Grammar parses for passage 10.22.6
Open translation for this passage
ὡς δὲ οἱ βάρβαροι συλήσαντες τούς τε οἴκους καὶ τὰ ἱερὰ καὶ ἐνέντες πῦρ ἐς τὸ Κάλλιον ἐκομίζοντο τὴν αὐτήν, ἐνταῦθα Πατρεῖς μὲν ἐπικουροῦντες Αἰτωλοῖς Ἀχαιῶν μόνοι προσέκειντο ἐξ ἐναντίας τοῖς βαρβάροις ἅτε ὁπλιτεύειν δεδιδαγμένοι, καὶ ὑπὸ πλήθους τε τῶν Γαλατῶν καὶ τῆς ἐς τὰ ἔργα ἀπονοίας μάλιστα ἐταλαιπώρησαν·
The passage has two coordinated finite clauses, ἐκομίζοντο and προσέκειντο, followed by καί + ἐταλαιπώρησαν; ἐνέντες and the exact force of τὴν αὐτήν are textually/semantically uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἐκομίζοντο | mark | high | Temporal/subordinate conjunction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἐκομίζοντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 βάρβαροι | det | high | |
| 4 | βάρβαροι | βάρβαρος | NOUN | A--NP-M- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἐκομίζοντο | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 5 | συλήσαντες | συλάω | VERB | VAAPNPMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 18 ἐκομίζοντο | advcl | high | Aorist participle, same subject as ἐκομίζοντο. |
| 6 | τούς | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 οἴκους | det | high | |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 οἴκους | cc | high | First member of τε...καί coordination. |
| 8 | οἴκους | οἶκος | NOUN | ----AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 συλήσαντες | obj | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἱερὰ | cc | high | |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἱερὰ | det | high | |
| 11 | ἱερὰ | ἱερός | NOUN | ----AN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 συλήσαντες | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, 'sacred places/things'. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἐνέντες | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἐνέντες | ἐνίημι | VERB | VAAPNPMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 18 ἐκομίζοντο | advcl | medium | Aorist participle, likely 'having set/released'; spelling and exact lemma are textually difficult. |
| 14 | πῦρ | πῦρ | NOUN | ----AN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐνέντες | obj | high | |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 17 Κάλλιον | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 Κάλλιον | det | high | |
| 17 | Κάλλιον | Κάλλιον | PROPN | ----ANP | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἐκομίζοντο | obl | high | Place name, neuter accusative. |
| 18 | ἐκομίζοντο | κομίζω | VERB | V3PIIM-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 αὐτήν | det | high | |
| 20 | αὐτήν | αὐτός | PRON | A--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 18 ἐκομίζοντο | obj | medium | Substantival/pronominal object; antecedent omitted or context-dependent. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐκομίζοντο | punct | high | |
| 22 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D | _ | 29 προσέκειντο | advmod | high | |
| 23 | Πατρεῖς | Πατρεύς | PROPN | ----NP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 προσέκειντο | nsubj | high | The Patreans. |
| 24 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 29 προσέκειντο | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; counterpart is καί at token 38. |
| 25 | ἐπικουροῦντες | ἐπικουρέω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 29 προσέκειντο | advcl | high | |
| 26 | Αἰτωλοῖς | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | ----DP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐπικουροῦντες | iobj | high | Dative with ἐπικουρέω. |
| 27 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | ----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 μόνοι | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with μόνοι. |
