Grammar parses for passage 10.21.7
Open translation for this passage
ὀλιγώρως δὲ αὐτοὺς ἐς τῶν ἀπογινομένων ἔχειν τὰς ταφὰς δύο ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν τὰ ἀναπείθοντα ἦν, πολεμίους τε ἄνδρας ἐκπλῆξαι καὶ ὅτι ἔστι τεθνεώτων οὐ διʼ ἔθους οἶκτος αὐτοῖς.
The construction is elliptical: ὀλιγώρως ἔχειν τὰς ταφάς is the accusative-and-infinitive subject of δοκεῖν, with ἔστι supplying an existential clause; ἀναπείθοντα agrees neuter plural with τὰ and ἦν is its copula.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὀλιγώρως | ὀλιγώρως | ADV | Adv | _ | 7 ἔχειν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 12 δοκεῖν | cc | high | |
| 3 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P-AcM3P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 7 ἔχειν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 6 ἀπογινομένων | case | high | |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἀπογινομένων | det | high | |
| 6 | ἀπογινομένων | ἀπογίνομαι | VERB | V-PMP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 9 ταφὰς | nmod | medium | Substantivized present middle participle, ‘the deceased/departed’; ἐς τῶν ... is textually and syntactically unusual. |
| 7 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 12 δοκεῖν | csubj | high | Infinitival subject of δοκεῖν. |
| 8 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 ταφὰς | det | high | |
| 9 | ταφὰς | ταφή | NOUN | N-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἔχειν | obj | high | |
| 10 | δύο | δύο | NUM | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 9 ταφὰς | nummod | high | |
| 11 | ἐμοὶ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-D1S | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 12 δοκεῖν | iobj | high | Dative of opinion with δοκεῖν. |
| 12 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 15 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Infinitive dependent on ἦν, with an extraposed/elliptical proposition. |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 ἀναπείθοντα | det | high | |
| 14 | ἀναπείθοντα | ἀναπείθω | VERB | V-PAP-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἦν | nsubj | high | Substantivized participle, ‘the things persuading/inducing’. |
| 15 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Imperfect singular with neuter plural subject, possible collective/ellipsis. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 17 | πολεμίους | πολέμιος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἄνδρας | amod | high | |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 20 ἐκπλῆξαι | cc | high | |
| 19 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἐκπλῆξαι | obj | high | |
| 20 | ἐκπλῆξαι | ἐκπλήσσω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 ἀναπείθοντα | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive expressing one of the motivating considerations. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 14 ἀναπείθοντα | cc | high | |
| 22 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 23 ἔστι | mark | high | Introduces a content clause. |
| 23 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 14 ἀναπείθοντα | conj | medium | Second coordinated consideration under ἀναπείθοντα. |
| 24 | τεθνεώτων | θνῄσκω | VERB | V-RAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 28 οἶκτος | nmod | high | Genitive plural participle, substantivized: ‘of the dead’. |
| 25 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | Adv | Polarity=Neg | 28 οἶκτος | advmod | high | |
| 26 | διʼ | διά | ADP | Prep | _ | 27 ἔθους | case | high | Elided διά before a genitive. |
| 27 | ἔθους | ἔθος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 οἶκτος | nmod | high | |
| 28 | οἶκτος | οἶκτος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔστι: ‘pity is not customary toward the dead’. |
| 29 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-D3P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 28 οἶκτος | iobj | high | Dative of reference. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἦν | punct | high |
ἀπέθανον δὲ παρὰ τὴν μάχην τεσσαράκοντα μὲν τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ, τοὺς δὲ τῶν βαρβάρων οὐχ οἷόν τε ἦν ἀκριβῶς ἐξευρεῖν· πολὺ γὰρ καὶ τὸ ἀφανισθὲν κατὰ τῆς ἰλύος ἐγένετο ἐξ αὐτῶν.
Two coordinated clauses: ἀπέθανον takes an elided/understood subject and partitive genitives; οὐχ οἷόν τε ἦν is an impersonal periphrastic expression governing the infinitive ἐξευρεῖν. In the second clause, τὸ ἀφανισθέν is substantivized and ἐγένετο means 'became/was' in the sense of loss occurring.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπέθανον | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 1 ἀπέθανον | cc | high | |
| 3 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | -------- | _ | 5 μάχην | case | high | With accusative, temporal/locative sense 'in connection with/at'. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 μάχην | det | high | |
| 5 | μάχην | μάχη | NOUN | N-SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀπέθανον | obl | high | |
| 6 | τεσσαράκοντα | τεσσαράκοντα | NUM | M-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 Ἑλληνικοῦ | nummod | medium | Substantivized numeral, functioning as the quantified object/complement of ἀπέθανον. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | -------- | _ | 6 τεσσαράκοντα | discourse | high | Correlative contrast with δὲ at token 12. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-SGN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 Ἑλληνικοῦ | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἑλληνικοῦ | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | A-SGN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 τεσσαράκοντα | nmod | high | Substantivized: 'of the Greek contingent/forces'. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀπέθανον | punct | high | |
| 11 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 βαρβάρων | det | high | Substantivizes the following genitive phrase by ellipsis of a noun such as νεκρούς. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 18 ἦν | cc | high | Correlative contrast with μέν at token 7. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 βαρβάρων | det | high | |
| 14 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 τοὺς | nmod | high | Substantivized: 'of the barbarians'. |
| 15 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | -------- | Polarity=Neg | 18 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 16 | οἷόν | οἷος | ADJ | A-SNN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἦν | xcomp | high | Part of the impersonal expression οὐχ οἷόν τε ἦν. |
| 17 | τε | τε | PART | -------- | _ | 16 οἷόν | fixed | high | Lexicalized with οἷον in οἷόν τε. |
| 18 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 1 ἀπέθανον | conj | high | Impersonal copular verb in οὐχ οἷόν τε ἦν. |
| 19 | ἀκριβῶς | ἀκριβῶς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 20 ἐξευρεῖν | advmod | high | |
| 20 | ἐξευρεῖν | ἐξευρίσκω | VERB | V--ANA---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 ἦν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of the impersonal expression. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀπέθανον | punct | high | |
| 22 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADV | A-SNN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 ἐγένετο | advmod | medium | Adverbial/substantival neuter, 'a great amount'; morphology reflects the form. |
| 23 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 30 ἐγένετο | cc | high | |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 26 ἀφανισθὲν | cc | high | Connects τὸ ἀφανισθέν with the preceding quantified idea. |
| 25 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-SNN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 ἀφανισθὲν | det | high | |
| 26 | ἀφανισθὲν | ἀφανίζω | VERB | V-APP-SNN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 30 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Substantivized passive participle: 'what was lost/disappeared'. |
| 27 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | -------- | _ | 29 ἰλύος | case | high | With genitive, indicating location/down among the mud. |
| 28 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-SGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἰλύος | det | high | |
| 29 | ἰλύος | ἰλύς | NOUN | N-SGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἀφανισθὲν | obl | high | |
| 30 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AIM-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 1 ἀπέθανον | conj | high | Second coordinated clause; γίγνομαι here denotes occurring/coming about. |
| 31 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | -------- | _ | 32 αὐτῶν | case | high | |
| 32 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 30 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Partitive/source phrase: 'from among them'. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ἐγένετο | punct | high |