Pausanias Analysis

Grammar parses for passage 10.23.12

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Passage 10.23.12

Open translation for this passage

2sentences parsed
93Greek tokens
2,064input tokens
6,745output tokens
Sentence 1

10.23.12 sentence 1

Tokens
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Input
1,111
Output
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4,914

τοῖς δὲ φεύγουσιν ὁμοῦ τῷ Βρέννῳ καὶ οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἀκιχώριον ἐν τῇ προτέρᾳ νυκτὶ ἀνεμίχθησαν· βραδεῖαν γὰρ τὴν πορείαν ἐποίησάν σφισιν οἱ Αἰτωλοὶ τοῖς τε ἀκοντίοις ἐς αὐτοὺς ἀφειδέστερον καὶ ὅτῳ τύχοιεν καὶ ἄλλῳ χρώμενοι, ὥστε ἐς τὸ στρατόπεδον τὸ πρὸς τῇ Ἡρακλείᾳ μοῖρα οὐ πολλὴ διέφυγεν ἐξ αὐτῶν.

The syntax is somewhat loose in the middle: the participial phrase χρώμενοι governs several datives, and the result clause after ὥστε has an accusative μοῖρα that is best read with attraction/ellipsis in this transmitted wording.

advcl discourse obl advmod advcl mark obl obl obl obl advmod det nmod det nmod case amod discourse nsubj advcl nsubj punct det case det case case amod obl det cc det det amod obl punct det obj iobj det cc case cc obl cc obl punct det det advmod case root root 1 τοῖς ὁ / DET 2 δὲ δέ / PART 3 φεύγουσιν φεύγω / VERB 4 ὁμοῦ ὁμοῦ / ADV 5 τῷ ὁ / DET 6 Βρέννῳ Βρέννος / PROPN 7 καὶ καί / CCONJ 8 οἱ ὁ / DET 9 περὶ περί / ADP 10 τὸν ὁ / DET 11 Ἀκιχώριον Ἀκιχώριος / PROPN 12 ἐν ἐν / ADP 13 τῇ ὁ / DET 14 προτέρᾳ πρότερος / ADJ 15 νυκτὶ νύξ / NOUN 16 ἀνεμίχθησαν ἀναμίγνυμι / VERB 17 · · / PUNCT 18 βραδεῖαν βραδύς / ADJ 19 γὰρ γάρ / PART 20 τὴν ὁ / DET 21 πορείαν πορεία / NOUN 22 ἐποίησάν ποιέω / VERB 23 σφισιν σφεῖς / PRON 24 οἱ ὁ / DET 25 Αἰτωλοὶ Αἰτωλός / PROPN 26 τοῖς ὁ / DET 27 τε τε / CCONJ 28 ἀκοντίοις ἀκόντιον / NOUN 29 ἐς εἰς / ADP 30 αὐτοὺς αὐτός / PRON 31 ἀφειδέστερον ἀφειδέστερον / ADV 32 καὶ καί / CCONJ 33 ὅτῳ ὅστις / PRON 34 τύχοιεν τυγχάνω / VERB 35 καὶ καί / CCONJ 36 ἄλλῳ ἄλλος / PRON 37 χρώμενοι χράομαι / VERB 38 , , / PUNCT 39 ὥστε ὥστε / SCONJ 40 ἐς εἰς / ADP 41 τὸ ὁ / DET 42 στρατόπεδον στρατόπεδον / NOUN 43 τὸ ὁ / DET 44 πρὸς πρός / ADP 45 τῇ ὁ / DET 46 Ἡρακλείᾳ Ἡράκλεια / PROPN 47 μοῖρα μοῖρα / NOUN 48 οὐ οὐ / PART 49 πολλὴ πολύς / ADJ 50 διέφυγεν διαφεύγω / VERB 51 ἐξ ἐκ / ADP 52 αὐτῶν αὐτός / PRON 53 . . / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1τοῖςὁDETArticleCase=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur3 φεύγουσινdethighArticle agreeing with φεύγουσιν.
2δὲδέPARTPtcl_16 ἀνεμίχθησανdiscoursehighPostpositive discourse particle.
3φεύγουσινφεύγωVERBV-PPPCase=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act16 ἀνεμίχθησανoblhighDative participle modifying the first clause's subject.
4ὁμοῦὁμοῦADVD--------_16 ἀνεμίχθησανadvmodhighAdverb modifying ἀνεμίχθησαν.
5τῷὁDETArticleCase=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing6 ΒρέννῳdethighArticle with Βρέννῳ.
6ΒρέννῳΒρέννοςPROPNNe- Dat Sg MascCase=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing16 ἀνεμίχθησανoblhighDative proper name in the first clause.
7καὶκαίCCONJCoord_8 οἱcchighCoordinates the second dative subject phrase.
8οἱὁDETArticleCase=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur11 ἈκιχώριονdethighArticle with περὶ phrase functioning substantivally.
9περὶπερίADPPrep_11 ἈκιχώριονcasehighPreposition governing Ἀκιχώριον.
10τὸνὁDETArticleCase=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing11 ἈκιχώριονdethighArticle with Ἀκιχώριον.
11ἈκιχώριονἈκιχώριοςPROPNNe- Acc Sg MascCase=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing8 οἱnmodhighObject of περί in the coordinated phrase.
12ἐνἐνADPPrep_15 νυκτὶcasehighPreposition with dative time expression.
13τῇὁDETArticleCase=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing14 προτέρᾳdethighArticle with προτέρᾳ.
14προτέρᾳπρότεροςADJA- Dat Sg FemCase=Dat|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing15 νυκτὶamodhighModifies νυκτί.
15νυκτὶνύξNOUNN- Dat Sg FemCase=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing16 ἀνεμίχθησανoblhighTemporal oblique.
16ἀνεμίχθησανἀναμίγνυμιVERBV-AOR-PMI-3PMood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass0 ROOTroothighMain verb of first sentence.
17··PUNCT__16 ἀνεμίχθησανpuncthighSentence punctuation.
18βραδεῖανβραδύςADJA- Acc Sg FemCase=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing21 πορείανamodhighAdnominal adjective with πορείαν.
19γὰργάρPARTPtcl_22 ἐποίησάνdiscoursehighExplanatory particle.
20τὴνὁDETArticleCase=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing21 πορείανdethighArticle with πορείαν.
21πορείανπορείαNOUNN- Acc Sg FemCase=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing22 ἐποίησάνobjhighDirect object of ἐποίησάν.
22ἐποίησάνποιέωVERBV-AAI-3PMood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act50 διέφυγενadvclmediumAorist finite verb in causal clause; attached to later result clause.
23σφισινσφεῖςPRONP- Dat PlCase=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=322 ἐποίησάνiobjhighDative of disadvantage/benefit.
24οἱὁDETArticleCase=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur25 ΑἰτωλοὶdethighArticle with Αἰτωλοί.
25ΑἰτωλοὶΑἰτωλόςPROPNNe- Nom Pl MascCase=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur22 ἐποίησάνnsubjhighSubject of ἐποίησάν.
26τοῖςὁDETArticleCase=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur28 ἀκοντίοιςdethighArticle with ἀκοντίοις.
27τετεCCONJEnclitic_26 τοῖςcchighEnclitic coordinating within the instrument phrase.
28ἀκοντίοιςἀκόντιονNOUNN- Dat Pl NeutCase=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur37 χρώμενοιoblhighInstrumental dative governed by χρώμενοι.
29ἐςεἰςADPPrep_30 αὐτοὺςcasehighPreposition with accusative αὐτούς.
30αὐτοὺςαὐτόςPRONP- Acc Pl MascCase=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=337 χρώμενοιoblhighGoal/target complement with preposition.
31ἀφειδέστερονἀφειδέστερονADVD--------Degree=Cmp37 χρώμενοιadvmodhighAdverb modifying χρώμενοι.
32καὶκαίCCONJCoord_33 ὅτῳcchighCoordinates two relative/interrogative forms.
33ὅτῳὅστιςPRONP- Dat SgCase=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing34 τύχοιενoblmediumLikely dative of instrument/means with τύχοιεν; form is ambiguous.
34τύχοιεντυγχάνωVERBV-AAO-3PMood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act37 χρώμενοιadvclmediumPotential/relative clause depending on χρώμενοι.
35καὶκαίCCONJCoord_36 ἄλλῳcchighCoordinates ὅτῳ and ἄλλῳ.
36ἄλλῳἄλλοςPRONP- Dat SgCase=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing37 χρώμενοιoblhighSecond dative complement with χρώμενοι.
37χρώμενοιχράομαιVERBV-PNP-NPMCase=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid25 ΑἰτωλοὶadvclmediumParticipial clause modifying Αἰτωλοί.
38,,PUNCT__37 χρώμενοιpuncthighPunctuation.
39ὥστεὥστεSCONJConj_50 διέφυγενmarkhighResult clause marker.
40ἐςεἰςADPPrep_42 στρατόπεδονcasehighPreposition with στρατόπεδον.
41τὸὁDETArticleCase=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing42 στρατόπεδονdethighArticle with στρατόπεδον.
42στρατόπεδονστρατόπεδονNOUNN- Acc Sg NeutCase=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing50 διέφυγενoblhighGoal of διέφυγεν.
43τὸὁDETArticleCase=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing47 μοῖραdethighArticle with μοῖρα.
44πρὸςπρόςADPPrep_46 ἩρακλείᾳcasehighPreposition with dative Ἡρακλείᾳ.
45τῇὁDETArticleCase=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing46 ἩρακλείᾳdethighArticle with Ἡρακλείᾳ.
46ἩρακλείᾳἩράκλειαPROPNNe- Dat Sg FemCase=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing42 στρατόπεδονnmodhighPrepositional modifier of στρατόπεδον.
47μοῖραμοῖραNOUNN- Acc Sg FemCase=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing50 διέφυγενnsubjhighSubject of διέφυγεν.
48οὐοὐPARTNeg_49 πολλὴadvmodhighNegation of πολλὴ.
49πολλὴπολύςADJA- Acc Sg FemCase=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing47 μοῖραamodhighAttributive adjective with μοῖρα; accusative appears to be governed by attraction in the result clause.
50διέφυγενδιαφεύγωVERBV-AAI-3SMood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighMain verb of the result clause.
51ἐξἐκADPPrep_52 αὐτῶνcasehighPreposition with αὐτῶν.
52αὐτῶναὐτόςPRONP- Gen PlCase=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=350 διέφυγενoblhighSource/ablative complement.
53..PUNCT__50 διέφυγενpuncthighSentence punctuation.
Sentence 2

10.23.12 sentence 2

Tokens
40
Input
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Output
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τῷ δὲ Βρέννῳ κατὰ μὲν τὰ τραύματα ἐλείπετο ἔτι σωτηρίας ἐλπίς· τῶν δὲ πολιτῶν φόβῳ φασὶν αὐτὸν καὶ τῇ αἰδοῖ πλέον, ἅτε τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι κακῶν αἴτιον, ἑκουσίως ἀφεῖναι τὴν ψυχὴν ἀκράτου πίνοντα τοῦ οἴνου.

The second clause is an indirect statement with φασίν; the participial phrase ἅτε ... αἴτιον and the genitive/dative modifiers are syntactically compressed, making the exact attachment of αἴτιον somewhat uncertain.

punct advcl ccomp nsubj punct advmod xcomp discourse punct mark iobj punct obl det case nsubj discourse nmod det det nsubj cc case obj obj discourse det obl advmod nmod obl det det nmod nmod advmod det det root root 1 τῷ ὁ / DET 2 δὲ δέ / PART 3 Βρέννῳ Βρέννος / PROPN 4 κατὰ κατά / ADP 5 μὲν μέν / PART 6 τὰ ὁ / DET 7 τραύματα τραῦμα / NOUN 8 ἐλείπετο λείπω / VERB 9 ἔτι ἔτι / ADV 10 σωτηρίας σωτηρία / NOUN 11 ἐλπίς ἐλπίς / NOUN 12 · · / PUNCT 13 τῶν ὁ / DET 14 δὲ δέ / PART 15 πολιτῶν πολίτης / NOUN 16 φόβῳ φόβος / NOUN 17 φασὶν φημί / VERB 18 αὐτὸν αὐτός / PRON 19 καὶ καί / CCONJ 20 τῇ ὁ / DET 21 αἰδοῖ αἰδώς / NOUN 22 πλέον πολύς / ADJ 23 , , / PUNCT 24 ἅτε ἅτε / SCONJ 25 τῶν ὁ / DET 26 ἐν ἐν / ADP 27 τῇ ὁ / DET 28 Ἑλλάδι Ἑλλάς / PROPN 29 κακῶν κακός / ADJ 30 αἴτιον αἴτιος / ADJ 31 , , / PUNCT 32 ἑκουσίως ἑκουσίως / ADV 33 ἀφεῖναι ἀφίημι / VERB 34 τὴν ὁ / DET 35 ψυχὴν ψυχή / NOUN 36 ἀκράτου ἄκρατος / ADJ 37 πίνοντα πίνω / VERB 38 τοῦ ὁ / DET 39 οἴνου οἶνος / NOUN 40 . . / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1τῷὁDETATRCase=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art3 ΒρέννῳdethighArticle with πολιτῶν/Βρέννῳ context is difficult; here taken as dative masc/neut singular article agreeing with Βρέννῳ? form is ambiguous.
2δὲδέPART__8 ἐλείπετοdiscoursehighPostpositive connective.
3ΒρέννῳΒρέννοςPROPNN-S---MD-Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing8 ἐλείπετοiobjhighDative of person affected by ἐλείπετο.
4κατὰκατάADP__7 τραύματαcasehighWith accusative.
5μὲνμένPART__4 κατὰdiscoursehighCorrelative particle.
6τὰὁDETATRCase=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art7 τραύματαdethighArticle modifying τραύματα.
7τραύματατραῦμαNOUNN-P---NA-Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur8 ἐλείπετοoblhighAccusative governed by κατὰ.
8ἐλείπετολείπωVERBV-IAI-3S-Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid0 ROOTroothighMain verb of first clause.
9ἔτιἔτιADV__8 ἐλείπετοadvmodhighAdverb.
10σωτηρίαςσωτηρίαNOUNN-S---FG-Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing11 ἐλπίςnmodhighGenitive dependent of ἐλπίς.
11ἐλπίςἐλπίςNOUNN-S---FN-Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing8 ἐλείπετοnsubjhighSubject of ἐλείπετο.
12··PUNCT__8 ἐλείπετοpuncthighSentence punctuation.
13τῶνὁDETATRCase=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art15 πολιτῶνdethighArticle with πολιτῶν.
14δὲδέPART__17 φασὶνdiscoursehighPostpositive connective.
15πολιτῶνπολίτηςNOUNN-P---MG-Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur17 φασὶνnsubjmediumGenitive subject with φασίν in indirect speech construction; could also be partitive/possessive.
16φόβῳφόβοςNOUNN-S---MD-Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing17 φασὶνoblhighDative of cause/means.
17φασὶνφημίVERBV-PAI-3P-Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighReporting verb introducing infinitival clause.
18αὐτὸναὐτόςPRONP-3SM---A-Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs33 ἀφεῖναιnsubjhighSubject accusative of ἀφεῖναι in indirect statement.
19καὶκαίCCONJ__21 αἰδοῖcchighLinks φόβῳ and τῇ αἰδοῖ.
20τῇὁDETATRCase=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art21 αἰδοῖdethighArticle with αἰδοῖ.
21αἰδοῖαἰδώςNOUNN-S---FD-Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing17 φασὶνoblhighDative coordinated with φόβῳ.
22πλέονπολύςADJA-S---NA-Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing33 ἀφεῖναιadvmodmediumComparative used adverbially; could also be predicative object complement.
23,,PUNCT__17 φασὶνpuncthighPunctuation.
24ἅτεἅτεSCONJ__30 αἴτιονmarkhighCausal/explanatory particle introducing participial phrase.
25τῶνὁDETATRCase=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art29 κακῶνdethighArticle with κακῶν.
26ἐνἐνADP__28 ἙλλάδιcasehighPreposition.
27τῇὁDETATRCase=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art28 ἙλλάδιdethighArticle with Ἑλλάδι.
28ἙλλάδιἙλλάςPROPNN-S---FD-Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing29 κακῶνnmodhighComplement of ἐν.
29κακῶνκακόςADJA-P---NG-Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur30 αἴτιονnmodmediumGenitive plural modifying αἴτιον; could be substantivized.
30αἴτιοναἴτιοςADJA-S---NA-Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing37 πίνονταxcompmediumPredicative complement in participial phrase; agreement with αὐτόν expected but form neuter may reflect textual or analytic difficulty.
31,,PUNCT__17 φασὶνpuncthighPunctuation.
32ἑκουσίωςἑκουσίωςADV__33 ἀφεῖναιadvmodhighAdverb modifying ἀφεῖναι.
33ἀφεῖναιἀφίημιVERBV-AANTense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act17 φασὶνccomphighComplementary infinitive in indirect statement after φασίν.
34τὴνὁDETATRCase=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art35 ψυχὴνdethighArticle with ψυχὴν.
35ψυχὴνψυχήNOUNN-S---FA-Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing33 ἀφεῖναιobjhighObject of ἀφεῖναι.
36ἀκράτουἄκρατοςADJA-S---NG-Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing39 οἴνουnmodhighGenitive dependent on οἴνου, implying unmixed wine.
37πίνονταπίνωVERBV-PAP-AMSCase=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act18 αὐτὸνadvclhighParticipial clause modifying αὐτόν.
38τοῦὁDETATRCase=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art39 οἴνουdethighArticle with οἴνου.
39οἴνουοἶνοςNOUNN-S---MG-Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing37 πίνονταobjhighGenitive with πίνω.
40..PUNCT__17 φασὶνpuncthighSentence-final punctuation.
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