| 28 | μόνοι | μόνος | ADJ | A--NP-M- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 προσέκειντο | advmod | high | Predicative/emphatic 'alone'. |
| 29 | προσέκειντο | πρόσκειμαι | VERB | V3PIIM-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second coordinated clause. |
| 30 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 31 ἐναντίας | case | high | Variant form of ἐκ. |
| 31 | ἐναντίας | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A--GSF | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 προσέκειντο | obl | high | Feminine substantive with ἐξ: 'opposite'. |
| 32 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 βαρβάροις | det | high | |
| 33 | βαρβάροις | βάρβαρος | NOUN | ----DP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 ἐναντίας | nmod | high | Dative dependent on ἐναντίας. |
| 34 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 36 δεδιδαγμένοι | mark | high | Causal/comparative particle introducing participial explanation. |
| 35 | ὁπλιτεύειν | ὁπλιτεύω | VERB | V--PAN-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 36 δεδιδαγμένοι | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of δεδιδαγμένοι. |
| 36 | δεδιδαγμένοι | διδάσκω | VERB | VRPPNPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 29 προσέκειντο | advcl | high | Perfect passive participle, 'having been taught'. |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 προσέκειντο | punct | high | |
| 38 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 51 ἐταλαιπώρησαν | cc | high | Coordinates the following clause with the preceding clause. |
| 39 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | _ | 40 πλήθους | case | high | |
| 40 | πλήθους | πλῆθος | NOUN | ----GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 51 ἐταλαιπώρησαν | obl | high | Genitive of cause/agent-like source with ὑπό. |
| 41 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 40 πλήθους | cc | high | First member of τε...καί coordination. |
| 42 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 43 Γαλατῶν | det | high | |
| 43 | Γαλατῶν | Γαλάτης | PROPN | ----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 40 πλήθους | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πλήθους. |
| 44 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 49 ἀπονοίας | cc | high | Second member of τε...καί coordination. |
| 45 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 49 ἀπονοίας | det | high | |
| 46 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 48 ἔργα | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 47 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 48 ἔργα | det | high | |
| 48 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | ----APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 49 ἀπονοίας | nmod | high | Prepositional complement within the genitive phrase. |
| 49 | ἀπονοίας | ἀπόνοια | NOUN | ----GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 51 ἐταλαιπώρησαν | obl | high | Second coordinated cause under ὑπό phrase. |
| 50 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 51 ἐταλαιπώρησαν | advmod | high | |
| 51 | ἐταλαιπώρησαν | ταλαιπωρέω | VERB | V3PAIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 29 προσέκειντο | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb: 'suffered most'. |
| 52 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 προσέκειντο | punct | high |
οἱ δὲ Αἰτωλοὶ καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες αἱ Αἰτωλαὶ παρὰ πᾶσαν τεταγμένοι τὴν ὁδὸν ἐσηκόντιζόν τε ἐς τοὺς βαρβάρους, καὶ οὐδὲν ἄλλο ὅτι μὴ τοὺς ἐπιχωρίους ἐχόντων θυρεοὺς ὀλίγα αὐτῶν ἡμάρτανον, διώκοντάς τε ἀπέφευγον οὐ χαλεπῶς καὶ ἀναστρέφουσιν ἀπὸ τῆς διώξεως ἐπέκειντο αὖθις σπουδῇ.
The participle ἐχόντων is genitive absolute with θυρεούς as its accusative object; ὀλίγα is an accusative extent/object with ἡμάρτανον. The final participles διώκοντας and ἀναστρέφουσιν are coordinated circumstantial descriptions of the barbarians’ action and retreat; forms and attachment of ἀναστρέφουσιν are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 Αἰτωλοὶ | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 3 Αἰτωλοὶ | cc | high | |
| 3 | Αἰτωλοὶ | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐσηκόντιζόν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 6 γυναῖκες | cc | high | |
| 5 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 γυναῖκες | det | high | |
| 6 | γυναῖκες | γυνή | NOUN | NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ἐσηκόντιζόν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 Αἰτωλαὶ | det | high | |
| 8 | Αἰτωλαὶ | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 γυναῖκες | amod | high | Ethnic adjective used substantivally/adjectivally. |
| 9 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R- | _ | 10 πᾶσαν | case | high | |
| 10 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | DET | A-SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Tot | 13 ὁδὸν | det | high | |
| 11 | τεταγμένοι | τάσσω | VERB | VPRMPNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 14 ἐσηκόντιζόν | advcl | medium | Circumstantial perfect passive participle; likely predicated of the male subject. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ὁδὸν | det | high | |
| 13 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | NAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 τεταγμένοι | obl | medium | Object/extent of παρά with the participle; exact attachment is syntactically compressed. |
| 14 | ἐσηκόντιζόν | ἐσ-ακοντίζω | VERB | VIAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 14 ἐσηκόντιζόν | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 18 βαρβάρους | case | high | |
| 17 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 βαρβάρους | det | high | |
| 18 | βαρβάρους | βάρβαρος | NOUN | NA-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐσηκόντιζόν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐσηκόντιζόν | punct | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 31 ἡμάρτανον | cc | high | |
| 21 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | PX-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 22 ἄλλο | det | medium | Negative quantificational modifier of ἄλλο. |
| 22 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | PRON | PX-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 31 ἡμάρτανον | obj | medium | Accusative object/extent with ἡμάρτανον. |
| 23 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | C- | _ | 26 ἐπιχωρίους | mark | medium | Part of the idiom ὅτι μὴ, ‘except/other than’. |
| 24 | μὴ | μή | PART | T- | Polarity=Neg | 26 ἐπιχωρίους | advmod | medium | With ὅτι forms an exceptive expression. |
| 25 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 ἐπιχωρίους | det | high | |
| 26 | ἐπιχωρίους | ἐπιχώριος | ADJ | A-PMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἐχόντων | obj | medium | Substantivized adjective, object of ἐχόντων. |
| 27 | ἐχόντων | ἔχω | VERB | VPAPGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 31 ἡμάρτανον | advcl | high | Genitive absolute; subject is implicit/understood as the barbarians. |
| 28 | θυρεοὺς | θυρεός | NOUN | NPM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἐχόντων | obj | high | |
| 29 | ὀλίγα | ὀλίγος | ADV | A-PNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 31 ἡμάρτανον | advmod | medium | Accusative of extent/quantity, ‘by little’; alternatively substantival object. |
| 30 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | PX-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 29 ὀλίγα | nmod | medium | Partitive genitive with ὀλίγα. |
| 31 | ἡμάρτανον | ἁμαρτάνω | VERB | VIAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 14 ἐσηκόντιζόν | conj | high | |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 ἡμάρτανον | punct | high | |
| 33 | διώκοντάς | διώκω | VERB | VPAPAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 35 ἀπέφευγον | advcl | medium | Accusative participle, likely referring to the barbarians as object of an understood/implicit subject. |
| 34 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 35 ἀπέφευγον | cc | high | |
| 35 | ἀπέφευγον | ἀποφεύγω | VERB | VIAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 14 ἐσηκόντιζόν | conj | medium | Coordinated imperfect; subject is contextually understood. |
| 36 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | T- | Polarity=Neg | 37 χαλεπῶς | advmod | high | |
| 37 | χαλεπῶς | χαλεπῶς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 35 ἀπέφευγον | advmod | high | |
| 38 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 43 ἐπέκειντο | cc | medium | Coordinates the following verbal action with the preceding clause. |
| 39 | ἀναστρέφουσιν | ἀναστρέφω | VERB | VPAPAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 43 ἐπέκειντο | advcl | low | Form is formally ambiguous; taken here as an accusative plural participle parallel to διώκοντας. |
| 40 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R- | _ | 42 διώξεως | case | high | |
| 41 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 42 διώξεως | det | high | |
| 42 | διώξεως | δίωξις | NOUN | NGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 ἀναστρέφουσιν | obl | high | |
| 43 | ἐπέκειντο | ἐπίκειμαι | VERB | VIIM3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 14 ἐσηκόντιζόν | conj | medium | Imperfect middle/deponent, ‘pressed on/attacked’; subject understood from context. |
| 44 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 43 ἐπέκειντο | advmod | high | |
| 45 | σπουδῇ | σπουδή | NOUN | NGF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 43 ἐπέκειντο | obl | high | Dative of manner. |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐσηκόντιζόν | punct | high |