Grammar parses for passage 10.23.11
Open translation for this passage
Ἀθηναίων δὲ ἄνδρες ἐπισκεψόμενοι μὲν ἀφίκοντο ἐν Δελφοῖς· τότε δὲ ἐπανήκοντες τά τε ἄλλα ἤγγελλον ὁποῖα συμβεβήκει τοῖς βαρβάροις καὶ τὰ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ κατειληφότα.
The sentence has two coordinated finite clauses (ἀφίκοντο ...; ἤγγελλον ...). In the second, ὁποῖα συμβεβήκει τοῖς βαρβάροις is a reported-content clause, while τά τε ἄλλα and τὰ ... κατειληφότα are coordinated accusative objects of ἤγγελλον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἄνδρες | nmod | high | Genitive of origin/association with ἄνδρες. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 6 ἀφίκοντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἄνδρες | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀφίκοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἐπισκεψόμενοι | ἐπισκέπτομαι | VERB | V-FMP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 6 ἀφίκοντο | advcl | medium | Future middle participle, circumstantial/purposive. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | -------- | _ | 6 ἀφίκοντο | discourse | high | Correlative with δὲ at token 11. |
| 6 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-2ADI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Δελφοῖς | case | high | |
| 8 | Δελφοῖς | Δελφοί | PROPN | N-----DP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀφίκοντο | obl | high | Locative dative governed by ἐν. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | |
| 10 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 ἤγγελλον | advmod | high | |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 16 ἤγγελλον | cc | high | Contrasts the return/reporting phase with the arrival. |
| 12 | ἐπανήκοντες | ἐπανήκω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 ἤγγελλον | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, contemporaneous with ἤγγελλον. |
| 13 | τά | ὁ | DET | P---NAP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἄλλα | det | high | |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 15 ἄλλα | cc | high | Part of τά τε ἄλλα. |
| 15 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-----NP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 ἤγγελλον | obj | high | Substantivized adjective: other matters. |
| 16 | ἤγγελλον | ἀγγέλλω | VERB | V-IAI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second coordinated finite clause after the semicolon; treated as a discourse-level root. |
| 17 | ὁποῖα | ὁποῖος | PRON | P-----NAP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 συμβεβήκει | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural subject of συμβεβήκει in an indirect report. |
| 18 | συμβεβήκει | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-LAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Act | 16 ἤγγελλον | ccomp | medium | Unusual pluperfect form; subordinate content clause dependent on ἤγγελλον. |
| 19 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | P---DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 βαρβάροις | det | high | |
| 20 | βαρβάροις | βάρβαρος | ADJ | A-----DP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 συμβεβήκει | obl | high | Dative with συμβαίνω: what had happened to the barbarians. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 26 κατειληφότα | cc | medium | Coordinates the second accusative content object with τά τε ἄλλα. |
| 22 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | P---NAP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 κατειληφότα | det | high | Article with substantivized participle. |
| 23 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 θεοῦ | case | high | |
| 24 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | P---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 θεοῦ | det | high | |
| 25 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N-----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 κατειληφότα | obl | high | Object of ἐκ in the phrase ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ. |
| 26 | κατειληφότα | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V-LAP-NAP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 16 ἤγγελλον | conj | medium | Substantivized perfect participle, coordinated accusative object: things received/understood from the god. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἤγγελλον | punct | high |
οἱ δὲ αὐτοί τε ἐξεστρατεύοντο καὶ ὡς τὴν Βοιωτίαν διώδευον οἱ Βοιωτοί σφισιν ἀνεμίχθησαν·
The sentence coordinates the Greeks’ marching with the Boeotians’ joining them; ὡς διώδευον is a temporal subordinate clause, and σφισιν is a dative of association/goal.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 ἐξεστρατεύοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 5 ἐξεστρατεύοντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | P---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 5 ἐξεστρατεύοντο | nsubj | medium | Emphatic subject pronoun, coreferential with οἱ. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 6 καὶ | cc | high | Correlative τε with καί. |
| 5 | ἐξεστρατεύοντο | ἐκστρατεύω | VERB | V-IIM-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 14 ἀνεμίχθησαν | cc | medium | Links the initial clause with the following event clause; τε...καί also contributes coordination. |
| 7 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | -------- | _ | 10 διώδευον | mark | medium | Temporal conjunction, ‘when/as’. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T---ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Βοιωτίαν | det | high | |
| 9 | Βοιωτίαν | Βοιωτία | PROPN | Neuter? | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Number=Sing | 10 διώδευον | obj | high | Place-name, accusative singular. |
| 10 | διώδευον | διοδεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 14 ἀνεμίχθησαν | advcl | high | Temporal subordinate clause introduced by ὡς. |
| 11 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 Βοιωτοί | det | high | |
| 12 | Βοιωτοί | Βοιωτός | PROPN | A-----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NameType=民族|Number=Plur | 14 ἀνεμίχθησαν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 13 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P---3DP- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 14 ἀνεμίχθησαν | iobj | medium | Reflexive/third-person plural dative, ‘to/among them’; antecedent is the marching Greeks. |
| 14 | ἀνεμίχθησαν | ἀναμείγνυμι | VERB | V-API-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 5 ἐξεστρατεύοντο | conj | high | Coordinated with ἐξεστρατεύοντο; passive morphology with reciprocal/intransitive sense ‘joined/mingled’. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐξεστρατεύοντο | punct | high |
οὕτω δὴ ἀμφότεροι τοῖς βαρβάροις ἐπακολουθοῦντες ἐλόχων τε καὶ ἔκτεινον τοὺς ἀεὶ ἐσχάτους.
οὕτω δὴ sets the manner and emphasis; ἀμφότεροι is the nominative subject of the coordinated imperfects ἐλόχων and ἔκτεινον. The participle ἐπακολουθοῦντες is circumstantial and takes the dative τοῖς βαρβάροις; τοὺς ἐσχάτους is the object of ἔκτεινον, with ἀεὶ modifying the adjective substantivally.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D- | PronType=Dem | 7 ἐλόχων | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὴ | δή | PART | X | _ | 7 ἐλόχων | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ἀμφότεροι | ἀμφότερος | PRON | A-P---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 7 ἐλόχων | nsubj | high | Nominal use: ‘both’. |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 βαρβάροις | det | high | |
| 5 | βαρβάροις | βάρβαρος | ADJ | A-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐπακολουθοῦντες | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, governed by ἐπακολουθέω. |
| 6 | ἐπακολουθοῦντες | ἐπακολουθέω | VERB | V-PAP-NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἐλόχων | advcl | high | Circumstantial present participle. |
| 7 | ἐλόχων | λοχάω | VERB | V-IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 ἔκτεινον | conj | medium | Imperfect form; exact lexical sense is context-dependent, probably ‘lay in ambush/ambushed’. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 7 ἐλόχων | cc | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 10 ἔκτεινον | cc | high | Coordinates the two imperfect predicates. |
| 10 | ἔκτεινον | κτείνω | VERB | V-IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 ἐσχάτους | det | high | |
| 12 | ἀεὶ | ἀεί | ADV | D- | _ | 13 ἐσχάτους | advmod | high | |
| 13 | ἐσχάτους | ἔσχατος | ADJ | A-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἔκτεινον | obj | high | Substantivized adjective: ‘the rearmost/latest ones’. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔκτεινον | punct | high |