Grammar parses for passage 10.20.9
Open translation for this passage
ὁ δὲ ὡς κατὰ τὰς γεφύρας διεβίβασε τὴν στρατιάν, ἐχώρει πρὸς τὴν Ἡράκλειαν· καὶ διήρπασαν μὲν τὰ ἐκ τῆς χώρας οἱ Γαλάται καὶ ἀνθρώπους τοὺς ἐπὶ τῶν ἀγρῶν ἐγκαταληφθέντας ἐφόνευσαν, τὴν πόλιν δὲ οὐχ εἷλον.
Main clause chain with a participial/temporal opening (ὡς ... διεβίβασε) and coordinated narrative clauses; ἐγκαταληφθέντας modifies ἀνθρώπους.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 διεβίβασε | nsubj | high | Subject of διεβίβασε. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 7 διεβίβασε | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | c-------- | _ | 7 διεβίβασε | mark | high | Introduces temporal/comparative clause. |
| 4 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | r-------- | Case=Acc | 6 γεφύρας | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 5 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | l-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 γεφύρας | det | high | Article modifying γεφύρας. |
| 6 | γεφύρας | γεφυρά | NOUN | n-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 διεβίβασε | obl | high | Object of κατὰ. |
| 7 | διεβίβασε | διαβιβάζω | VERB | v-aor-act-ind-3s | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main root verb of first clause. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 στρατιάν | det | high | Article modifying στρατιάν. |
| 9 | στρατιάν | στρατιά | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 διεβίβασε | obj | high | Direct object of διεβίβασε. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 διεβίβασε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ἐχώρει | χωρέω | VERB | v-ipfa--3s | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated finite verb; treated as new root in shared-root annotation style. |
| 12 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | r-------- | Case=Acc | 14 Ἡράκλειαν | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Ἡράκλειαν | det | high | Article modifying Ἡράκλειαν. |
| 14 | Ἡράκλειαν | Ἡράκλεια | PROPN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐχώρει | obl | high | Goal of πρὸς. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐχώρει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 17 διήρπασαν | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 17 | διήρπασαν | διαρπάζω | VERB | v-aor-act-ind-3p | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 18 | μὲν | μέν | PART | g-------- | _ | 17 διήρπασαν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 19 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 χώρας | det | high | Article with country produce phrase. |
| 20 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | r-------- | Case=Gen | 22 χώρας | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 21 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 χώρας | det | high | Article modifying χώρας. |
| 22 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 τὰ | nmod | high | Genitive complement of τὰ. |
| 23 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 Γαλάται | det | high | Article used substantively with Γαλάται. |
| 24 | Γαλάται | Γαλάτης | NOUN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 διήρπασαν | nsubj | high | Subject of διήρπασαν. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 17 διήρπασαν | cc | high | Coordinator linking second predicate. |
| 26 | ἀνθρώπους | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | n-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 ἐφόνευσαν | obj | high | Object of ἐφόνευσαν. |
| 27 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | l-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 31 ἐγκαταληφθέντας | det | high | Article modifying participle phrase. |
| 28 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | r-------- | Case=Gen | 30 ἀγρῶν | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 29 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 30 ἀγρῶν | det | high | Article modifying ἀγρῶν. |
| 30 | ἀγρῶν | ἀγρός | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 ἐγκαταληφθέντας | obl | high | Object of ἐπί. |
| 31 | ἐγκαταληφθέντας | ἐγκαταλείπω | VERB | v-aor-pas-par-ma- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 26 ἀνθρώπους | amod | high | Participial modifier of ἀνθρώπους. |
| 32 | ἐφόνευσαν | φονεύω | VERB | v-aor-act-ind-3p | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 17 διήρπασαν | conj | high | Coordinated with διήρπασαν. |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἐφόνευσαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 34 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 35 πόλιν | det | high | Article modifying πόλιν. |
| 35 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 εἷλον | obj | high | Object of εἷλον. |
| 36 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 38 εἷλον | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 37 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | d-------- | _ | 38 εἷλον | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 38 | εἷλον | αἱρέω | VERB | v-aor-act-ind-3p | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 17 διήρπασαν | conj | high | Final coordinated verb. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 διήρπασαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἔτει γὰρ πρότερον τούτων οἱ Αἰτωλοὶ συντελεῖν τοὺς Ἡρακλεώτας ἠνάγκασαν ἐς τὸ Αἰτωλικόν· τότε οὖν ἠμύνοντο ὡς περὶ πόλεως οὐδέν τι Ἡρακλεώταις μᾶλλον ἢ καὶ αὑτοῖς προσηκούσης.
