Grammar parses for passage 10.21.5
Open translation for this passage
αὐτῶν δὲ Ἀθηναίων Κυδίας μάλιστα ἐγένετο ἀγαθός, νέος τε ἡλικίαν καὶ τότε ἐς ἀγῶνα ἐλθὼν πολέμου πρῶτον.
Κυδίας is the subject of ἐγένετο; ἀγαθός is its predicative complement, while νέος and ἐλθών provide coordinated circumstantial description.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GEN-3P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 3 Ἀθηναίων | det | medium | Genitive possessive/partitive dependent on Ἀθηναίων; exact scope is somewhat elliptical. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἐγένετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-GEN-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Κυδίας | nmod | high | Genitive of the Athenians, modifying Κυδίας. |
| 4 | Κυδίας | Κυδίας | PROPN | N-NOM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | ADV | Degree=Sup | 7 ἀγαθός | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying ἀγαθός. |
| 6 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AOR-MI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἀγαθός | ἀγαθός | ADJ | A-NOM-S-M | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐγένετο | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with ἐγένετο. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐγένετο | punct | high | |
| 9 | νέος | νέος | ADJ | A-NOM-S-M | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐλθὼν | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective in the coordinated participial description; understood subject is Κυδίας. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 νέος | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἡλικίαν | ἡλικία | NOUN | N-ACC-S-F | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 νέος | obl | medium | Accusative of respect: young in age. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἐλθὼν | cc | high | |
| 13 | τότε | τότε | ADV | ADV | PronType=Dem | 16 ἐλθὼν | advmod | high | |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 ἀγῶνα | case | high | |
| 15 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N-ACC-S-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐλθὼν | obl | high | Object of motion with ἐς. |
| 16 | ἐλθὼν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-AOR-ACT-PTCP-NOM-S-M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 ἐγένετο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, coordinated with the preceding description. |
| 17 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-GEN-S-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἀγῶνα | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ἀγῶνα, likely ‘a contest/engagement of war’. |
| 18 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | A-ACC-S-M | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐλθὼν | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘for the first time’; form is homonymous with neuter adjective. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐγένετο | punct | high |
ἀποθανόντος δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν Γαλατῶν τὴν ἀσπίδα οἱ προσήκοντες ἀνέθεσαν τῷ Ἐλευθερίῳ Διί, καὶ ἦν τὸ ἐπίγραμμα·
Genitive absolute ἀποθανόντος δὲ ('after he had died') has an understood singular masculine subject, with ὑπό + genitive agent; οἱ προσήκοντες is the substantivized nominative plural subject of ἀνέθεσαν. The clause after καί is elliptical/copular: τὸ ἐπίγραμμα is the subject and ἦν the predicate, with the inscription text omitted after the colon.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀποθανόντος | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-2AAP-GMS | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 10 ἀνέθεσαν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute; understood masculine singular subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | Polarity=Pos | 1 ἀποθανόντος | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R--------- | _ | 1 ἀποθανόντος | case | high | Introduces the agent with a passive-context genitive. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | LPGP | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 5 Γαλατῶν | det | high | |
| 5 | Γαλατῶν | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 1 ἀποθανόντος | obl:agent | high | Galatians as the agent of the implied death. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 7 ἀσπίδα | det | high | |
| 7 | ἀσπίδα | ἀσπίς | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 10 ἀνέθεσαν | obj | high | Object of ἀνέθεσαν. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 9 προσήκοντες | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 9 | προσήκοντες | προσήκω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 10 ἀνέθεσαν | nsubj | high | Substantivized participle: 'the relatives/kinsmen'. |
| 10 | ἀνέθεσαν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-IAA-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 12 Ἐλευθερίῳ | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἐλευθερίῳ | Ἐλευθέριος | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 13 Διί | amod | high | Epithet used substantivally with Διί. |
| 13 | Διί | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 10 ἀνέθεσαν | iobj | high | Dative recipient/dedicatee; form Διί is the dative of Ζεύς. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀνέθεσαν | punct | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 16 ἦν | cc | high | Coordinates the following copular clause. |
| 16 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PII-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 10 ἀνέθεσαν | conj | high | Copular verb; clause coordinated with ἀνέθεσαν. |
| 17 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-NSN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 18 ἐπίγραμμα | det | high | |
| 18 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 16 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of the copular clause; inscription text follows but is not included. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἦν | punct | high | Colon-like punctuation marking the omitted/following inscription. |
† ημαρλα δὴ ποθέουσα νέαν ἔτι Κυδίου ἥβην ἀσπὶς ἀριζήλου φωτός, ἄγαλμα Διί, ἇς διὰ δὴ πρώτας λαιὸν τότε πῆχυν ἔτεινεν, εὖτʼ ἐπὶ τὸν Γαλάταν ἤκμασε θοῦρος Ἄρης.
