Grammar parses for passage 10.22.4
Open translation for this passage
γυναῖκες δὲ καὶ ὅσοι ἐν ὥρᾳ τῶν παρθένων, ὅσαι μὲν φρονήματός τι αὐτῶν εἶχον, ἑαυτὰς ἔφθησαν ὡς ἡλίσκετο ἡ πόλις διειργασμέναι· τὰς δὲ ἔτι περιούσας ἐς ἰδέαν ὕβρεως πᾶσαν μετὰ ἀνάγκης ἦγον ἰσχυρᾶς, ἅτε ἴσον μὲν ἐλέου, ἴσον δὲ τὰς φύσεις καὶ ἔρωτος ἀπέχοντες.
The sentence contains compressed coordination and ellipsis: the first relative clause modifies the women, while the final masculine participle ἀπέχοντες has an implicit agent associated with the men carrying out ἦγον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γυναῖκες | γυνή | NOUN | N- nom pl fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 35 ἦγον | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 35 ἦγον | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ὅσοι | cc | high | |
| 4 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | A- nom pl masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 ἦγον | nsubj | medium | Substantivized relative quantifier, coordinated with γυναῖκες. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 ὥρᾳ | case | high | |
| 6 | ὥρᾳ | ὥρα | NOUN | N- dat sg fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ὅσοι | obl | high | |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T- gen pl fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 παρθένων | det | high | |
| 8 | παρθένων | παρθένος | NOUN | N- gen pl fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ὥρᾳ | nmod | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ὅσαι | punct | high | |
| 10 | ὅσαι | ὅσος | PRON | A- nom pl fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 ἔφθησαν | nsubj | high | Relative-subordinate subject referring to γυναῖκες. |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | CONJ | _ | 10 ὅσαι | discourse | high | |
| 12 | φρονήματός | φρόνημα | NOUN | N- gen sg neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 εἶχον | obj | medium | Object/genitive construction with εἶχον; exact semantic relation is elliptical. |
| 13 | τι | τις | PRON | P- gen sg neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 φρονήματός | det | high | |
| 14 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P- gen pl | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 12 φρονήματός | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on φρονήματος, possibly subjective or partitive. |
| 15 | εἶχον | ἔχω | VERB | V- imperf act ind 3 pl | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 10 ὅσαι | acl:relcl | high | |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἔφθησαν | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἑαυτὰς | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P- acc pl fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Reflex=Yes | 23 διειργασμέναι | obj | high | |
| 18 | ἔφθησαν | φθάνω | VERB | V- aor act ind 3 pl | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 35 ἦγον | advcl | medium | Aorist φθάνω with participial complement; translated ‘were beforehand in having…’. |
| 19 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ἡλίσκετο | mark | high | |
| 20 | ἡλίσκετο | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V- imperf mid/pass ind 3 sg | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 18 ἔφθησαν | advcl | high | |
| 21 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T- nom sg fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 πόλις | det | high | |
| 22 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N- nom sg fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἡλίσκετο | nsubj | high | |
| 23 | διειργασμέναι | διεργάζομαι | VERB | V- perf mid/pass ptcp nom pl fem | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 18 ἔφθησαν | xcomp | medium | Predicative perfect participle with ἔφθησαν; middle/passive form. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 ἦγον | punct | high | |
| 25 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T- acc pl fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 28 περιούσας | det | high | |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 35 ἦγον | cc | high | |
| 27 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 28 περιούσας | advmod | high | |
| 28 | περιούσας | περίειμι | VERB | V- pres act ptcp acc pl fem | Aspect=Imp|Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 35 ἦγον | obj | high | Substantivized participle, ‘those remaining’. |
| 29 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 30 ἰδέαν | case | high | |
| 30 | ἰδέαν | ἰδέα | NOUN | N- acc sg fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 ἦγον | obl | medium | With ἄγω, destination/purpose phrase. |
| 31 | ὕβρεως | ὕβρις | NOUN | N- gen sg fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 ἰδέαν | nmod | high | |
| 32 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | A- acc sg fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 ἰδέαν | amod | high | |
