Grammar parses for passage 10.22.2
Open translation for this passage
οἱ μὲν δὴ ἡγεμόνες τῶν βαρβάρων οἱ ἄλλοι κατεπεπλήγεσαν τὸ Ἑλληνικόν, καὶ ἠπόρουν ἅμα ὑπὲρ τῶν μελλόντων, ἐς οὐδέν σφισι πλέον προχωροῦντα ὁρῶντες τὰ ἐν χερσί·
The second coordinated verb ἠπόρουν governs ὑπὲρ τῶν μελλόντων and a participial seeing construction; the final accusative participle and τὰ ἐν χερσί are somewhat compressed and receive medium confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-----NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἡγεμόνες | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | P------ | _ | 4 ἡγεμόνες | discourse | high | Correlative μέν. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | P------ | _ | 4 ἡγεμόνες | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἡγεμόνες | ἡγεμών | NOUN | N----NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 κατεπεπλήγεσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-----GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 βαρβάρων | det | high | |
| 6 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | ADJ | A-----GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἡγεμόνες | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective: 'of the barbarians'. |
| 7 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-----NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἄλλοι | det | high | |
| 8 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-----NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἡγεμόνες | appos | high | Substantivized adjective, appositional to ἡγεμόνες. |
| 9 | κατεπεπλήγεσαν | καταπλήσσω | VERB | V--LIA3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Pluperfect active; subject is οἱ ... ἄλλοι. |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-----ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 Ἑλληνικόν | det | high | |
| 11 | Ἑλληνικόν | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | A-----ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 κατεπεπλήγεσαν | obj | high | Substantivized adjective: the Greek (army/force). |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 κατεπεπλήγεσαν | punct | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 14 ἠπόρουν | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἠπόρουν | ἀπορέω | VERB | V-IAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 9 κατεπεπλήγεσαν | conj | high | |
| 15 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | D------ | _ | 14 ἠπόρουν | advmod | high | |
| 16 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R------ | _ | 18 μελλόντων | case | high | Takes genitive here. |
| 17 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-----GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 μελλόντων | det | high | |
| 18 | μελλόντων | μέλλω | VERB | V-PменGPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 ἠπόρουν | obl | medium | Substantivized present participle: 'things to come'; malformed traditional xpos avoided semantically. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἠπόρουν | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R------ | _ | 21 οὐδέν | case | high | |
| 21 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | P-----ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 πλέον | obl | medium | Adverbial accusative with ἐς: 'to no extent'; construction is idiomatic. |
| 22 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-----DPM | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 24 προχωροῦντα | iobj | medium | Reflexive/third-person plural dative, referring to the leaders. |
| 23 | πλέον | πολύς | ADJ | A-S---AN | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 προχωροῦντα | advmod | medium | Comparative adverbial accusative, 'further/more'. |
| 24 | προχωροῦντα | προχωρέω | VERB | V-PPA-AN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 25 ὁρῶντες | advcl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with τὰ ... ἐν χερσί, with πλέον adverbial. |
| 25 | ὁρῶντες | ὁράω | VERB | V-PPA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 ἠπόρουν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle: 'seeing'. |
| 26 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-----APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 28 χερσί | det | high | |
| 27 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R------ | _ | 28 χερσί | case | high | |
| 28 | χερσί | χείρ | NOUN | N----DPE | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 24 προχωροῦντα | obl | medium | Plural dative in phrase τὰ ἐν χερσί, 'the matters at hand'; relation to προχωροῦντα is syntactically compressed. |
| 29 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 κατεπεπλήγεσαν | punct | high |
τῷ δὲ Βρέννῳ λογισμὸς παρίστατο ὡς εἰ ἀναγκάσει τοὺς Αἰτωλοὺς οἴκαδε ἐς τὴν Αἰτωλίαν ἀναχωρῆσαι, ῥᾴων ἤδη γενήσοιτο ὁ πόλεμος αὐτῷ πρὸς τὸ Ἑλληνικόν.
Main construction: λογισμὸς παρίστατο τῷ Βρέννῳ, with ὡς εἰ introducing a prospective/conditional content clause; ἀναχωρῆσαι is the infinitive complement of ἀναγκάσει, and ῥᾴων ... γενήσοιτο is the apodotic optative with πόλεμος as subject. The form ἀναγκάσει is morphologically ambiguous, here read as future active indicative, third singular.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 λογισμὸς | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 5 παρίστατο | cc | high | |
| 3 | Βρέννῳ | Βρέννος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 παρίστατο | iobj | high | |
| 4 | λογισμὸς | λογισμός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 παρίστατο | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | παρίστατο | παρίστημι | VERB | V-3IIM-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 5 παρίστατο | mark | high | Introduces the content clause. |
| 7 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 8 ἀναγκάσει | mark | high | Conditional protasis within the ὡς clause. |
| 8 | ἀναγκάσει | ἀναγκάζω | VERB | V-3FAI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Future|Voice=Act | 15 ἀναχωρῆσαι | ccomp | medium | Could formally be aorist subjunctive; future indicative is preferred in this conditional sequence. |
| 9 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Αἰτωλοὺς | det | high | |
| 10 | Αἰτωλοὺς | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀναγκάσει | obj | high | Substantivized ethnic name. |
| 11 | οἴκαδε | οἴκαδε | ADV | D--------- | PronType=Adv | 15 ἀναχωρῆσαι | advmod | high | Directional adverb, ‘homeward/home’. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 14 Αἰτωλίαν | case | high | |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 Αἰτωλίαν | det | high | |
| 14 | Αἰτωλίαν | Αἰτωλία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἀναχωρῆσαι | obl | high | |
| 15 | ἀναχωρῆσαι | ἀναχωρέω | VERB | V--PAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Act | 8 ἀναγκάσει | xcomp | high | |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 γενήσοιτο | punct | high | |
| 17 | ῥᾴων | ῥᾴων | ADJ | A-NSM-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 γενήσοιτο | xcomp | high | Predicative comparative adjective. |
| 18 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D--------- | PronType=Adv | 19 γενήσοιτο | advmod | high | |
| 19 | γενήσοιτο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-3AO-O-S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Mid | 5 παρίστατο | ccomp | high | Apodotic optative in the content clause. |
| 20 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 πόλεμος | det | high | |
| 21 | πόλεμος | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 γενήσοιτο | nsubj | high | |
| 22 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 19 γενήσοιτο | iobj | high | Dative of reference/advantage. |
| 23 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R--------- | _ | 25 Ἑλληνικόν | case | high | |
| 24 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 Ἑλληνικόν | det | high | |
| 25 | Ἑλληνικόν | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 γενήσοιτο | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the Greek world/Greeks’. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 παρίστατο | punct | high |
ἀπολέξας οὖν τῆς στρατιᾶς μυριάδας τοὺς πεζοὺς τέσσαρας καὶ ὅσον ὀκτακοσίους ἱππέας, Ὀρεστόριόν τε αὐτοῖς καὶ Κόμβουτιν ἐφίστησιν ἄρχοντας, οἳ ὀπίσω κατὰ τοῦ Σπερχειοῦ τὰς γεφύρας καὶ
The participial opening is subordinate to ἐφίστησιν; μυριάδας is a numeral-group accusative quantifying πεζούς, while ὅσον ὀκτακοσίους coordinates the cavalry quantity. The relative clause continues beyond the supplied fragment; καί at token 29 is left as an intra-clausal coordinator with an unresolved continuation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπολέξας | ἀπολέγω | VERB | VAAP-SNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 19 ἐφίστησιν | advcl | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 ἀπολέξας | advmod | high | |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S---GF-- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 στρατιᾶς | det | high | |
| 4 | στρατιᾶς | στρατιά | NOUN | N-S---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀπολέξας | obj | medium | Genitive of the whole/source with ἀπολέξας. |
| 5 | μυριάδας | μυριάς | NOUN | N---AF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 πεζοὺς | nummod | medium | Numeral noun quantifying the infantry; exact grouping is somewhat elliptical. |
| 6 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S---AM-- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 πεζοὺς | det | high | |
| 7 | πεζοὺς | πεζός | NOUN | A---AM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀπολέξας | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated with ἱππέας. |
| 8 | τέσσαρας | τέσσαρες | NUM | M---AM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 πεζοὺς | nummod | medium | Agrees with πεζούς; numeral may belong to the elliptical quantity expression. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἱππέας | cc | high | |
| 10 | ὅσον | ὅσος | DET | P---AM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ὀκτακοσίους | det | medium | Quantifying ὀκτακοσίους; singular neuter-like quantity usage is possible in the source tradition. |
| 11 | ὀκτακοσίους | ὀκτακόσιοι | NUM | M---AM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἱππέας | nummod | high | |
| 12 | ἱππέας | ἱππεύς | NOUN | N---AM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀπολέξας | obj | high | Coordinated object with πεζούς. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀπολέξας | punct | high | |
| 14 | Ὀρεστόριόν | Ὀρεστόριος | PROPN | Ne--AM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἐφίστησιν | obj | high | Personal name; object of ἐφίστησιν in the sense ‘sets over/appoints’. |
| 15 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 Κόμβουτιν | cc | high | Pairs with καί at token 17 across the coordinated names. |
| 16 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P---DM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 19 ἐφίστησιν | iobj | high | Dative with ἐφίστησιν: appoints them over the troops. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 Κόμβουτιν | cc | high | Coordinates the two personal names. |
| 18 | Κόμβουτιν | Κόμβουτις | PROPN | Ne--AM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Ὀρεστόριόν | conj | medium | Second coordinated personal name; inflectional form is transliterated/irregular. |
| 19 | ἐφίστησιν | ἐφίστημι | VERB | V-PIA3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 20 | ἄρχοντας | ἄρχων | NOUN | N---AM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἐφίστησιν | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative, ‘as rulers/commanders’. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐφίστησιν | punct | high | |
| 22 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P---NM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 19 ἐφίστησιν | acl:relcl | high | Relative subject; antecedent is the appointed commanders. |
| 23 | ὀπίσω | ὀπίσω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 28 γεφύρας | advmod | high | Adverb of place/direction, ‘behind/back’. |
| 24 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 Σπερχειοῦ | case | high | |
| 25 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S---GN-- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 Σπερχειοῦ | det | high | |
| 26 | Σπερχειοῦ | Σπερχειός | PROPN | Ne--SG-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 γεφύρας | obl | medium | Genitive governed by κατά in the supplied reading. |
| 27 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | S---AF-- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 28 γεφύρας | det | high | |
| 28 | γεφύρας | γέφυρα | NOUN | N---AF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 οἳ | obj | low | Object of a verb continuing beyond the supplied sentence fragment; attachment to the relative clause is provisional. |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 28 γεφύρας | cc | low | Continuation is missing from the supplied fragment, so the coordinated element is unresolved. |