ἠπίσταντο ἐξ αὐτῶν καὶ ὅστις τῷ μήκει τοῦ σώματος ἐτύγχανεν ὢν ὑπὲρ τοὺς πολλούς·

Complex sentence: Brennus sent swimmers downstream, where the river spread widely; several relative and purpose clauses are coordinated. The participle διαβαινόντων is genitive absolute with μή τις ... αἴσθησις, while ὁπόσοι and ὅστις identify the selected Gauls.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	εὐθὺς	εὐθύς	ADV	Adverb	_	59 ἀπέστειλεν	advmod	high
2	οὖν	οὖν	PART	Particle	_	59 ἀπέστειλεν	discourse	high
3	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 νυκτί	det	high
4	ἐπιούσῃ	ἔπειμι	ADJ	P-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	5 νυκτί	amod	high	Present participle used adjectivally, ‘following’.
5	νυκτί	νύξ	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	59 ἀπέστειλεν	obl	high	Temporal dative.
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	59 ἀπέστειλεν	punct	high
7	οὐ	οὐ	PART	D	_	9 ἦν	advmod	high
8	καθότι	καθότι	SCONJ	C	_	9 ἦν	mark	medium	Introduces the explanatory clause coordinated with ἀλλά.
9	ἦν	εἰμί	AUX	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	14 ζεύγματα	cop	high
10	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	14 ζεύγματα	det	high
11	ἀρχαῖα	ἀρχαῖος	ADJ	A-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	14 ζεύγματα	amod	high
12	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 ποταμῷ	det	high
13	ποταμῷ	ποταμός	NOUN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 ζεύγματα	obl	high	Dative with ζεύγματα, ‘across/over the river’.
14	ζεύγματα	ζεῦγμα	NOUN	N-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	59 ἀπέστειλεν	ccomp	medium	Predicate nominal of ἦν; the clause explains the route.
15	ἀλλὰ	ἀλλά	CCONJ	C	_	18 κάτω	cc	high
16	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	18 κάτω	case	high
17	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 κάτω	det	high
18	κάτω	κάτω	ADV	D	_	59 ἀπέστειλεν	obl	high	Substantivized direction, ‘downstream/downward’.
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	59 ἀπέστειλεν	punct	high
20	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	C	_	26 γένοιτο	mark	high	Purpose clause.
21	μή	μή	PART	D	_	26 γένοιτο	advmod	high
22	τις	τις	PRON	P-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	27 αἴσθησις	nsubj	high
23	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 Ἕλλησι	det	high
24	Ἕλλησι	Ἕλλην	PROPN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	26 γένοιτο	iobj	high	Dative of the observers.
25	διαβαινόντων	διαβαίνω	VERB	V-PAP-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	26 γένοιτο	advcl	high	Genitive absolute; subject is implicit/understood as the Gauls.
26	γένοιτο	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-2AO-M-3S	Mood=Opt\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	27 αἴσθησις	acl	high	Optative in purpose clause.
27	αἴσθησις	αἴσθησις	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	59 ἀπέστειλεν	advcl	high	Subject of γένοιτο; purpose clause attached to the main event.
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	59 ἀπέστειλεν	punct	high
29	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	34 διεχεῖτο	cc	high
30	ᾗ	ὅς	PRON	P-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	34 διεχεῖτο	advmod	medium	Relative adverbial dative, ‘where/in the place where’.
31	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	D	Degree=Sup	34 διεχεῖτο	advmod	high
32	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	33 Σπερχειὸς	det	high
33	Σπερχειὸς	Σπερχειός	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 διεχεῖτο	nsubj	high
34	διεχεῖτο	διαχέω	VERB	V-IPI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	59 ἀπέστειλεν	advcl	high	Locative relative clause.
35	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	36 πλέον	case	high
36	πλέον	πλείων	ADJ	A-ASN	Case=Acc\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	34 διεχεῖτο	obl	high	Accusative extent after ἐς, ‘over a greater part’.
37	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	38 πεδίου	det	high
38	πεδίου	πεδίον	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	36 πλέον	nmod	high
39	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	42 ἐποίει	cc	high
40	ἕλος	ἕλος	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	42 ἐποίει	obj	high
41	τε	τε	CCONJ	C	_	42 ἐποίει	cc	high
42	ἐποίει	ποιέω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	34 διεχεῖτο	conj	high	Coordinated with διεχεῖτο; subject remains Σπερχειός.
43	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	44 λίμνην	cc	high
44	λίμνην	λίμνη	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	42 ἐποίει	obj	high
45	ἀντὶ	ἀντί	ADP	P	_	49 ῥεύματος	case	high
46	βιαίου	βίαιος	ADJ	A-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	49 ῥεύματος	amod	high
47	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	48 στενοῦ	cc	high
48	στενοῦ	στενός	ADJ	A-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	49 ῥεύματος	amod	high
49	ῥεύματος	ῥεῦμα	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	42 ἐποίει	obl	high	Genitive complement of ἀντί.
50	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	59 ἀπέστειλεν	punct	high
51	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	P	_	52 τοῦτο	case	high
52	τοῦτο	οὗτος	PRON	P-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	59 ἀπέστειλεν	obl	high	‘At this point/in this place’.
53	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	54 Βρέννος	det	high
54	Βρέννος	Βρέννος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	59 ἀπέστειλεν	nsubj	high
55	ὅσον	ὅσος	ADV	P-ASN	PronType=Rel	56 μυρίους	advmod	high	Quantifying adverbial accusative, ‘about/as many as’.
56	μυρίους	μύριος	NUM	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|NumType=Card\|Number=Plur	59 ἀπέστειλεν	obj	high
57	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	58 Γαλατῶν	det	high
58	Γαλατῶν	Γαλάτης	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	56 μυρίους	nmod	high	Partitive genitive.
59	ἀπέστειλεν	ἀποστέλλω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
60	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	59 ἀπέστειλεν	punct	high
61	ὁπόσοι	ὁπόσος	PRON	P-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rel	64 ἠπίσταντο	nsubj	high	Free relative, subject of ἠπίσταντο.
62	τε	τε	CCONJ	C	_	64 ἠπίσταντο	cc	high
63	νεῖν	νέω	VERB	V-PAN	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	64 ἠπίσταντο	xcomp	high	Infinitive dependent on ἠπίσταντο.
64	ἠπίσταντο	ἐπίσταμαι	VERB	V-IMI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	59 ἀπέστειλεν	acl:relcl	high	Relative clause specifying the dispatched men.
65	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	P	_	66 αὐτῶν	case	high
66	αὐτῶν	αὐτός	PRON	P-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	64 ἠπίσταντο	obl	high	‘Among them/their number’.
67	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	73 ἐτύγχανεν	cc	high
68	ὅστις	ὅστις	PRON	P-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	73 ἐτύγχανεν	nsubj	high	Free relative, distributive singular.
69	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	70 μήκει	det	high
70	μήκει	μῆκος	NOUN	N-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	73 ἐτύγχανεν	obl	high	Dative of respect.
71	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	72 σώματος	det	high
72	σώματος	σῶμα	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	70 μήκει	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on μήκει.
73	ἐτύγχανεν	τυγχάνω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	64 ἠπίσταντο	conj	high	Coordinated criterion in the relative description.
74	ὢν	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	73 ἐτύγχανεν	cop	high	Supplementary participle with ἐτύγχανεν.
75	ὑπὲρ	ὑπέρ	ADP	P	_	77 πολλούς	case	high
76	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	77 πολλούς	det	high
77	πολλούς	πολύς	ADJ	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	74 ὢν	obl	high	Substantivized adjective, ‘the majority’; complement of ὑπέρ.
78	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	59 ἀπέστειλεν	punct	high

Sentence 2

10.20.7 sentence 2

Tokens: 13
Input: 689
Output: 1,093
Total: 1,782

εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ ἄλλως οἱ Κελτοὶ μακρῷ πάντας ὑπερηρκότες μήκει τοὺς ἀνθρώπους.

The copular clause has οἱ Κελτοί as subject and εἰσί as root; ὑπερηρκότες is a perfect active participle agreeing with the subject, with πάντας τοὺς ἀνθρώπους as its accusative object and μακρῷ μήκει as an instrumental/dimensional phrase. ἄλλως is adverbial, while καί is connective/adverbial.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	εἰσὶ	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Copular finite verb.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 εἰσὶ	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	καὶ	καί	ADV	ADV	_	4 ἄλλως	advmod	medium	Adverbial ‘also/even’; could alternatively be analyzed as a connective.
4	ἄλλως	ἄλλως	ADV	ADV	_	1 εἰσὶ	advmod	high	Adverb modifying the predication.
5	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T----NM-P	Case=Nom\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 Κελτοὶ	det	high	Article determining the ethnonym.
6	Κελτοὶ	Κελτός	PROPN	N---NM-P	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 ὑπερηρκότες	nsubj	high	Ethnic name, subject of the participial predication.
7	μακρῷ	μακρός	ADJ	A--DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 μήκει	amod	medium	Agreeing adjective modifying μήκει.
8	πάντας	πᾶς	ADJ	A-P--AM-P	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 ἀνθρώπους	amod	high	Quantifying adjective modifying τοὺς ἀνθρώπους.
9	ὑπερηρκότες	ὑπεραίρω	VERB	V-R直P-NMP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	1 εἰσὶ	xcomp	medium	Perfect active participle; used predicatively with εἰσί. The supplied participial code is represented descriptively because the exact treebank xpos convention is uncertain.
10	μήκει	μῆκος	NOUN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	9 ὑπερηρκότες	obl	high	Dative of measure or respect, ‘in length’.
11	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T----AM-P	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 ἀνθρώπους	det	high	Article determining ἀνθρώπους.
12	ἀνθρώπους	ἄνθρωπος	NOUN	N--PAM-P	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 ὑπερηρκότες	obj	high	Accusative object of ὑπερηρκότες.
13	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	1 εἰσὶ	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

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