Grammar parses for passage 10.21.4
Open translation for this passage
ἐν τούτῳ δὲ οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν τριήρων Ἀθηναῖοι μόγις μὲν καὶ οὐκ ἄνευ κινδύνου, παραπλεύσαντες δὲ ὅμως διὰ τῆς ἰλύος, ἣ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἐπέχει τῆς θαλάσσης, καὶ τὰς ναῦς ὅτι ἐγγύτατα τῶν βαρβάρων σχόντες, βέλεσί τε παντοίοις ἐς τὰ πλάγια καὶ τοξεύμασιν ἐς αὐτοὺς ἐχρῶντο.
The sentence is a participial chain leading to the main verb ἐχρῶντο; ὅτι before ἐγγύτατα is syntactically ambiguous and may reflect an unusual textual connection, so it is annotated conservatively.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | Case=Dat | 21 ἰλύος | case | high | Introduces the dative phrase modifying ἐπέχει. |
| 2 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | PD-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 21 ἰλύος | obl | high | Dative demonstrative with ἐν. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 8 Ἀθηναῖοι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | l | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 Ἀθηναῖοι | det | high | Article with Ἀθηναῖοι. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | Case=Gen | 7 τριήρων | case | high | Marks genitive phrase modifying Ἀθηναῖοι. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 τριήρων | det | high | Article with τριήρων. |
| 7 | τριήρων | τριήρης | NOUN | n-p---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 Ἀθηναῖοι | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐπί in attributive phrase. |
| 8 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | a-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 49 ἐχρῶντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐχρῶντο. |
| 9 | μόγις | μόγις | ADV | D | _ | 16 παραπλεύσαντες | advmod | high | Modifies παραπλεύσαντες. |
| 10 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G | _ | 16 παραπλεύσαντες | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 12 οὐκ | cc | high | Coordinates with οὐκ. |
| 12 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D | Polarity=Neg | 14 κινδύνου | advmod | high | Negates ἄνευ. |
| 13 | ἄνευ | ἄνευ | ADP | R | Case=Gen | 14 κινδύνου | case | high | Preposition governing κινδύνου. |
| 14 | κινδύνου | κίνδυνος | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 παραπλεύσαντες | obl | high | Prepositional complement of the participle. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 παραπλεύσαντες | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | παραπλεύσαντες | παραπλέω | VERB | a-papamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 49 ἐχρῶντο | advcl | high | Adverbial participle modifying the main verb. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 16 παραπλεύσαντες | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 18 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | D | _ | 16 παραπλεύσαντες | advmod | high | Modifies παραπλεύσαντες. |
| 19 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R | Case=Gen | 21 ἰλύος | case | high | Introduces genitive phrase. |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 ἰλύος | det | high | Article with ἰλύος. |
| 21 | ἰλύος | ἰλύς | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 παραπλεύσαντες | obl | high | Complement of διὰ. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 παραπλεύσαντες | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 23 | ἣ | ὅς | PRON | p-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 26 ἐπέχει | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to ἰλύος. |
| 24 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | Case=Acc | 25 πλεῖστον | case | high | Takes accusative πλεῖστον. |
| 25 | πλεῖστον | πλεῖστος | ADJ | a-s---nas | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 ἐπέχει | obl | high | Accusative extent with ἐπέχει. |
| 26 | ἐπέχει | ἐπέχω | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 23 ἣ | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause verb. |
| 27 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 θαλάσσης | det | high | Article with θαλάσσης. |
| 28 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἐπέχει | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐπέχει. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἐπέχει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 37 σχόντες | cc | high | Coordinates participial predicates. |
| 31 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | l | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 32 ναῦς | det | high | Article with ναῦς. |
| 32 | ναῦς | ναῦς | NOUN | n-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 37 σχόντες | obj | high | Object of σχόντες. |
| 33 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | c | _ | 34 ἐγγύτατα | mark | medium | Likely governs following superlative phrase; syntax slightly uncertain. |
| 34 | ἐγγύτατα | ἐγγύτατα | ADV | D | Degree=Sup | 37 σχόντες | advmod | high | Adverb modifying σχόντες. |
| 35 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 36 βαρβάρων | det | high | Article with βαρβάρων. |
| 36 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 34 ἐγγύτατα | obl | high | Genitive complement associated with ἐγγύτατα. |
| 37 | σχόντες | ἔχω | VERB | a-papamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 49 ἐχρῶντο | advcl | high | Adverbial participle modifying the main verb. |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 37 σχόντες | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 39 | βέλεσί | βέλος | NOUN | n-p---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 49 ἐχρῶντο | obl | high | Dative instrument. |