| 33 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 34 ἀνάγκης | case | high | |
| 34 | ἀνάγκης | ἀνάγκη | NOUN | N- gen sg fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 ἦγον | obl | high | |
| 35 | ἦγον | ἄγω | VERB | V- imperf act ind 3 pl | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 36 | ἰσχυρᾶς | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | A- gen sg fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 ἀνάγκης | amod | high | |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 38 ἅτε | punct | high | |
| 38 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 49 ἀπέχοντες | mark | medium | Introduces a causal/characterizing participial clause. |
| 39 | ἴσον | ἴσος | ADJ | A- acc sg neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 41 ἐλέου | obj | medium | Adjectival substantive, ‘an equal share/measure’. |
| 40 | μὲν | μέν | PART | CONJ | _ | 39 ἴσον | discourse | high | |
| 41 | ἐλέου | ἔλεος | NOUN | N- gen sg masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 49 ἀπέχοντες | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on ἴσον, in an idiomatic ‘equal share of pity’ phrase. |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 43 ἴσον | punct | high | |
| 43 | ἴσον | ἴσος | ADJ | A- acc sg neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 46 φύσεις | obj | medium | Adjectival substantive, coordinated with the preceding ἴσον. |
| 44 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 43 ἴσον | cc | high | |
| 45 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T- acc pl fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 46 φύσεις | det | high | |
| 46 | φύσεις | φύσις | NOUN | N- acc pl fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 49 ἀπέχοντες | obj | medium | Object coordinated with ἴσον ἔρωτος ἀπέχοντες; syntax is compressed. |
| 47 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 48 ἔρωτος | cc | high | |
| 48 | ἔρωτος | ἔρως | NOUN | N- gen sg masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 49 ἀπέχοντες | obl | medium | Genitive complement of ἀπέχοντες. |
| 49 | ἀπέχοντες | ἀπέχω | VERB | V- pres act ptcp nom pl masc | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 35 ἦγον | advcl | medium | Subject is implicit masculine plural, probably the agents of ἦγον; final coordination is syntactically compressed. |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 ἦγον | punct | high |
καὶ ὅσαι μὲν τῶν γυναικῶν ταῖς μαχαίραις τῶν Γαλατῶν ἐπετύγχανον, αὐτοχειρίᾳ τὰς ψυχὰς ἠφίεσαν· ταῖς δὲ οὐ μετὰ πολὺ ὑπάρξειν τὸ χρεὼν ἔμελλεν ἥ τε ἀσιτία καὶ ἡ ἀυπνία, ἀστέγων βαρβάρων ἐκ διαδοχῆς ἀλλήλοις ὑβριζόντων· οἱ δὲ καὶ ἀφιείσαις τὰς ψυχάς, οἱ δὲ καὶ ἤδη νεκραῖς συνεγίνοντο ὅμως.
Complex coordination and ellipsis: ὅσαι/ταῖς introduces women who met Galatian swords; the second ταῖς is dative with an extraposed infinitive construction, while the final clauses are elliptical coordinated outcomes. Some participial attachments are necessarily interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 10 ἐπετύγχανον | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὅσαι | ὅσος | PRON | P---NF---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἐπετύγχανον | nsubj | high | Correlative subject, with τῶν γυναικῶν partitive. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X--------- | _ | 10 ἐπετύγχανον | discourse | high | |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 γυναικῶν | det | high | |
| 5 | γυναικῶν | γυνή | NOUN | N-GPF---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 2 ὅσαι | nmod | high | Partitive genitive. |
| 6 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 μαχαίραις | det | high | |
| 7 | μαχαίραις | μάχαιρα | NOUN | N-DPF---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἐπετύγχανον | obl | high | Dative with ἐπιτυγχάνω. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Γαλατῶν | det | high | |
| 9 | Γαλατῶν | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N-GPM---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 μαχαίραις | nmod | high | Possessive/descriptive genitive. |
| 10 | ἐπετύγχανον | ἐπιτυγχάνω | VERB | V-IAI-3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 15 ἠφίεσαν | advcl | high | Relative-correlative subordinate clause. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐπετύγχανον | punct | high | |
| 12 | αὐτοχειρίᾳ | αὐτοχειρία | NOUN | N-DSF---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἠφίεσαν | obl | high | Instrumental/manner dative. |
| 13 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ψυχὰς | det | high | |
| 14 | ψυχὰς | ψυχή | NOUN | N-APF---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ἠφίεσαν | obj | high | |
| 15 | ἠφίεσαν | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-IAI-3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἠφίεσαν | punct | high | |
| 17 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 25 ἔμελλεν | obl | medium | Substantivized dative referring to the remaining women; syntax is elliptical. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 25 ἔμελλεν | cc | high | |
| 19 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D--------- | Polarity=Neg | 22 ὑπάρξειν | advmod | high | |
| 20 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R--------- | _ | 21 πολὺ | case | high | |
| 21 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-ANS---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ὑπάρξειν | obl | high | Adverbial accusative in μετὰ πολύ. |
| 22 | ὑπάρξειν | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V-FA--N-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 25 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on ἔμελλεν. |
| 23 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 χρεὼν | det | high | |
| 24 | χρεὼν | χρεών | NOUN | N-NSN---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ὑπάρξειν | nsubj | medium | Impersonal necessity expression; nominal analysis is conventional. |
| 25 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 15 ἠφίεσαν | conj | high | Second coordinated clause. |
| 26 | ἥ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἀσιτία | det | high | |
| 27 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 28 ἀσιτία | cc | high | First member of τε...καί coordination. |
| 28 | ἀσιτία | ἀσιτία | NOUN | N-NSF---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἔμελλεν | nsubj | high | |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 31 ἀυπνία | cc | high | Second member of τε...καί coordination. |
| 30 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 ἀυπνία | det | high | |
| 31 | ἀυπνία | ἀυπνία | NOUN | N-NSF---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἔμελλεν | nsubj | high | |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἔμελλεν | punct | high | |
| 33 | ἀστέγων | ἄστεγος | ADJ | A-GPM---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 34 βαρβάρων | amod | high | |
| 34 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | NOUN | N-GPM---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 ὑβριζόντων | nsubj | medium | Genitive subject of the participle. |
| 35 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R--------- | _ | 36 διαδοχῆς | case | high | |
| 36 | διαδοχῆς | διαδοχή | NOUN | N-GSF---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 ὑβριζόντων | obl | high | ἐκ διαδοχῆς, successively. |
| 37 | ἀλλήλοις | ἀλλήλων | PRON | P-DPM---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 ὑβριζόντων | iobj | high | |
| 38 | ὑβριζόντων | ὑβρίζω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 25 ἔμελλεν | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute or loosely attached genitive participial phrase. |
| 39 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἔμελλεν | punct | high | |
| 40 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | T-NPM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 52 συνεγίνοντο | nsubj | high | Substantivized article, ‘some of them’. |
| 41 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 52 συνεγίνοντο | cc | high | |
| 42 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 52 συνεγίνοντο | cc | high | |
| 43 | ἀφιείσαις | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-PAP-DPF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 52 συνεγίνοντο | advcl | low | Form is dative feminine plural participle; attachment and understood subject are elliptical. |
| 44 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 45 ψυχάς | det | high | |
| 45 | ψυχάς | ψυχή | NOUN | N-APF---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 43 ἀφιείσαις | obj | high | |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 52 συνεγίνοντο | punct | high | |
| 47 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | T-NPM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 52 συνεγίνοντο | nsubj | high | Substantivized article, coordinated with first οἱ. |
| 48 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 52 συνεγίνοντο | cc | high | |
| 49 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 52 συνεγίνοντο | cc | high | |
| 50 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D--------- | _ | 52 συνεγίνοντο | advmod | high | |
| 51 | νεκραῖς | νεκρός | ADJ | A-DPF---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 52 συνεγίνοντο | obl | high | Dative complement/association with συνεγίνοντο. |
| 52 | συνεγίνοντο | συγγίγνομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 15 ἠφίεσαν | conj | high | Final coordinated clause. |
| 53 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | D--------- | _ | 52 συνεγίνοντο | advmod | high | |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἠφίεσαν | punct | high |