Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 10.22.11

← 10.22.10 10.22.12 →

Passage 10.22.11

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

88Greek tokens

2,601input tokens

6,574output tokens

Sentence 1

10.22.11 sentence 1

Tokens: 45
Input: 1,042
Output: 3,298
Total: 4,340

καί πως ἐπʼ ἐκείνης συνέβαινε τῆς ἡμέρας τήν τε ὁμίχλην κατὰ τοῦ ὄρους καταχεῖσθαι πολλὴν καὶ ἀμαυρὸν ὑπʼ αὐτῆς εἶναι τὸν ἥλιον, ὥστε τῶν Φωκέων τοῖς ἔχουσιν ἐπὶ τῇ ἀτραπῷ τὴν φρουρὰν οὐ πρότερον ἐπιόντες οἱ βάρβαροι παρέσχοντο αἴσθησιν πρὶν ἢ πλησίον ἐγεγόνεσαν.

The sentence has a coordinated accusative-and-infinitive construction governed by συνέβαινε (ὁμίχλην ... καταχεῖσθαι and ἥλιον ... εἶναι), followed by ὥστε with an infinitival/result clause whose subject is οἱ βάρβαροι; ἔχουσιν is a substantivized participle referring to the Phocian guards. The attachment of τῶν Φωκέων to τοῖς ἔχουσιν is somewhat compressed but interpreted as possessive/partitive.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καί	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	5 συνέβαινε	cc	high
2	πως	πως	ADV	Adv	_	5 συνέβαινε	advmod	high	Indefinite/adverbial πως, here modifying the circumstance.
3	ἐπʼ	ἐπί	ADP	Prep	_	4 ἐκείνης	case	high	Elided form before ἐκείνης.
4	ἐκείνης	ἐκεῖνος	PRON	PD-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	7 ἡμέρας	nmod	high
5	συνέβαινε	συμβαίνω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
6	τῆς	ὁ	DET	Art-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 ἡμέρας	det	high
7	ἡμέρας	ἡμέρα	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 συνέβαινε	obl	high	Temporal genitive with ἐπʼ ἐκείνης.
8	τήν	ὁ	DET	Art-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	10 ὁμίχλην	det	high
9	τε	τε	CCONJ	Conj	_	14 καταχεῖσθαι	cc	high	Correlative with καί at token 16.
10	ὁμίχλην	ὁμίχλη	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 καταχεῖσθαι	obj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive καταχεῖσθαι.
11	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	Prep	_	13 ὄρους	case	high
12	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	Art-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	13 ὄρους	det	high
13	ὄρους	ὄρος	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	14 καταχεῖσθαι	obl	high	Goal/direction with κατά.
14	καταχεῖσθαι	καταχέω	VERB	V-PNM-In,	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	5 συνέβαινε	xcomp	medium	Present middle infinitive; coordinated with εἶναι and dependent on συνέβαινε.
15	πολλὴν	πολύς	ADJ	A-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 ὁμίχλην	amod	high
16	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	20 εἶναι	cc	high	Coordinates the second infinitival predicate.
17	ἀμαυρὸν	ἀμαυρός	ADJ	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	22 ἥλιον	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective with εἶναι.
18	ὑπʼ	ὑπό	ADP	Prep	_	19 αὐτῆς	case	high	Elided form; agent/cause phrase.
19	αὐτῆς	αὐτός	PRON	P-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	17 ἀμαυρὸν	obl	high	Refers to ὁμίχλην; construed with ὑπό.
20	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAN-In	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	5 συνέβαινε	xcomp	high	Second accusative-and-infinitive predicate.
21	τὸν	ὁ	DET	Art-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	22 ἥλιον	det	high
22	ἥλιον	ἥλιος	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 εἶναι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of εἶναι.
23	,	,	PUNCT	Punct	_	5 συνέβαινε	punct	high
24	ὥστε	ὥστε	SCONJ	Conj	_	39 παρέσχοντο	mark	high	Introduces a result clause.
25	τῶν	ὁ	DET	Art-GPF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	26 Φωκέων	det	high
26	Φωκέων	Φωκεύς	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	28 ἔχουσιν	nmod	medium	Genitive associated with the substantivized ἔχουσιν, likely identifying the Phocians whose men held the guard.
27	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	Art-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	28 ἔχουσιν	det	high
28	ἔχουσιν	ἔχω	VERB	V-PAP-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	33 φρουρὰν	acl	medium	Substantivized present participle, ‘those holding’; antecedent/semantic relation to the guard is compressed.
29	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	Prep	_	31 ἀτραπῷ	case	high
30	τῇ	ὁ	DET	Art-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	31 ἀτραπῷ	det	high
31	ἀτραπῷ	ἀτραπός	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	28 ἔχουσιν	obl	high	Location with ἐπί.
32	τὴν	ὁ	DET	Art-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	33 φρουρὰν	det	high
33	φρουρὰν	φρουρά	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	39 παρέσχοντο	obj	high	Object of παρέσχοντο.
34	οὐ	οὐ	PART	Part	Polarity=Neg	36 ἐπιόντες	advmod	high
35	πρότερον	πρότερος	ADV	Adv	_	39 παρέσχοντο	advmod	high	Temporal adverb, paired with πρίν.
36	ἐπιόντες	ἔπειμι	VERB	V-PAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	38 βάρβαροι	advcl	high	Concessive/temporal participle: ‘advancing/approaching’.
37	οἱ	ὁ	DET	Art-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	38 βάρβαροι	det	high
38	βάρβαροι	βάρβαρος	NOUN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	39 παρέσχοντο	nsubj	high
39	παρέσχοντο	παρέχω	VERB	V-AMI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	medium	Main finite verb of the ὥστε result clause; the preceding συνέβαινε is semantically matrix-like, so two roots are avoided by attaching the clause at ὥστε but retaining the sentence's primary predication here.
40	αἴσθησιν	αἴσθησις	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	39 παρέσχοντο	obj	high
41	πρὶν	πρίν	SCONJ	Conj	_	44 ἐγεγόνεσαν	mark	high	Introduces the temporal clause.
42	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	Conj	_	41 πρὶν	fixed	high	Part of the fixed expression πρὶν ἢ.
43	πλησίον	πλησίον	ADV	Adv	_	44 ἐγεγόνεσαν	advmod	high	Predicative adverb with ἐγεγόνεσαν.
44	ἐγεγόνεσαν	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-RAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	39 παρέσχοντο	advcl	high	Temporal subordinate verb; subject is understood as οἱ βάρβαροι.
45	.	.	PUNCT	Punct	_	39 παρέσχοντο	punct	high

Sentence 2

10.22.11 sentence 2

Tokens: 21
Input: 772
Output: 1,444
Total: 2,216

ἐνταῦθα δὲ οἱ μὲν μάχης ἦρχον, οἱ δὲ ἠμύνοντο ἐρρωμένως, τέλος δὲ ἐβιάσθησαν καὶ ἀναχωροῦσιν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀτραποῦ·

The paired οἱ μὲν ... οἱ δὲ construction coordinates two groups: the first takes ἦρχον with μάχης as a genitive object/partitive complement, while ἀναχωροῦσιν shifts to a present tense after the preceding aorists (historical present).

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐνταῦθα	ἐνταῦθα	ADV	D	PronType=Dem	6 ἦρχον	advmod	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	GCONJ	_	6 ἦρχον	cc	high
3	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T----NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	6 ἦρχον	nsubj	high	Substantivized article, paired with οἱ δὲ.
4	μὲν	μέν	PART	G-----	_	3 οἱ	cc	high
5	μάχης	μάχη	NOUN	N--G-SF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 ἦρχον	obj	medium	Genitive complement/object with ἄρχω.
6	ἦρχον	ἄρχω	VERB	V3PIIA---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἦρχον	punct	high
8	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T----NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	10 ἠμύνοντο	nsubj	high	Substantivized article, paired with οἱ μὲν.
9	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	GCONJ	_	10 ἠμύνοντο	cc	high
10	ἠμύνοντο	ἀμύνω	VERB	V3PIIM---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	6 ἦρχον	conj	high
11	ἐρρωμένως	ἐρρωμένως	ADV	D	_	10 ἠμύνοντο	advmod	medium	Adverbial form meaning vigorously; analyzed as a lexical adverb.
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	10 ἠμύνοντο	punct	high
13	τέλος	τέλος	ADV	D	_	15 ἐβιάσθησαν	advmod	high	Adverbial accusative: finally.
14	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	GCONJ	_	15 ἐβιάσθησαν	cc	high
15	ἐβιάσθησαν	βιάζω	VERB	V3PAIP---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	6 ἦρχον	conj	high	Passive in form, with an understood agent or coercive sense.
16	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	GCONJ	_	17 ἀναχωροῦσιν	cc	high
17	ἀναχωροῦσιν	ἀναχωρέω	VERB	V3PPAI---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	15 ἐβιάσθησαν	conj	high	Historical present coordinated with ἐβιάσθησαν.
18	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	R	_	20 ἀτραποῦ	case	high
19	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T----GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	20 ἀτραποῦ	det	high
20	ἀτραποῦ	ἀτραπός	NOUN	N--G-SF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 ἀναχωροῦσιν	obl	high
21	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἦρχον	punct	high

Sentence 3

10.22.11 sentence 3

Tokens: 22
Input: 787
Output: 1,832
Total: 2,619

καταδραμόντες μέντοι παρὰ τοὺς συμμάχους καὶ ἀπαγγείλαντες τὰ παρόντα ἔφθησαν πρὶν ἢ ἀκριβῆ καὶ πανταχόθεν τελέαν γενέσθαι τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ τὴν κύκλωσιν.

The participles καταδραμόντες and ἀπαγγείλαντες are coordinated temporal/circumstantial predicates with subject understood from ἔφθησαν. παρὰ + accusative marks motion toward the allies. πρὶν ἢ introduces a complementary infinitival clause; τὴν κύκλωσιν is the accusative subject of γενέσθαι, with τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ dependent on it. ἀκριβῆ and τελέαν are coordinated predicates of κύκλωσιν; πανταχόθεν modifies τελέαν/γενέσθαι.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καταδραμόντες	κατατρέχω	VERB	AAPMPN	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Plural\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	10 ἔφθησαν	advcl	high	Aorist participle, temporally prior to ἔφθησαν.
2	μέντοι	μέντοι	ADV	D--------	_	10 ἔφθησαν	advmod	high	Postpositive discourse adverb.
3	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	R--------	_	5 συμμάχους	case	high	With accusative, expressing motion toward.
4	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T----APM-	Case=Accusative\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	5 συμμάχους	det	high
5	συμμάχους	σύμμαχος	NOUN	N----APM-	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	1 καταδραμόντες	obl	high	Goal of motion with παρά.
6	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	7 ἀπαγγείλαντες	cc	high	Coordinates the two participles.
7	ἀπαγγείλαντες	ἀπαγγέλλω	VERB	AAPMPN	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Plural\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	1 καταδραμόντες	conj	high	Coordinated aorist participle.
8	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T----APN-	Case=Accusative\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Plural	9 παρόντα	det	high
9	παρόντα	πάρειμι	VERB	PAPNAN	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neuter\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Plural\|Tense=Present\|Voice=Active	7 ἀπαγγείλαντες	obj	high	Substantivized participle, ‘the present circumstances’.
10	ἔφθησαν	φθάνω	VERB	V3PAAI	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Plural\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	high	Main finite verb; καταδραμόντες/ἀπαγγείλαντες supply prior circumstances.
11	πρὶν	πρίν	SCONJ	D--------	_	17 γενέσθαι	mark	high	Introduces the infinitival temporal clause with ἤ.
12	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	C--------	_	11 πρὶν	fixed	high	Fixed component of πρὶν ἤ.
13	ἀκριβῆ	ἀκριβής	ADJ	A----ASM-	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	21 κύκλωσιν	amod	medium	Predicative adjective with κύκλωσιν; surface form is also compatible with other accusative paradigms.
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	16 τελέαν	cc	high	Coordinates the two adjectives.
15	πανταχόθεν	πανταχόθεν	ADV	D--------	_	16 τελέαν	advmod	high	Adverb meaning ‘from all sides’.
16	τελέαν	τέλειος	ADJ	A----ASF-	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	21 κύκλωσιν	conj	medium	Coordinated predicative adjective with κύκλωσιν; πανταχόθεν modifies this predicate.
17	γενέσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	V----AMN-	Mood=Infinitive\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Middle	10 ἔφθησαν	advcl	high	Complementary infinitive in the πρὶν ἤ clause.
18	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T----GSM-	Case=Genitive\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	19 Ἑλληνικοῦ	det	high
19	Ἑλληνικοῦ	Ἑλληνικός	PROPN	A----GSM-	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	21 κύκλωσιν	nmod	medium	Substantivized adjective, ‘the Greek [force/contingent]’; dependent on κύκλωσιν.
20	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T----ASF-	Case=Accusative\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	21 κύκλωσιν	det	high
21	κύκλωσιν	κύκλωσις	NOUN	N----ASF-	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	17 γενέσθαι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive γενέσθαι.
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	10 ἔφθησαν	punct	high

← 10.22.10 10.22.12 →