| 40 | τε | τε | PART | G | _ | 39 βέλεσί | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 41 | παντοίοις | πάντοιος | ADJ | a-p---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 39 βέλεσί | amod | high | Modifies βέλεσι. |
| 42 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | R | Case=Acc | 44 πλάγια | case | high | Introduces accusative phrase. |
| 43 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 44 πλάγια | det | high | Article with πλάγια. |
| 44 | πλάγια | πλάγιος | ADJ | a-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 49 ἐχρῶντο | obl | high | Goal/direction with ἐς. |
| 45 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 46 τοξεύμασιν | cc | high | Coordinates instrumental phrase. |
| 46 | τοξεύμασιν | τόξευμα | NOUN | n-p---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 39 βέλεσί | conj | high | Conjunct with βέλεσί. |
| 47 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | R | Case=Acc | 48 αὐτοὺς | case | high | Introduces accusative pronoun. |
| 48 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | p-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 49 ἐχρῶντο | obl | high | Goal/target of the weapons. |
| 49 | ἐχρῶντο | χράομαι | VERB | v3piim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb; deponent imperfect. |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 49 ἐχρῶντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
καμνόντων δὲ λόγου μειζόνως τῶν Κελτῶν καὶ ἅτε ἐν στενοχωρίᾳ μικρὰ μὲν δρώντων, διπλάσια δὲ καὶ τετραπλάσια πασχόντων, ἀναχωρεῖν ἐς τὸ στρατόπεδον ἐσήμαινόν σφισιν οἱ ἡγεμόνες.
Three genitive absolute participles are coordinated before the main clause; ἅτε introduces a causal/comparative participial modifier, and ἀναχωρεῖν is complementary to ἐσήμαινόν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καμνόντων | κάμνω | VERB | V-PPP-AMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 28 ἡγεμόνες | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle modifying the main clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 καμνόντων | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 μειζόνως | obj | low | Likely genitive with μειζόνως in the sense 'more than spoken of'; syntactic attachment uncertain. |
| 4 | μειζόνως | μείζων | ADV | D | _ | 1 καμνόντων | advmod | high | Adverb modifying καμνόντων. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 Κελτῶν | det | high | Article with Κελτῶν. |
| 6 | Κελτῶν | Κελτοί | PROPN | Np---MG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 καμνόντων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 ἅτε | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 8 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 1 καμνόντων | mark | high | Causal/comparative marker introducing participial clause. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 10 στενοχωρίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing στενοχωρίᾳ. |
| 10 | στενοχωρίᾳ | στενοχωρία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 δρώντων | obl | high | Locative/dative complement of the participle δρώντων. |
| 11 | μικρὰ | μικρός | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 δρώντων | obj | high | Accusative neuter plural object of δρώντων. |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 11 μικρὰ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 13 | δρώντων | δράω | VERB | V-PPP-AMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 καμνόντων | conj | high | Second genitive absolute participle coordinated with καμνόντων. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 καμνόντων | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | διπλάσια | διπλάσιος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 πασχόντων | obj | high | Accusative neuter plural object of πασχόντων. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 15 διπλάσια | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 τετραπλάσια | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 18 | τετραπλάσια | τετραπλάσιος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 πασχόντων | obj | high | Coordinated object of πασχόντων. |
| 19 | πασχόντων | πάσχω | VERB | V-PPP-AMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 καμνόντων | conj | high | Third genitive absolute participle coordinated with the preceding ones. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 καμνόντων | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 21 | ἀναχωρεῖν | ἀναχωρέω | VERB | V-PAI | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 25 ἐσήμαινόν | xcomp | high | Complement of ἐσήμαινόν. |
| 22 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 24 στρατόπεδον | case | high | Preposition governing στρατόπεδον. |
| 23 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 στρατόπεδον | det | high | Article with στρατόπεδον. |
| 24 | στρατόπεδον | στρατόπεδον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἀναχωρεῖν | obl | high | Goal phrase of ἀναχωρεῖν. |
| 25 | ἐσήμαινόν | σημαίνω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb; orthography likely enclitic/augmentless form in text. |
| 26 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DP3 | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 25 ἐσήμαινόν | iobj | high | Indirect object 'to them'. |
| 27 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 28 ἡγεμόνες | det | high | Article with ἡγεμόνες. |
| 28 | ἡγεμόνες | ἡγεμών | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐσήμαινόν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐσήμαινόν. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἐσήμαινόν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
οἱ δὲ ἀτάκτως καὶ σὺν οὐδενὶ ἀναστρέφοντες κόσμῳ πολλοὶ μὲν συνεπατήθησαν ὑπὸ ἀλλήλων, πολλοὶ δὲ ἐς τὸ τέλμα ἐμπεσόντες ἠφανίσθησαν κατὰ τοῦ πηλοῦ, καὶ ἀπώλεια οὐκ ἐλάσσων ἀναχωροῦσιν αὐτοῖς ἢ ἐν τοῦ ἀγῶνος συνέβη τῇ ἀκμῇ.