The opening ημαρλα is textually corrupt/uncertain; the following poetic syntax is also difficult, especially ἇς and πρώτας. I analyze the finite clauses with ἤκμασε as the main root and ἔτεινεν as a coordinated/embedded historical clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | † | † | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ημαρλα | punct | high | Critical-text marker. |
| 2 | ημαρλα | ημαρλα | X | _ | _ | 23 ἔτεινεν | dep | low | Corrupt or uninterpretable transmitted form. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | Polarity=Pos | 4 ποθέουσα | advmod | medium | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | ποθέουσα | ποθέω | VERB | V-PPAP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 23 ἔτεινεν | advcl | medium | Present active participle, feminine nominative singular; subject is understood/poetic. |
| 5 | νέαν | νέος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἥβην | amod | high | |
| 6 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D | _ | 4 ποθέουσα | advmod | high | |
| 7 | Κυδίου | Κύδιος | PROPN | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἥβην | nmod | medium | Proper name; dependent genitive. |
| 8 | ἥβην | ἥβη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ποθέουσα | obj | medium | Object of ποθέουσα. |
| 9 | ἀσπὶς | ἀσπίς | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἄγαλμα | nsubj | medium | Subject/predicative topic of the nominal apposition. |
| 10 | ἀριζήλου | ἀριζήλος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 φωτός | amod | high | |
| 11 | φωτός | φῶς | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἀσπὶς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀσπίς, poetic description. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀσπὶς | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἔτεινεν | appos | medium | Appositional noun, with gender mismatch reflecting poetic construction. |
| 14 | Διί | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Dative of dedication/reference. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἄγαλμα | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἇς | ὅς | PRON | P-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἔτεινεν | obj | low | Form and antecedent are uncertain; analyzed as relative pronoun. |
| 17 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R | _ | 20 λαιὸν | case | high | Preposition governing λαιόν. |
| 18 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | Polarity=Pos | 23 ἔτεινεν | advmod | medium | Emphatic particle. |
| 19 | πρώτας | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-APF | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 ἔτεινεν | advmod | low | Morphology is formally feminine accusative plural; syntactic function uncertain. |
| 20 | λαιὸν | λαιός | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 πῆχυν | amod | high | |
| 21 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D | _ | 23 ἔτεινεν | advmod | high | |
| 22 | πῆχυν | πῆχυς | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἔτεινεν | obj | high | |
| 23 | ἔτεινεν | τείνω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 29 ἤκμασε | advcl | medium | Imperfect; clause linked to the main finite verb. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἔτεινεν | punct | high | |
| 25 | εὖτʼ | εὖτε | SCONJ | C | _ | 29 ἤκμασε | mark | high | Elided temporal conjunction εὖτε. |
| 26 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 28 Γαλάταν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 27 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 Γαλάταν | det | high | |
| 28 | Γαλάταν | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἤκμασε | obl | high | Accusative object of ἐπί. |
| 29 | ἤκμασε | ἀκμάζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 30 | θοῦρος | θοῦρος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 Ἄρης | amod | high | |
| 31 | Ἄρης | Ἄρης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἤκμασε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἤκμασε. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἤκμασε | punct | high |