Grammar parses for passage 10.22.1
Open translation for this passage
ἑβδόμῃ δὲ ὕστερον μετὰ τὴν μάχην λόχος τῶν Γαλατῶν ἀνελθεῖν ἐς τὴν Οἴτην ἐπεχείρησε κατὰ Ἡράκλειαν·
The temporal dative ἑβδόμῃ is treated as an adverbial modifier of ὕστερον; ἀνελθεῖν is the infinitival complement of ἐπεχείρησε.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἑβδόμῃ | ἕβδομος | ADJ | A--FS-D- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ὕστερον | obl | medium | Dative feminine ordinal, probably temporal (‘on the seventh day’); substantival/adverbial use. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἐπεχείρησε | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 14 ἐπεχείρησε | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative, ‘later/afterwards’. |
| 4 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 μάχην | case | high | |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 μάχην | det | high | |
| 6 | μάχην | μάχη | NOUN | N1ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπεχείρησε | obl | high | Prepositional temporal adjunct. |
| 7 | λόχος | λόχος | NOUN | N2SMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπεχείρησε | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Γαλατῶν | det | high | |
| 9 | Γαλατῶν | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N3GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 λόχος | nmod | high | Ethnic proper noun used collectively. |
| 10 | ἀνελθεῖν | ἀνέρχομαι | VERB | V--ANM-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 ἐπεχείρησε | xcomp | high | |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 Οἴτην | case | high | |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Οἴτην | det | high | |
| 13 | Οἴτην | Οἴτη | PROPN | N1ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνελθεῖν | obl | high | Mountain name; governed by ἐς. |
| 14 | ἐπεχείρησε | ἐπιχειρέω | VERB | V3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 Ἡράκλειαν | case | high | |
| 16 | Ἡράκλειαν | Ἡράκλεια | PROPN | N1ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπεχείρησε | obl | medium | Place-name with κατά; exact spatial nuance depends on context. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐπεχείρησε | punct | high |
ἀτραπὸς δὲ στενὴ καὶ ταύτῃ μετὰ ταῦτα τὰ ἐρείπια ἀνήκει τὰ Τραχῖνος·
The sentence is elliptical: ἀτραπός is the subject, στενή the predicate adjective, and ταύτῃ likely an adverbial dative meaning ‘by this route’; μετὰ ταῦτα introduces the subsequent location/context. ἀνήκει is parsed as ‘extends/reaches toward’; Τραχῖνος is a proper-name genitive dependent on τὰ ἐρείπια, with the article agreeing with the neuter plural noun.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀτραπὸς | ἀτραπός | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνήκει | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἀνήκει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | στενὴ | στενός | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀτραπὸς | amod | medium | Predicate-like adjective with omitted copula; attached to the subject. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἀνήκει | cc | medium | Coordinates the following adverbial phrase; exact scope is somewhat elliptical. |
| 5 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | PRON | D-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 10 ἀνήκει | obl | medium | Likely adverbial dative, ‘by/in this [route]’; feminine agrees notionally with ἀτραπός. |
| 6 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 ταῦτα | case | high | |
| 7 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | D-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 10 ἀνήκει | obl | high | Accusative object of μετά; temporal phrase ‘after these things’. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 ἐρείπια | det | high | |
| 9 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἀνήκει | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀνήκει. |
| 10 | ἀνήκει | ἀνήκω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Present active 3sg; construed here with an accusative extent/object and directional genitive. |
| 11 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Τραχῖνος | det | high | |
| 12 | Τραχῖνος | Τραχῖνος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐρείπια | nmod | high | Genitive proper name, ‘of Trachis’; article and name form a genitive modifier of ἐρείπια. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 10 ἀνήκει | punct | high |
ἦν δὲ καὶ ἱερὸν Ἀθηνᾶς τότε ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως Τραχινίδος καὶ ἀναθήματα ἐν αὐτῷ.
Imperfect εἰμί introduces an existential coordination: a sanctuary of Athena existed above Trachis, and votive offerings were in it; πόλεως Τραχινίδος is a genitive apposition/specification.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V- Impf Ind Act 3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 4 ἱερὸν | cop | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἱερὸν | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | Polarity=Pos | 4 ἱερὸν | advmod | medium | Here additive, ‘also’; may alternatively be analyzed as coordinating the two existential clauses. |
| 4 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | NOUN | N- Nom Acc Neut Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Neuter nominative predicate/subject of the existential clause. |
| 5 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N- Gen Fem Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | |
| 6 | τότε | τότε | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 7 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 πόλεως | case | high | |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T- Gen Fem Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 πόλεως | det | high | |
| 9 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N- Gen Fem Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἱερὸν | obl | high | Object of ὑπέρ, expressing location/position above the city. |
| 10 | Τραχινίδος | Τραχινίς | PROPN | N- Gen Fem Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 πόλεως | appos | high | Genitive proper-name apposition to πόλεως. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἀναθήματα | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἀναθήματα | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | N- Nom Acc Neut Pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἱερὸν | conj | medium | Coordinated second existential subject/predicate; understood ἦν is shared. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 αὐτῷ | case | high | |
| 14 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P- Dat Masc/Neut Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 12 ἀναθήματα | obl | high | Refers to the sanctuary; masculine/neuter form is syncretic. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἱερὸν | punct | high |
ἔς τε οὖν τὴν Οἴτην ἀναβήσεσθαι κατὰ τὴν ἀτραπὸν ἤλπιζον καὶ ἅμα προσέσεσθαί σφισιν ἐν παρέργῳ τὰ ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ τὴν φρουρὰν οἰομένου Τελεσάρχῳ.
