Grammar parses for passage 10.22.5
Open translation for this passage
Αἰτωλοὶ δὲ πεπυσμένοι τε παρὰ ἀγγέλων ἦσαν ὁποῖαι σφᾶς κατειλήφεσαν συμφορὰι καὶ αὐτίκα ὡς τάχους εἶχον ἀναστήσαντες ἀπὸ τῶν Θερμοπυλῶν τὴν δύναμιν ἠπείγοντο ἐς τὴν Αἰτωλίαν, τά τε παθήματα τῶν Καλλιέων ἐν ὀργῇ ποιούμενοι καὶ πλέον ἔτι τὰς οὐχ ἑαλωκυίας πω διασώσασθαι πόλεις προθυμούμενοι.
The sentence has a main imperfect periphrastic/passive construction ἦσαν πεπυσμένοι, followed by ἠπείγοντο with participial adjuncts. ὁποῖαι ... συμφοραί is an exclamative/relative-like indirect-question complement of πεπυσμένοι; ἀναστήσαντες is best read as an aorist active participle with understood subject, while ἔτι τὰς ... πόλεις is the object of διασώσασθαι. Accents/forms are normalized only in lemma and morphology where needed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Αἰτωλοὶ | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | N--PMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἦσαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | πεπυσμένοι | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V-RMPNM- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 7 ἦσαν | xcomp | medium | Perfect middle participle, functioning predicatively with ἦσαν. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 πεπυσμένοι | cc | high | |
| 5 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 ἀγγέλων | case | high | παρά with genitive means ‘from’. |
| 6 | ἀγγέλων | ἄγγελος | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 πεπυσμένοι | obl | high | |
| 7 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI3P-- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 23 ἠπείγοντο | aux | high | Auxiliary of the periphrastic construction ἦσαν πεπυσμένοι. |
| 8 | ὁποῖαι | ὁποῖος | ADJ | A-???-NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 κατειλήφεσαν | obj | low | Predicative/exclamative interrogative adjective introducing the content of what had overtaken them; exact traditional parsing is uncertain. |
| 9 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P--AP--- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 10 κατειλήφεσαν | obj | high | |
| 10 | κατειλήφεσαν | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V-RAI3P-- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 3 πεπυσμένοι | ccomp | medium | Content clause under πεπυσμένοι; subject is συμφοραί. |
| 11 | συμφορὰι | συμφορά | NOUN | N-N---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 κατειλήφεσαν | nsubj | high | Form is orthographically accented as συμφοραί. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 ἠπείγοντο | cc | high | |
| 13 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 23 ἠπείγοντο | advmod | high | |
| 14 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 εἶχον | mark | medium | Introduces a temporal/comparative adverbial phrase with τάχους. |
| 15 | τάχους | τάχος | NOUN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 εἶχον | obl | medium | Genitive of manner/degree in ὡς τάχους, ‘as quickly as possible’. |
| 16 | εἶχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI3P-- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 23 ἠπείγοντο | advcl | medium | Impersonal-ish expression ὡς τάχους εἶχον, ‘as fast as they could’. |
| 17 | ἀναστήσαντες | ἀνίστημι | VERB | V-AAPNP-- | Aspect=Aor|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 ἠπείγοντο | advcl | medium | Aorist participle, likely ‘having raised/withdrawn’ the force; object is δύναμιν. |
| 18 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 Θερμοπυλῶν | case | high | |
| 19 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 Θερμοπυλῶν | det | high | |
| 20 | Θερμοπυλῶν | Θερμοπύλαι | PROPN | N-P---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 ἀναστήσαντες | obl | high | Place name, plural. |
| 21 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 δύναμιν | det | high | |
| 22 | δύναμιν | δύναμις | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἀναστήσαντες | obj | high | |
| 23 | ἠπείγοντο | ἐπείγω | VERB | V-IPI3P-- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb, ‘they hastened.’ |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 Αἰτωλίαν | case | high | |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 Αἰτωλίαν | det | high | |
| 26 | Αἰτωλίαν | Αἰτωλία | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἠπείγοντο | obl | high | |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἠπείγοντο | punct | high | |
| 28 | τά | ὁ | DET | L-P---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 30 παθήματα | det | high | Article substantively associated with παθήματα. |
| 29 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 30 παθήματα | cc | high | Pairs with καί at token 36. |
| 30 | παθήματα | πάθημα | NOUN | N-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 35 ποιούμενοι | obj | high | |
| 31 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 32 Καλλιέων | det | high | |
| 32 | Καλλιέων | Καλλιεύς | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 παθήματα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on παθήματα. |
| 33 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 34 ὀργῇ | case | high | |
| 34 | ὀργῇ | ὀργή | NOUN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 ποιούμενοι | obl | high | ἐν ὀργῇ ποιούμενοι, ‘regarding with anger.’ |
| 35 | ποιούμενοι | ποιέω | VERB | V-PMPNM- | Aspect=Pres|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 23 ἠπείγοντο | advcl | high | Participial adjunct with understood subject Αἰτωλοί. |
| 36 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 45 προθυμούμενοι | cc | high | Coordinates the two participial adjuncts. |
| 37 | πλέον | πλείων | ADV | A-S---NA- | Degree=Cmp | 45 προθυμούμενοι | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative, ‘more/all the more.’ |
| 38 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 37 πλέον | advmod | high | Modifies πλέον. |
| 39 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | L-P---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 44 πόλεις | det | high | |
| 40 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | Q-------- | Polarity=Neg | 41 ἑαλωκυίας | advmod | high | Negates ἑαλωκυίας. |
| 41 | ἑαλωκυίας | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V-RAPFA- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 44 πόλεις | acl | medium | Perfect active participle of ἁλίσκομαι, ‘captured’; feminine accusative agrees with πόλεις. |
| 42 | πω | πω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 41 ἑαλωκυίας | advmod | high | ‘Yet/still’ with the negated participle. |
| 43 | διασώσασθαι | διασῴζω | VERB | V-ANM---- | Aspect=Aor|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 45 προθυμούμενοι | xcomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive, object is πόλεις. |
| 44 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N-P---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 43 διασώσασθαι | obj | high | |
| 45 | προθυμούμενοι | προθυμέομαι | VERB | V-PMPNM- | Aspect=Pres|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 23 ἠπείγοντο | advcl | high | Participial adjunct with subject Αἰτωλοί; takes infinitive διασώσασθαι. |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἠπείγοντο | punct | high |
ἐξεστρατεύοντο δὲ καὶ οἴκοθεν ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων πασῶν οἱ ἐν ἡλικίᾳ, ἀναμεμιγμένοι δʼ ἦσαν ὑπὸ ἀνάγκης τε καὶ φρονήματος καὶ οἱ γεγηρακότες·
Two coordinated clauses: ἐξεστρατεύοντο governs the subject οἱ ἐν ἡλικίᾳ, while ἀναμεμιγμένοι ἦσαν introduces the coordinated subject οἱ γεγηρακότες; ὑπό with genitive marks the motivating causes. The participle ἀναμεμιγμένοι is perfect middle/passive, here predicative with ἦσαν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐξεστρατεύοντο | ἐκστρατεύω | VERB | V-PII-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐξεστρατεύοντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐξεστρατεύοντο | cc | high | |
| 4 | οἴκοθεν | οἴκοθεν | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἐξεστρατεύοντο | advmod | high | Adverb meaning ‘from home’; καί may also coordinate its phrase with ἀπό. |
| 5 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 πόλεων | case | high | |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 πόλεων | det | high | |
| 7 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 ἐξεστρατεύοντο | obl | high | |
| 8 | πασῶν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 πόλεων | amod | high | |
| 9 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἡλικίᾳ | det | high | Substantivized article with ἐν ἡλικίᾳ. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 ἡλικίᾳ | case | high | |
| 11 | ἡλικίᾳ | ἡλικία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐξεστρατεύοντο | nsubj | high | Substantivized phrase οἱ ἐν ἡλικίᾳ, ‘those of military age’. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀναμεμιγμένοι | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἀναμεμιγμένοι | ἀναμείγνυμι | VERB | VP-RMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Pass | 15 ἦσαν | xcomp | medium | Predicative perfect participle with ἦσαν; passive form can be understood as ‘were intermixed/included’. |
| 14 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἦσαν | cc | high | Elided form δέ. |
| 15 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 1 ἐξεστρατεύοντο | conj | high | |
| 16 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 ἀνάγκης | case | high | With genitive, expresses agency or cause. |
| 17 | ἀνάγκης | ἀνάγκη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἀναμεμιγμένοι | obl | high | |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἀνάγκης | cc | high | First member of τε καί coordination. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 φρονήματος | cc | high | Coordinates φρονήματος with ἀνάγκης. |
| 20 | φρονήματος | φρόνημα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἀνάγκης | conj | high | |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 οἱ | cc | high | Coordinates οἱ γεγηρακότες with the preceding subject. |
| 22 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 γεγηρακότες | det | high | Substantivizes the participle γεγηρακότες. |
| 23 | γεγηρακότες | γηράσκω | VERB | VP-RAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Active | 15 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Substantivized perfect active participle, ‘the aged’. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐξεστρατεύοντο | punct | high |
συνεστρατεύοντο δέ σφισι καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες ἑκουσίως, πλέον ἐς τοὺς Γαλάτας καὶ τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῷ θυμῷ χρώμεναι.
The women are coordinated subject of συνεστρατεύοντο; σφισι is a dative of association, and χρώμεναι governs dative τῷ θυμῷ with comparative πλέον ... τῶν ἀνδρῶν. The attachment of πλέον is somewhat interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | συνεστρατεύοντο | συστρατεύω | VERB | V- Impf Ind MP 3Pl | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 συνεστρατεύοντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-Dat Pl | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 1 συνεστρατεύοντο | obl | medium | Dative of association or accompaniment. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 γυναῖκες | cc | high | |
| 5 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom Pl Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 γυναῖκες | det | high | |
| 6 | γυναῖκες | γυνή | NOUN | N-Nom Pl Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 συνεστρατεύοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | ἑκουσίως | ἑκουσίως | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 συνεστρατεύοντο | advmod | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 συνεστρατεύοντο | punct | high | |
| 9 | πλέον | πολύς | ADV | ADV-Comp | Degree=Cmp | 18 χρώμεναι | advmod | medium | Comparative adverb modifying χρώμεναι; may also be read with the following comparative phrase. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 Γαλάτας | case | high | |
| 11 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc Pl Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Γαλάτας | det | high | |
| 12 | Γαλάτας | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N-Acc Pl Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 χρώμεναι | obl | high | Goal or direction phrase with ἐς. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἀνδρῶν | cc | high | |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen Pl Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἀνδρῶν | det | high | |
| 15 | ἀνδρῶν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-Gen Pl Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 πλέον | obl | medium | Genitive of comparison dependent on πλέον. |
| 16 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Art-Dat Sg Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 θυμῷ | det | high | |
| 17 | θυμῷ | θυμός | NOUN | N-Dat Sg Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 χρώμεναι | obl | high | Dative complement of χράομαι. |
| 18 | χρώμεναι | χράομαι | VERB | PPres Mid Nom Pl Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle | 1 συνεστρατεύοντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with γυναῖκες. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 συνεστρατεύοντο | punct | high |