The second clause is syntactically loose: ὡς περὶ πόλεως ... προσηκούσης is best treated as a comparative/manner phrase with a genitive participial modifier of πόλεως.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἠνάγκασαν | obl | medium | Likely dative of time ('in the year'), though form could be read as dat./loc. anciently. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 10 ἠνάγκασαν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | _ | _ | 10 ἠνάγκασαν | advmod | high | Adverbial 'before/previously'. |
| 4 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 3 πρότερον | obl | high | Genitive with πρότερον ('before these'). |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 Αἰτωλοὶ | det | high | Article with Αἰτωλοί. |
| 6 | Αἰτωλοὶ | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἠνάγκασαν | nsubj | high | Proper ethnic noun used substantively. |
| 7 | συντελεῖν | συντελέω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 ἠνάγκασαν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive governed by ἠνάγκασαν. |
| 8 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Ἡρακλεώτας | det | high | Article with Ἡρακλεώτας. |
| 9 | Ἡρακλεώτας | Ἡρακλεώτης | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 συντελεῖν | obj | high | Object of συντελεῖν. |
| 10 | ἠνάγκασαν | ἀναγκάζω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 13 Αἰτωλικόν | case | high | Preposition governing τὸ Αἰτωλικόν. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 Αἰτωλικόν | det | high | Article with Αἰτωλικόν. |
| 13 | Αἰτωλικόν | Αἰτωλικός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἠνάγκασαν | obl | medium | Substantivized adjective as object of ἐς. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἠνάγκασαν | punct | high | Middle dot punctuation. |
| 15 | τότε | τότε | ADV | _ | _ | 17 ἠμύνοντο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 16 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 17 ἠμύνοντο | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 17 | ἠμύνοντο | ἀμύνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 18 | ὡς | ὡς | ADV | _ | _ | 17 ἠμύνοντο | advmod | medium | Introduces manner/comparison; syntax somewhat loose. |
| 19 | περὶ | περί | ADP | _ | _ | 17 ἠμύνοντο | obl | low | Likely part of phrase ὡς περὶ πόλεως modifying ἠμύνοντο. |
| 20 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 περὶ | obj | medium | Genitive after περί. |
| 21 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 τι | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative with τι, 'not at all'. |
| 22 | τι | τις | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 17 ἠμύνοντο | obj | medium | Part of negative idiom οὐδέν τι. |
| 23 | Ἡρακλεώταις | Ἡρακλεώτης | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 προσηκούσης | iobj | high | Dative with προσηκούσης. |
| 24 | μᾶλλον | μᾶλλον | ADV | _ | _ | 28 προσηκούσης | advmod | high | Comparative adverb. |
| 25 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 24 μᾶλλον | cc | high | Correlative comparative conjunction. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | ADV | _ | _ | 27 αὑτοῖς | advmod | high | Intensifying 'even'. |
| 27 | αὑτοῖς | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 28 προσηκούσης | iobj | medium | Reflexive/possessive dative coordinated with Ἡρακλεώταις. |
| 28 | προσηκούσης | προσήκω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 πόλεως | acl | medium | Genitive participle agreeing with πόλεως; clause is somewhat elliptical. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἠμύνοντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἦν δὲ καὶ τῷ Βρέννῳ τὰ μὲν Ἡρακλεωτῶν ἐλάσσονος φροντίδος, ἀγώνισμα δὲ ἐποιεῖτο ἐξελάσαι τε ἐκ τῶν στενῶν τοὺς ἀντικαθημένους καὶ παρελθεῖν ἐς τὴν ἐντὸς Θερμοπυλῶν Ἑλλάδα.
The syntax is two coordinated predications under ἦν, with a genitive predicate phrase (ἐλάσσονος φροντίδος) and a second clause using ἐποιεῖτο plus coordinated infinitival complements of purpose.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἦν | advmod | medium | Likely additive focus. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Βρέννῳ | det | high | Article with Βρέννῳ. |
| 5 | Βρέννῳ | Βρέννος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἦν | obl | high | Dative of reference/possessor. |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 φροντίδος | det | medium | Correlative article with μὲν phrase. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 6 τὰ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 8 | Ἡρακλεωτῶν | Ἡρακλεώτης | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 φροντίδος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of φροντίδος. |
| 9 | ἐλάσσονος | ἐλάσσων | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 φροντίδος | amod | high | Modifies φροντίδος. |
| 10 | φροντίδος | φροντίς | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicate complement with ἦν; sense 'was of less concern'. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | ἀγώνισμα | ἀγώνισμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐποιεῖτο | obj | medium | Accusative predicative complement with middle verb. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 14 ἐποιεῖτο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 14 | ἐποιεῖτο | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 1 ἦν | conj | high | Second main predication. |
| 15 | ἐξελάσαι | ἐξελαύνω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 ἐποιεῖτο | xcomp | high | Infinitival purpose/complement. |
| 16 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 15 ἐξελάσαι | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 17 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 19 στενῶν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 18 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 στενῶν | det | high | Article with στενῶν. |
| 19 | στενῶν | στενός | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἐξελάσαι | obl | high | Object of ἐκ. |
| 20 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 21 ἀντικαθημένους | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 21 | ἀντικαθημένους | ἀντικάθημαι | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 15 ἐξελάσαι | obj | medium | Participial object of infinitive; form may be middle/passive in function. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 ἐξελάσαι | cc | high | Coordinator linking infinitives. |
| 23 | παρελθεῖν | παρέρχομαι | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 15 ἐξελάσαι | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitive. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 28 Ἑλλάδα | case | high | Preposition. |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | Article with Ἑλλάδα. |
| 26 | ἐντὸς | ἐντός | ADP | _ | _ | 28 Ἑλλάδα | case | medium | Used adpositionally before Θερμοπυλῶν. |
| 27 | Θερμοπυλῶν | Θερμοπύλαι | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 28 Ἑλλάδα | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐντός. |
| 28 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 παρελθεῖν | obl | high | Goal of παρελθεῖν. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἦν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |