Grammar parses for passage 10.20.7
Open translation for this passage
εὐθὺς οὖν τῇ ἐπιούσῃ νυκτί, οὐ καθότι ἦν τὰ ἀρχαῖα τῷ ποταμῷ ζεύγματα ἀλλὰ ἐς τὸ κάτω, ὡς μή τις τοῖς Ἕλλησι διαβαινόντων γένοιτο αἴσθησις, καὶ ᾗ μάλιστα ὁ Σπερχειὸς διεχεῖτο ἐς πλέον τοῦ πεδίου καὶ ἕλος τε ἐποίει καὶ λίμνην ἀντὶ βιαίου καὶ στενοῦ ῥεύματος, κατὰ τοῦτο ὁ Βρέννος ὅσον μυρίους τῶν Γαλατῶν ἀπέστειλεν, ὁπόσοι τε νεῖν ἠπίσταντο ἐξ αὐτῶν καὶ ὅστις τῷ μήκει τοῦ σώματος ἐτύγχανεν ὢν ὑπὲρ τοὺς πολλούς·
Main predicate is διεχεῖτο with several coordinated and subordinated clauses; some participial and relative constructions are syntactically compressed, especially the genitive absolute at διαβαινόντων and the relative clauses introduced by ὁπόσοι/ὅστις.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εὐθὺς | εὐθύς | ADV | _ | _ | 34 διεχεῖτο | advmod | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 34 διεχεῖτο | discourse | high | |
| 3 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 νυκτί | det | high | |
| 4 | ἐπιούσῃ | ἐπιοῦσα | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 νυκτί | amod | medium | Articular participle modifying νυκτί. |
| 5 | νυκτί | νύξ | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 διεχεῖτο | obl | high | |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 διεχεῖτο | punct | high | |
| 7 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 8 | καθότι | καθότι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἦν | mark | high | |
| 9 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 34 διεχεῖτο | advcl | high | |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 ἀρχαῖα | det | high | |
| 11 | ἀρχαῖα | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ζεύγματα | amod | high | |
| 12 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ποταμῷ | det | high | |
| 13 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ζεύγματα | nmod | high | |
| 14 | ζεύγματα | ζεῦγμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | _ | _ | 34 διεχεῖτο | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 18 κάτω | case | high | |
| 17 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 κάτω | det | high | |
| 18 | κάτω | κάτω | ADV | _ | _ | 9 ἦν | obl | high | |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 κάτω | punct | high | |
| 20 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 26 γένοιτο | mark | high | |
| 21 | μή | μή | PART | _ | _ | 26 γένοιτο | advmod | high | |
| 22 | τις | τις | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Com|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 27 αἴσθησις | nsubj | high | |
| 23 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 Ἕλλησι | det | high | |
| 24 | Ἕλλησι | Ἕλλην | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 διαβαινόντων | obl | medium | Ethnonym treated as proper name/noun. |
| 25 | διαβαινόντων | διαβαίνω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 27 αἴσθησις | advcl | high | |
| 26 | γένοιτο | γίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 9 ἦν | advcl | high | Final/result clause with μή. |
| 27 | αἴσθησις | αἴσθησις | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 γένοιτο | nsubj | high | |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 γένοιτο | punct | high | |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 34 διεχεῖτο | cc | high | |
| 30 | ᾗ | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 34 διεχεῖτο | obl | medium | Relative adverbial time/place ('where/when'). |
| 31 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | _ | _ | 34 διεχεῖτο | advmod | high | |
| 32 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 33 Σπερχειὸς | det | high | |
| 33 | Σπερχειὸς | Σπερχειός | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 διεχεῖτο | nsubj | high | |
| 34 | διεχεῖτο | διαχέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 35 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 36 πλέον | case | high | |
| 36 | πλέον | πλείων | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 34 διεχεῖτο | obl | high | |
| 37 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 38 πεδίου | det | high | |
| 38 | πεδίου | πεδίον | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 36 πλέον | nmod | high | |
| 39 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 42 ἐποίει | cc | high | |
| 40 | ἕλος | ἕλος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 42 ἐποίει | obj | medium | Coordinated with λίμνην as object/predicative result. |
| 41 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 40 ἕλος | advmod | high | |
| 42 | ἐποίει | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 34 διεχεῖτο | conj | high | |
| 43 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 44 λίμνην | cc | high | |
| 44 | λίμνην | λίμνη | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 42 ἐποίει | obj | high | |
| 45 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | _ | _ | 49 ῥεύματος | case | high | |
| 46 | βιαίου | βίαιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 49 ῥεύματος | amod | medium | Agreement with ῥεύματος. |
| 47 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 46 βιαίου | cc | high | |
| 48 | στενοῦ | στενός | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 49 ῥεύματος | amod | high | |
| 49 | ῥεύματος | ῥεῦμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 44 λίμνην | nmod | high | |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 διεχεῖτο | punct | high | |
| 51 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 52 τοῦτο | case | high | |
| 52 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 59 ἀπέστειλεν | obl | high | |
| 53 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 54 Βρέννος | det | high | |
| 54 | Βρέννος | Βρέννος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 59 ἀπέστειλεν | nsubj | high | |
| 55 | ὅσον | ὅσος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 56 μυρίους | amod | medium | Quantifier modifying μύριους. |
| 56 | μυρίους | μύριοι | NUM | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 59 ἀπέστειλεν | obj | high | |
| 57 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 58 Γαλατῶν | det | high | |
| 58 | Γαλατῶν | Γαλάτης | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 56 μυρίους | nmod | high | |
| 59 | ἀπέστειλεν | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 34 διεχεῖτο | conj | high | |
| 60 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 59 ἀπέστειλεν | punct | high | |
| 61 | ὁπόσοι | ὁπόσος | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 64 ἠπίσταντο | nsubj | high | |
| 62 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 61 ὁπόσοι | advmod | high | |
| 63 | νεῖν | νέω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 64 ἠπίσταντο | obj | medium | Infinitive complement of ἠπίσταντο. |
| 64 | ἠπίσταντο | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 59 ἀπέστειλεν | advcl | high | |
| 65 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 66 αὐτῶν | case | high | |
| 66 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 64 ἠπίσταντο | obl | high | |
| 67 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 68 ὅστις | cc | high | |
| 68 | ὅστις | ὅστις | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 73 ἐτύγχανεν | nsubj | high | |
| 69 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 70 μήκει | det | high | |
| 70 | μήκει | μῆκος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 73 ἐτύγχανεν | obl | high | |
| 71 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 72 σώματος | det | high | |
| 72 | σώματος | σῶμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 70 μήκει | nmod | high | |
| 73 | ἐτύγχανεν | τυγχάνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 59 ἀπέστειλεν | advcl | high | |
| 74 | ὢν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 73 ἐτύγχανεν | xcomp | high | |
| 75 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | _ | _ | 77 πολλούς | case | high | |
| 76 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 77 πολλούς | det | high | |
| 77 | πολλούς | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 74 ὢν | obl | high | |
| 78 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 διεχεῖτο | punct | high |
εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ ἄλλως οἱ Κελτοὶ μακρῷ πάντας ὑπερηρκότες μήκει τοὺς ἀνθρώπους.
The clause is built around a perfect participle with εἰσὶ as copula; μακρῷ is likely an adverbial/dative modifier with μήκει, though the exact syntactic attachment is somewhat interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 ὑπερηρκότες | cop | high | Copula of the participial predicate. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ὑπερηρκότες | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 ἄλλως | advmod | medium | Likely modifies ἄλλως as an additive particle; could also link clauses. |
| 4 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | _ | _ | 9 ὑπερηρκότες | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier of the participle. |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 Κελτοὶ | det | high | Article with ethnic noun. |
| 6 | Κελτοὶ | Κελτός | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ὑπερηρκότες | nsubj | high | Subject of the participle. |
| 7 | μακρῷ | μακρός | ADJ | A-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 μήκει | amod | medium | Likely dative modifier in the phrase μήκει; form and function are somewhat uncertain. |
| 8 | πάντας | πᾶς | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἀνθρώπους | amod | high | Attribute of ἀνθρώπους. |
| 9 | ὑπερηρκότες | ὑπερέχω | VERB | V-RAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate participle. |
| 10 | μήκει | μῆκος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ὑπερηρκότες | obl | high | Dative of measure/extent. |
| 11 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S-APM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 ἀνθρώπους | det | high | Article with ἀνθρώπους. |
| 12 | ἀνθρώπους | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ὑπερηρκότες | obj | high | Accusative object/complement of ὑπερηρκότες. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ὑπερηρκότες | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |