Grammar parses for passage 10.21.7
Open translation for this passage
ὀλιγώρως δὲ αὐτοὺς ἐς τῶν ἀπογινομένων ἔχειν τὰς ταφὰς δύο ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν τὰ ἀναπείθοντα ἦν, πολεμίους τε ἄνδρας ἐκπλῆξαι καὶ ὅτι ἔστι τεθνεώτων οὐ διʼ ἔθους οἶκτος αὐτοῖς.
The sentence has a loose reported-judgment structure; the final ὅτι-clause is attached as a coordinated explanatory clause, and the syntax of the participial/infinitival sequence is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὀλιγώρως | ὀλιγώρως | ADV | D--------- | _ | 15 ἦν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the main clause predicate. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 15 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 7 ἔχειν | obj | high | Object of ἔχειν. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 9 ταφὰς | case | high | Preposition governing τὰς ταφάς. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Pd-----g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἀπογινομένων | det | high | Article modifying ἀπογινομένων. |
| 6 | ἀπογινομένων | ἀπογίγνομαι | VERB | V--PMPG--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 9 ταφὰς | nmod | medium | Participle used substantively, depending on ταφάς via ἐς. |
| 7 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | V--PAN---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 15 ἦν | xcomp | high | Complement of δοκεῖν. |
| 8 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | Pd-----fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 ταφὰς | det | high | Article modifying ταφάς. |
| 9 | ταφὰς | ταφή | NOUN | N--PF---A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἔχειν | obj | high | Object of ἔχειν within the infinitival phrase. |
| 10 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M--------- | NumType=Card | 9 ταφὰς | nummod | high | Numeral modifying ταφάς. |
| 11 | ἐμοὶ | ἐγώ | PRON | Pp1---d-- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 12 δοκεῖν | nsubj | medium | Dative subject of δοκεῖν. |
| 12 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | V--PAN---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 15 ἦν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement in accusative+infinitive construction. |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Pd-----na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 ἀναπείθοντα | det | high | Article modifying ἀναπείθοντα. |
| 14 | ἀναπείθοντα | ἀναπείθω | VERB | V--PAPAN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Nominalized participle, subject of ἦν. |
| 15 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular/predicative verb governing the infinitival/reporting clause. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | πολεμίους | πολέμιος | ADJ | A--PA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἄνδρας | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ἄνδρας. |
| 18 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 19 ἄνδρας | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 19 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N--PA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἐκπλῆξαι | obj | high | Object of ἐκπλῆξαι. |
| 20 | ἐκπλῆξαι | ἐκπλήσσω | VERB | V--AAAN--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 15 ἦν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement coordinated with the following ὅτι-clause in the report. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 20 ἐκπλῆξαι | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 22 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 23 ἔστι | mark | high | Introduces causal/content clause. |
| 23 | ἔστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 20 ἐκπλῆξαι | conj | medium | Clause coordinated with the infinitive phrase; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 24 | τεθνεώτων | θνῄσκω | VERB | V--XPPG--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 28 οἶκτος | nmod | medium | Perfect participle used substantively, depending on οἶκτος. |
| 25 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D--------- | _ | 27 ἔθους | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 26 | διʼ | διά | ADP | R--------- | _ | 27 ἔθους | case | high | Preposition governing ἔθους. |
| 27 | ἔθους | ἔθος | NOUN | N--NS--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 οἶκτος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on οἶκτος within prepositional phrase. |
| 28 | οἶκτος | οἶκτος | NOUN | N--NS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἔστι | nsubj | medium | Subject of ἔστι. |
| 29 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 23 ἔστι | iobj | medium | Dative of advantage/reference with ἔστι. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἀπέθανον δὲ παρὰ τὴν μάχην τεσσαράκοντα μὲν τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ, τοὺς δὲ τῶν βαρβάρων οὐχ οἷόν τε ἦν ἀκριβῶς ἐξευρεῖν· πολὺ γὰρ καὶ τὸ ἀφανισθὲν κατὰ τῆς ἰλύος ἐγένετο ἐξ αὐτῶν.
The sentence has two main clauses joined by punctuation; the first uses an impersonal ability construction (οὐχ οἷόν τε ἦν + infinitive), and the second has a participial subject with an explanatory γάρ-clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπέθανον | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | VIAA--3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἀπέθανον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 1 ἀπέθανον | obl | high | Introduces local/time circumstance with accusative. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA--FA-S | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 μάχην | det | high | Article with μάχην. |
| 5 | μάχην | μάχη | NOUN | N-ASF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀπέθανον | obl | high | Object of παρά. |
| 6 | τεσσαράκοντα | τεσσεράκοντα | NUM | Ni | NumType=Card | 1 ἀπέθανον | nsubj | medium | Subject-like quantitative expression with partitive genitive. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 6 τεσσαράκοντα | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA--NG-S | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Ἑλληνικοῦ | det | high | Article with Ἑλληνικοῦ. |
| 9 | Ἑλληνικοῦ | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | A--NGS | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 τεσσαράκοντα | nmod | high | Partitive genitive modifying τεσσαράκοντα. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀπέθανον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | RA--MA-P | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 βαρβάρων | det | high | Article with βαρβάρων as part of an ellipsis/partitive phrase. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 11 τοὺς | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA--NG-P | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 βαρβάρων | det | high | Article with βαρβάρων. |
| 14 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | NOUN | N-GMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 τοὺς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent in the second contrasted group. |
| 15 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 18 ἦν | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 16 | οἷόν | οἷος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective in the impersonal expression οὐχ οἷόν τε ἦν. |
| 17 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 16 οἷόν | discourse | medium | Fixed particle in the expression. |
| 18 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | VIAA--3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 20 ἐξευρεῖν | aux | high | Auxiliary in the periphrastic ability construction. |
| 19 | ἀκριβῶς | ἀκριβῶς | ADV | D | _ | 20 ἐξευρεῖν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying infinitive. |
| 20 | ἐξευρεῖν | ἐξευρίσκω | VERB | V-ANA | VerbForm=Inf | 1 ἀπέθανον | ccomp | high | Complement of ἦν in the impersonal clause. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀπέθανον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 22 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 ἐγένετο | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative/nominal form used adverbially; analysis uncertain. |
| 23 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 30 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 25 τὸ | cc | high | Coordinating connective. |
| 25 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA--NA-S | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 ἀφανισθὲν | det | high | Article with ἀφανισθέν. |
| 26 | ἀφανισθὲν | ἀφανίζω | VERB | V-APP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 30 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Participial subject of ἐγένετο. |
| 27 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 30 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 28 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA--FG-S | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 ἰλύος | det | high | Article with ἰλύος. |
| 29 | ἰλύος | ἰλύς | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 κατὰ | obj | high | Object of κατά. |
| 30 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | VIAM--3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Root of the second clause. |
| 31 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 30 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 32 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | RP-GMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 31 ἐξ | obj | high | Object of ἐξ. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |