Grammar parses for passage 10.22.3
Open translation for this passage
αὖθις διὰ Θεσσαλίας ὁδεύσαντες ἐμβάλλουσιν ἐς τὴν Αἰτωλίαν·
Participial phrase ὁδεύσαντες modifies the main verb; both prepositional phrases are attached as oblique complements of motion.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 5 ἐμβάλλουσιν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the verb of motion. |
| 2 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R-------- | Case=Gen | 5 ἐμβάλλουσιν | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 3 | Θεσσαλίας | Θεσσαλία | PROPN | Ne-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐμβάλλουσιν | obl | high | Object of διὰ, part of the prepositional phrase. |
| 4 | ὁδεύσαντες | ὁδεύω | VERB | VAA-P---MN- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἐμβάλλουσιν | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, circumstantial, agreeing with implied subject. |
| 5 | ἐμβάλλουσιν | ἐμβάλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | Case=Acc | 5 ἐμβάλλουσιν | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Atf-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Αἰτωλίαν | det | high | Definite article modifying Αἰτωλίαν. |
| 8 | Αἰτωλίαν | Αἰτωλία | PROPN | Ne-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐμβάλλουσιν | obl | high | Object of ἐς, local goal. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐμβάλλουσιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
καὶ τὰ ἐς Καλλιέας Κόμβουτις οἱ ἐργασάμενοι καὶ Ὀρεστόριος ἦσαν, ἀνοσιώτατά τε ὧν ἀκοῇ ἐπιστάμεθα καὶ οὐδὲν τοῖς ἀνθρώπων τολμήμασιν ὅμοια.
The sentence has a difficult textual/syntactic stretch around ἀνοσιώτατά ... ὅμοια; the last participial/comparative phrase is attached cautiously.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ἦσαν | cc | high | |
| 2 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 ἐργασάμενοι | det | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 4 Καλλιέας | case | high | |
| 4 | Καλλιέας | Καλλιεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐργασάμενοι | obl | medium | Likely part of a prepositional phrase after ἐς; case form is somewhat irregular in the transmitted text. |
| 5 | Κόμβουτις | Κόμβουτις | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Καλλιέας | nmod | medium | Possibly a genitive dependent of Καλλιέας or a place/name modifier; syntax uncertain. |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 ἐργασάμενοι | det | high | |
| 7 | ἐργασάμενοι | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 10 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 Ὀρεστόριος | cc | high | |
| 9 | Ὀρεστόριος | Ὀρεστόριος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐργασάμενοι | conj | high | |
| 10 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἦσαν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἀνοσιώτατά | ἀνόσιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ὅμοια | obl | low | Could also be predicative/nominalized; attachment to ὅμοια is tentative. |
| 13 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 12 ἀνοσιώτατά | discourse | high | |
| 14 | ὧν | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 16 ἐπιστάμεθα | obj | high | |
| 15 | ἀκοῇ | ἀκοή | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐπιστάμεθα | obl | high | |
| 16 | ἐπιστάμεθα | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 12 ἀνοσιώτατά | acl:relcl | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 οὐδὲν | cc | high | |
| 18 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 22 ὅμοια | obl | high | |
| 19 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 21 τολμήμασιν | det | high | |
| 20 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 τολμήμασιν | nmod | high | |
| 21 | τολμήμασιν | τόλμημα | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ὅμοια | obl | high | |
| 22 | ὅμοια | ὅμοιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἦσαν | xcomp | medium | Predicate complement with neuter plural agreement; exact syntactic link to the prior clause is somewhat uncertain. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἦσαν | punct | high |
γένος μέν γε πᾶν ἐξέκοψαν τὸ ἄρσεν, καὶ ὁμοίως γέροντές τε καὶ τὰ νήπια ἐπὶ τῶν μητέρων τοῖς μαστοῖς ἐφονεύετο·
The syntax is straightforward overall, but ἐπὶ τῶν μητέρων τοῖς μαστοῖς is an ambiguous prepositional/dative phrase; I attach both nouns as obliques to ἐφονεύετο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐξέκοψαν | obj | high | Neuter singular noun as object of ἐξέκοψαν. |
| 2 | μέν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 ἐξέκοψαν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | γε | γε | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 ἐξέκοψαν | discourse | high | Enclitic particle. |
| 4 | πᾶν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 γένος | amod | high | Modifies γένος. |
| 5 | ἐξέκοψαν | ἐκκόπτω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ἄρσεν | det | high | Article modifying ἄρσεν. |
| 7 | ἄρσεν | ἄρσην | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐξέκοψαν | obj | high | Likely appositional/restatement of γένος. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐξέκοψαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 21 ἐφονεύετο | cc | high | Coordinates with the following clause. |
| 10 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 21 ἐφονεύετο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐφονεύετο. |
| 11 | γέροντές | γέρων | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἐφονεύετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐφονεύετο. |
| 12 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 γέροντές | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 15 νήπια | cc | high | Coordinates with γέροντές. |
| 14 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 νήπια | det | high | Article modifying νήπια. |
| 15 | νήπια | νήπιον | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 γέροντές | conj | high | Coordinated subject. |
| 16 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 ἐφονεύετο | case | high | Introduces prepositional phrase. |
| 17 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 μητέρων | det | high | Article modifying μητέρων. |
| 18 | μητέρων | μήτηρ | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 ἐφονεύετο | obl | high | Genitive complement with ἐπὶ. |
| 19 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 μαστοῖς | det | high | Article modifying μαστοῖς. |
| 20 | μαστοῖς | μαστός | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἐφονεύετο | obl | high | Dative complement within the prepositional phrase. |
| 21 | ἐφονεύετο | φονεύω | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of coordinated clause; form is imperfect middle/passive in context. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐφονεύετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τούτων δὲ καὶ τὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ γάλακτος πιότερα ἀποκτείνοντες ἔπινόν τε οἱ Γαλάται τοῦ αἵματος καὶ ἥπτοντο τῶν σαρκῶν.
The participial phrase ἀποκτείνοντες with the comparative construction around πιότερα is syntactically compressed; ἔπινόν and ἥπτοντο are coordinated main predicates.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | Pd----GN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 8 πιότερα | nmod | high | Modifies the substantive neuter plural article phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 10 ἔπινόν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ἔπινόν | cc | high | Connects participial clause to main predication. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 πιότερα | det | high | Article with substantivized phrase. |
| 5 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 7 γάλακτος | case | high | Introduces genitive phrase. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 γάλακτος | det | high | Article modifying γάλακτος. |
| 7 | γάλακτος | γάλα | NOUN | n-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 πιότερα | obl | high | Dependent of πιότερα in the comparative construction. |
| 8 | πιότερα | πιοτάς | ADJ | a-p---ac- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἔπινόν | obj | medium | Comparative adjective functioning substantivally; exact lexeme uncertain. |
| 9 | ἀποκτείνοντες | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | v-pppamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἔπινόν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the Galatai. |
| 10 | ἔπινόν | πίνω | VERB | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb; form appears epic/poetic or orthographic variant for ἔπινον. |
| 11 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 10 ἔπινόν | advmod | high | Enclitic linking particle. |
| 12 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 Γαλάται | det | high | Article used substantivally with ethnicon. |
| 13 | Γαλάται | Γαλάτης | NOUN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἔπινόν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔπινόν. |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 αἵματος | det | high | Article with αἵματος. |
| 15 | αἵματος | αἷμα | NOUN | n-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἥπτοντο | obj | medium | Likely object of ἥπτοντο with genitive government. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 ἥπτοντο | cc | high | Coordinates finite verb with previous predicate. |
| 17 | ἥπτοντο | ἅπτομαι | VERB | v3ppim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 10 ἔπινόν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb. |
| 18 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 σαρκῶν | det | high | Article with σαρκῶν. |
| 19 | σαρκῶν | σάρξ | NOUN | n-p---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 ἥπτοντο | obj | high | Genitive object of ἥπτοντο. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔπινόν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |