Grammar parses for passage 10.22.13
Open translation for this passage
οἱ δὲ ἀφικόμενοι τιμωρεῖν τῷ θεῷ τοσοίδε ἐγένοντο Ἑλλήνων· Φωκεῖς μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων πασῶν, ἐκ δὲ Ἀμφίσσης ὁπλῖται τετρακόσιοι.
The article οἱ substantivizes ἀφικόμενοι, understood as the subject of ἐγένοντο; τιμωρεῖν is an infinitival complement of ἀφικόμενοι. The quantified predicate τοσοίδε agrees with the implied/explicit Greek contingents, while the following clauses specify them; Ἀμφίσσης is genitive governed by ἐκ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀφικόμενοι | det | high | Substantivizing article with the participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 8 ἐγένοντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀφικόμενοι | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | VPAMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 ἐγένοντο | nsubj | high | Substantivized aorist middle participle, subject of ἐγένοντο. |
| 4 | τιμωρεῖν | τιμωρέω | VERB | VN----PAM | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 3 ἀφικόμενοι | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement expressing purpose or intended action. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 θεῷ | det | high | Article modifying θεῷ. |
| 6 | θεῷ | θεός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 τιμωρεῖν | iobj | high | Dative object/beneficiary of τιμωρεῖν. |
| 7 | τοσοίδε | τοσόσδε | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 8 ἐγένοντο | xcomp | medium | Predicative demonstrative quantifier; construction is somewhat elliptical before Ἑλλήνων. |
| 8 | ἐγένοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite root verb. |
| 9 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 τοσοίδε | nmod | medium | Partitive or specification genitive with τοσοίδε. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐγένοντο | punct | high | |
| 11 | Φωκεῖς | Φωκεύς | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐγένοντο | parataxis | high | First coordinate specification of the contingents. |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 11 Φωκεῖς | discourse | high | Correlative particle introducing the first member. |
| 13 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R--------- | _ | 15 πόλεων | case | high | Preposition governing τῶν πόλεων. |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 πόλεων | det | high | Article modifying πόλεων. |
| 15 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 Φωκεῖς | nmod | high | Object of ἀπό. |
| 16 | πασῶν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 πόλεων | amod | high | Adjectival modifier, ‘all’ the cities. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 Φωκεῖς | punct | high | |
| 18 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R--------- | _ | 20 Ἀμφίσσης | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀμφίσσης. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 21 ὁπλῖται | cc | high | Connective introducing the second specification. |
| 20 | Ἀμφίσσης | Ἄμφισσα | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ὁπλῖται | nmod | high | Genitive governed by ἐκ; place-name. |
| 21 | ὁπλῖται | ὁπλίτης | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐγένοντο | parataxis | high | Second coordinate specification, with an understood ἀπὸ or ἐκ phrase. |
| 22 | τετρακόσιοι | τετρακόσιοι | NUM | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 21 ὁπλῖται | nummod | high | Cardinal modifier of ὁπλῖται. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐγένοντο | punct | high |
παρὰ δὲ Αἰτωλῶν ὀλίγοι μέν τινες αὐτίκα, ὅτε ἐπύθοντο ἐς τὸ πρόσω χωροῦντας τοὺς βαρβάρους, διακοσίους δὲ καὶ χιλίους Φιλόμηλος ἤγαγεν ὕστερον.
Elliptical coordination: παρὰ Αἰτωλῶν governs the understood source of both numeral objects; ὀλίγοι τινες are an initial contingent, while διακοσίους καὶ χιλίους is the later object of ἤγαγεν. The participial clause τοὺς βαρβάρους ... χωροῦντας is an accusative subject/object-linked temporal construction under ἐπύθοντο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 3 Αἰτωλῶν | case | high | With genitive Αἰτωλῶν, indicating source/origin. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 23 ἤγαγεν | cc | high | Connective particle. |
| 3 | Αἰτωλῶν | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | N---GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἤγαγεν | obl | high | Genitive of source with παρά. |
| 4 | ὀλίγοι | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A---NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἤγαγεν | nsubj | medium | First, elliptical contingent; nominative subject of understood/elliptical clause. |
| 5 | μέν | μέν | PART | G | _ | 4 ὀλίγοι | discourse | high | Correlative particle, opposed to δέ at token 19. |
| 6 | τινες | τις | PRON | P---NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 4 ὀλίγοι | det | high | Indefinite modifier of ὀλίγοι. |
| 7 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | D | _ | 23 ἤγαγεν | advmod | high | Immediately/at once. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | U | _ | 10 ἐπύθοντο | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὅτε | ὅτε | SCONJ | C | _ | 10 ἐπύθοντο | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 10 | ἐπύθοντο | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 23 ἤγαγεν | advcl | high | Temporal subordinate verb. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 13 πρόσω | case | high | Preposition governing τὸ πρόσω. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S---NA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 πρόσω | det | high | Article with πρόσω. |
| 13 | πρόσω | πρόσω | ADV | D | _ | 14 χωροῦντας | advmod | high | Adverbial expression, ‘forward/farther’. |
| 14 | χωροῦντας | χωρέω | VERB | V-PAP-AM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 βαρβάρους | acl | high | Present participle modifying τοὺς βαρβάρους. |
| 15 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S---AM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 βαρβάρους | det | high | Article with βαρβάρους. |
| 16 | βαρβάρους | βάρβαρος | NOUN | N---AM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐπύθοντο | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐπύθοντο, also accusative subject of the participle. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | U | _ | 10 ἐπύθοντο | punct | high | |
| 18 | διακοσίους | διακόσιοι | NUM | M---AM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 23 ἤγαγεν | obj | high | First coordinated numeral object of ἤγαγεν; noun is elliptical. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 23 ἤγαγεν | cc | high | Second member of μέν...δέ contrast. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 21 χιλίους | cc | high | Coordinates the two numeral objects. |
| 21 | χιλίους | χίλιοι | NUM | M---AM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 18 διακοσίους | conj | high | Second coordinated numeral object; noun is elliptical. |
| 22 | Φιλόμηλος | Φιλόμηλος | PROPN | N---NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἤγαγεν | nsubj | high | Personal name, subject of ἤγαγεν. |
| 23 | ἤγαγεν | ἄγω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate, ‘led/brought’. |
| 24 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | D | _ | 23 ἤγαγεν | advmod | high | Later. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | U | _ | 23 ἤγαγεν | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ μάλιστα ἐν ἀκμῇ τῶν Αἰτωλῶν ἐτράπετο ἐπὶ τὴν μετὰ τοῦ Ἀκιχωρίου στρατιάν, καὶ μάχης μὲν οὐκ ἦρχον, ὁδευόντων δὲ ἐπέκειντο ἀεὶ τοῖς ἐσχάτοις ἁρπάζοντές τε τὰ τῶν σκευαγωγούντων καὶ αὐτοὺς τοὺς ἄνδρας φονεύοντες· καὶ ἡ πορεία κατὰ ταύτην μάλιστα ἐγίνετό σφισι βραδεῖα τὴν αἰτίαν.
The passage has two coordinated clauses: ἐτράπετο governs ἐπί plus στρατιάν, while the following ἦρχον/ἐπέκειντο clauses have an implicit plural subject (the Aetolians). In the final clause, τὴν αἰτίαν is an accusative of respect or cause with βραδεῖα; σφισι is dative of interest.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐτράπετο | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 8 ἐτράπετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D--------- | Degree=Sup | 8 ἐτράπετο | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 5 ἀκμῇ | case | high | |
| 5 | ἀκμῇ | ἀκμή | NOUN | NDSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐτράπετο | obl | high | Dative with ἐν. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 Αἰτωλῶν | det | high | |
| 7 | Αἰτωλῶν | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | NGPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀκμῇ | nmod | high | Partitive or descriptive genitive. |
| 8 | ἐτράπετο | τρέπω | VERB | V3SAMI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Subject is τὸ ... μάλιστα, neuter singular collective/impersonal. |
| 9 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R--------- | _ | 14 στρατιάν | case | high | |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 στρατιάν | det | high | |
| 11 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R--------- | _ | 13 Ἀκιχωρίου | case | high | With genitive. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Ἀκιχωρίου | det | high | |
| 13 | Ἀκιχωρίου | Ἀκιχώριος | PROPN | NGSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 στρατιάν | nmod | high | |
| 14 | στρατιάν | στρατιά | NOUN | NASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐτράπετο | obl | high | Destination/target with ἐπί. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐτράπετο | punct | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 20 ἦρχον | cc | high | |
| 17 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | NGSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἦρχον | obl | medium | Genitive of relation with ἦρχον: ‘they did not begin battle’. |
| 18 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 20 ἦρχον | discourse | high | |
| 19 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D--------- | Polarity=Neg | 20 ἦρχον | advmod | high | |
| 20 | ἦρχον | ἄρχω | VERB | V1PAIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 8 ἐτράπετο | conj | high | Subject understood as the Aetolians. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἦρχον | punct | high | |
| 22 | ὁδευόντων | ὁδεύω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ἐπέκειντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute, subject implicit/the Aetolians. |
| 23 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 24 ἐπέκειντο | cc | high | |
| 24 | ἐπέκειντο | ἐπίκειμαι | VERB | V3PIIM--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 8 ἐτράπετο | conj | high | Subject understood as the Aetolians; ἐπίκειμαι takes dative. |
| 25 | ἀεὶ | ἀεί | ADV | D--------- | _ | 24 ἐπέκειντο | advmod | high | |
| 26 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἐσχάτοις | det | high | |
| 27 | ἐσχάτοις | ἔσχατος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἐπέκειντο | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the rear-most men’. |
| 28 | ἁρπάζοντές | ἁρπάζω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ἐπέκειντο | advcl | high | Coordinated participle with φονεύοντες. |
| 29 | τε | τε | CCONJ | G--------- | _ | 28 ἁρπάζοντές | cc | high | |
| 30 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 32 σκευαγωγούντων | det | high | |
| 31 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 σκευαγωγούντων | det | high | |
| 32 | σκευαγωγούντων | σκευαγωγέω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 30 τὰ | nmod | high | Substantivized genitive participle, ‘those carrying baggage’. |
| 33 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 37 φονεύοντες | cc | high | |
| 34 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 36 ἄνδρας | det | medium | Intensive pronoun, ‘the men themselves’; tagged PRON rather than DET. |
| 35 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 ἄνδρας | det | high | |
| 36 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | NAMM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 37 φονεύοντες | obj | high | |
| 37 | φονεύοντες | φονεύω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ἐπέκειντο | advcl | high | Coordinated with ἁρπάζοντες. |
| 38 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐπέκειντο | punct | high | |
| 39 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 45 ἐγίνετό | cc | high | |
| 40 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 41 πορεία | det | high | |
| 41 | πορεία | πορεία | NOUN | NNSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 45 ἐγίνετό | nsubj | high | |
| 42 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R--------- | _ | 43 ταύτην | case | high | With accusative. |
| 43 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | P-DAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 45 ἐγίνετό | obl | high | Reference is somewhat elliptical; κατὰ ταύτην likely ‘on this account/route’. |
| 44 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D--------- | Degree=Sup | 45 ἐγίνετό | advmod | high | |
| 45 | ἐγίνετό | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3S IIM--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated root; punctuation separates it from the preceding clause. |
| 46 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 45 ἐγίνετό | iobj | high | Dative of interest. |
| 47 | βραδεῖα | βραδύς | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 45 ἐγίνετό | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with πορεία. |
| 48 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 49 αἰτίαν | det | high | |
| 49 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | NASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 45 ἐγίνετό | obl | medium | Accusative of respect/cause; syntactically somewhat elliptical. |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 45 ἐγίνετό | punct | high |
κατέλιπε δὲ καὶ περὶ τὴν Ἡράκλειαν ὁ Ἀκιχώριος μοῖραν, οἳ ἔμελλον φρουρήσειν τὰ ἐπὶ τοῦ στρατοπέδου χρήματα.
The relative clause οἳ ἔμελλον φρουρήσειν modifies the implied/expressed contingent μοῖραν: those left near Heraclea were going to guard the money at the camp. φρουρήσειν is an infinitive complementary to ἔμελλον; περὶ takes the accusative here.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατέλιπε | καταλείπω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 8 Ἀκιχώριος | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 κατέλιπε | cc | high | Postpositive conjunction. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 μοῖραν | cc | high | Coordinates the object phrase. |
| 4 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 Ἡράκλειαν | case | high | With accusative τὴν Ἡράκλειαν. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RAFS3A | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 6 Ἡράκλειαν | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἡράκλειαν | Ἡράκλεια | PROPN | N-AFS | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 9 μοῖραν | obl | high | Place name governed by περί. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 8 Ἀκιχώριος | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀκιχώριος | Ἀκιχώριος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 1 κατέλιπε | nsubj | high | Personal name; nominative subject. |
| 9 | μοῖραν | μοῖρα | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 1 κατέλιπε | obj | high | Object of κατέλιπε; denotes a contingent or detachment. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κατέλιπε | punct | high | |
| 11 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | RR-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 12 ἔμελλον | nsubj | medium | Relative pronoun, likely referring to the men of the detached contingent; antecedent is semantically associated with μοῖραν. |
| 12 | ἔμελλον | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 1 κατέλιπε | acl:relcl | high | |
| 13 | φρουρήσειν | φρουρέω | VERB | V-FAI | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Future|Voice=Active | 12 ἔμελλον | xcomp | high | Complementary future infinitive. |
| 14 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 18 χρήματα | det | high | |
| 15 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 στρατοπέδου | case | high | With genitive τοῦ στρατοπέδου. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | R-GSN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 17 στρατοπέδου | det | high | |
| 17 | στρατοπέδου | στρατόπεδον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 18 χρήματα | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐπί, specifying the camp. |
| 18 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 13 φρουρήσειν | obj | high | Object of φρουρήσειν. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κατέλιπε | punct | high |