The coordinated infinitives ἀναβήσεσθαι and προσέσεσθαι are governed by ἤλπιζον; οἰομένου is a genitive absolute with Τελεσάρχῳ, while τὴν φρουράν is its accusative subject and τὰ ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ its nominative predicate/subject complement in the anticipated construction. The exact attachment of τὰ ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ is syntactically difficult and marked low confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔς | εἰς | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 5 Οἴτην | case | high | Epic/orthographic variant of εἰς. |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 3 οὖν | cc | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D- | _ | 10 ἤλπιζον | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Οἴτην | det | high | |
| 5 | Οἴτην | Οἴτη | PROPN | Ne--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Number=Sing | 6 ἀναβήσεσθαι | obl | high | Accusative governed by εἰς. |
| 6 | ἀναβήσεσθαι | ἀναβαίνω | VERB | V--FNM-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 10 ἤλπιζον | xcomp | high | First infinitive governed by ἤλπιζον. |
| 7 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 9 ἀτραπὸν | case | high | |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ἀτραπὸν | det | high | |
| 9 | ἀτραπὸν | ἀτραπός | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀναβήσεσθαι | obl | high | Route adjunct with κατά. |
| 10 | ἤλπιζον | ἐλπίζω | VERB | V-IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 13 προσέσεσθαί | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitive. |
| 12 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | D- | _ | 13 προσέσεσθαί | advmod | high | Temporal/concomitant adverb. |
| 13 | προσέσεσθαί | πρόσειμι | VERB | V-FNM-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 10 ἤλπιζον | xcomp | high | Second infinitive governed by ἤλπιζον; form is future of πρόσειμι. |
| 14 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | RP--3PD- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 13 προσέσεσθαί | iobj | high | Dative of association/possession with προσέσεσθαι. |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 16 παρέργῳ | case | high | |
| 16 | παρέργῳ | πάρεργον | NOUN | N--DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 προσέσεσθαί | obl | high | Fixed expression ἐν παρέργῳ, 'incidentally/as a by-work'. |
| 17 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA--NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 ἱεροῦ | det | medium | Article with substantivized/nominalized phrase. |
| 18 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 20 ἱεροῦ | case | high | |
| 19 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 ἱεροῦ | det | high | |
| 20 | ἱεροῦ | ἱερόν | NOUN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 τὰ | nmod | medium | Form is morphologically ambiguous in isolation; interpreted as genitive neuter noun after ἐκ. |
| 21 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 φρουρὰν | det | high | |
| 22 | φρουρὰν | φρουρά | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 οἰομένου | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitival/genitive-absolute predication; attachment is syntactically compressed. |
| 23 | οἰομένου | οἴομαι | VERB | V-PNP-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 13 προσέσεσθαί | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute participle; its genitive subject is Τελεσάρχῳ. |
| 24 | Τελεσάρχῳ | Τελέσαρχος | PROPN | Ne--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NameType=Pers|Number=Sing | 23 οἰομένου | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject; proper-name inflection is orthographically irregular/uncertain. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | U | _ | 10 ἤλπιζον | punct | high |
καὶ νικῶσι μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρους τῇ μάχῃ, αὐτὸς δὲ ἔπεσεν ὁ Τελέσαρχος, ἀνήρ εἴπερ τις καὶ ἄλλος πρόθυμος ἐς τὰ Ἑλλήνων.
Coordinated clause: νικῶσι has understood subject (likely the preceding group), while αὐτὸς ὁ Τελέσαρχος is the subject of ἔπεσεν. The final phrase πρόθυμος ἐς τὰ Ἑλλήνων is predicative/appositional to Τελέσαρχος; τὰ Ἑλλήνων is an elliptical substantivized expression, probably ‘the affairs/interests of the Greeks’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 2 νικῶσι | cc | high | |
| 2 | νικῶσι | νικάω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated finite clause. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 2 νικῶσι | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with following δέ. |
| 4 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Art-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 βαρβάρους | det | high | |
| 5 | βαρβάρους | βάρβαρος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 νικῶσι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 6 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | Art-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 μάχῃ | det | high | |
| 7 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 νικῶσι | obl | high | Dative of means or circumstance. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 2 νικῶσι | punct | high | |
| 9 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 11 ἔπεσεν | nsubj | high | Emphatic pronoun modifying/specifying ὁ Τελέσαρχος. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 11 ἔπεσεν | cc | high | Correlative with μέν. |
| 11 | ἔπεσεν | πίπτω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 2 νικῶσι | conj | high | Second coordinated finite clause. |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Τελέσαρχος | det | high | |
| 13 | Τελέσαρχος | Τελέσαρχος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἔπεσεν | nsubj | high | Personal name. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 11 ἔπεσεν | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἀνήρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Τελέσαρχος | appos | high | Apposition to Τελέσαρχος. |
| 16 | εἴπερ | εἴπερ | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 20 πρόθυμος | mark | medium | Introduces an idiomatic emphatic comparative/identifying clause. |
| 17 | τις | τις | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 20 πρόθυμος | nsubj | medium | Subject of understood/copular clause. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 19 ἄλλος | cc | high | |
| 19 | ἄλλος | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 τις | amod | high | With τις: ‘any other [man]’. |
| 20 | πρόθυμος | πρόθυμος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἀνήρ | conj | medium | Predicative adjective, coordinated/appositional with ἀνήρ; εἴπερ clause has an understood copula. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 22 τὰ | case | high | |
| 22 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Art-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 Ἑλλήνων | det | high | Article with elliptical/substantivized expression. |
| 23 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 πρόθυμος | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on an ellipted noun under τὰ; ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 11 ἔπεσεν | punct | high |