The final clause is somewhat compressed; ἀναχωροῦσιν αὐτοῖς and ἐν τοῦ ἀγῶνος συνέβη τῇ ἀκμῇ are syntactically awkward, so attachments there are necessarily tentative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 ἀναστρέφοντες | det | high | Article modifying participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 11 συνεπατήθησαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀτάκτως | ἀτάκτως | ADV | _ | _ | 7 ἀναστρέφοντες | advmod | high | Adverb modifying participle. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 σὺν | cc | high | Connects prepositional phrases. |
| 5 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | _ | _ | 7 ἀναστρέφοντες | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 6 | οὐδενὶ | οὐδείς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 5 σὺν | obl | high | Object of σὺν. |
| 7 | ἀναστρέφοντες | ἀναστρέφω | VERB | _ | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 πολλοὶ | amod | medium | Attributive participle modifying οἱ. |
| 8 | κόσμῳ | κόσμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀναστρέφοντες | obl | high | Dative with ἀναστρέφω / σὺν phrase. |
| 9 | πολλοὶ | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 συνεπατήθησαν | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of συνεπατήθησαν. |
| 10 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 11 συνεπατήθησαν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 11 | συνεπατήθησαν | συμπατέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 12 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 11 συνεπατήθησαν | case | high | Marks agent phrase. |
| 13 | ἀλλήλων | ἀλλήλων | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|PronType=Rcp | 12 ὑπὸ | obl | high | Agent/complement of ὑπό. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 συνεπατήθησαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | πολλοὶ | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἠφανίσθησαν | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of ἠφανίσθησαν. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 21 ἠφανίσθησαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 20 ἐμπεσόντες | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 18 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 τέλμα | det | high | Article modifying τέλμα. |
| 19 | τέλμα | τέλμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἐμπεσόντες | obl | high | Goal of ἐμπεσόντες. |
| 20 | ἐμπεσόντες | ἐμπίπτω | VERB | _ | Aspect=Aor|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἠφανίσθησαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle. |
| 21 | ἠφανίσθησαν | ἀφανίζω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 22 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 21 ἠφανίσθησαν | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 23 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 πηλοῦ | det | high | Article modifying πηλοῦ. |
| 24 | πηλοῦ | πηλός | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἠφανίσθησαν | obl | medium | Likely phrase with κατά, semantics somewhat unclear. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἠφανίσθησαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 27 ἀπώλεια | cc | high | Coordinates clause with ἀπώλεια as subject. |
| 27 | ἀπώλεια | ἀπώλεια | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 συνέβη | nsubj | high | Subject of συνέβη. |
| 28 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 29 ἐλάσσων | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 29 | ἐλάσσων | ἐλάσσων | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἀπώλεια | amod | medium | Predicate/adjectival modifier of ἀπώλεια. |
| 30 | ἀναχωροῦσιν | ἀναχωρέω | VERB | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 36 συνέβη | iobj | medium | Dative participial form; likely dependent on συνέβη with sense 'for those retreating'. |
| 31 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 36 συνέβη | iobj | high | Dative pronoun, likely indirect object/beneficiary. |
| 32 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 36 συνέβη | cc | high | Introduces comparison. |
| 33 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 36 συνέβη | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 34 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 35 ἀγῶνος | det | high | Article modifying ἀγῶνος. |
| 35 | ἀγῶνος | ἀγών | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 συνέβη | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐν. |
| 36 | συνέβη | συμβαίνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of final clause. |
| 37 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 38 ἀκμῇ | det | high | Article modifying ἀκμῇ. |
| 38 | ἀκμῇ | ἀκμή | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 συνέβη | obl | medium | Dative phrase with συνέβη; exact relation is context-dependent. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 36 συνέβη | punct | high | Punctuation. |