Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 10.23.12

← 10.23.11 10.23.13 →

Passage 10.23.12

Open translation for this passage

2sentences parsed

93Greek tokens

2,062input tokens

6,413output tokens

Sentence 1

10.23.12 sentence 1

Tokens: 53
Input: 1,110
Output: 3,682
Total: 4,792

τοῖς δὲ φεύγουσιν ὁμοῦ τῷ Βρέννῳ καὶ οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἀκιχώριον ἐν τῇ προτέρᾳ νυκτὶ ἀνεμίχθησαν· βραδεῖαν γὰρ τὴν πορείαν ἐποίησάν σφισιν οἱ Αἰτωλοὶ τοῖς τε ἀκοντίοις ἐς αὐτοὺς ἀφειδέστερον καὶ ὅτῳ τύχοιεν καὶ ἄλλῳ χρώμενοι, ὥστε ἐς τὸ στρατόπεδον τὸ πρὸς τῇ Ἡρακλείᾳ μοῖρα οὐ πολλὴ διέφυγεν ἐξ αὐτῶν.

Main clause: οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἀκιχώριον is subject of ἀνεμίχθησαν, with τοῖς φεύγουσιν as dative complement; the following γάρ clause explains the delayed march. The final ὥστε clause gives the result. Some participial and relative-like coordination is syntactically compressed.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-d----	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	3 φεύγουσιν	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	16 ἀνεμίχθησαν	cc	high
3	φεύγουσιν	φεύγω	VERB	V-PAP-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	16 ἀνεμίχθησαν	obl	medium	Substantivized participle, ‘those fleeing’.
4	ὁμοῦ	ὁμοῦ	ADV	D--------	_	16 ἀνεμίχθησαν	advmod	high
5	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-d----	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	6 Βρέννῳ	det	high
6	Βρέννῳ	Βρέννος	PROPN	Ne-d----	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 ὁμοῦ	obl	high
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	8 οἱ	cc	high
8	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-n---mn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	16 ἀνεμίχθησαν	nsubj	high	Article with substantivized περὶ phrase.
9	περὶ	περί	ADP	R--------	_	11 Ἀκιχώριον	case	high
10	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-d---ma-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	11 Ἀκιχώριον	det	high
11	Ἀκιχώριον	Ἀκιχώριος	PROPN	Ne-s---ma-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 οἱ	nmod	high	Person-name governed by περί.
12	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	15 νυκτὶ	case	high
13	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T-d---fd-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	14 προτέρᾳ	det	high
14	προτέρᾳ	πρότερος	ADJ	A-s---fd-	Case=Dat\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 νυκτὶ	amod	high
15	νυκτὶ	νύξ	NOUN	N-s---fd-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 ἀνεμίχθησαν	obl	high
16	ἀνεμίχθησαν	ἀναμείγνυμι	VERB	V-API-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	high
17	·	·	PUNCT	U--------	_	16 ἀνεμίχθησαν	punct	high
18	βραδεῖαν	βραδύς	ADJ	A-s---fa-	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 πορείαν	amod	high
19	γὰρ	γάρ	CCONJ	C--------	_	22 ἐποίησάν	cc	high
20	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-s---fa-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	21 πορείαν	det	high
21	πορείαν	πορεία	NOUN	N-s---fa-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 ἐποίησάν	obj	high
22	ἐποίησάν	ποιέω	VERB	V-AAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	16 ἀνεμίχθησαν	parataxis	high
23	σφισιν	σφεῖς	PRON	Pp3-p---d-	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs\|Reflex=Yes	22 ἐποίησάν	iobj	medium	Dative of disadvantage/reference.
24	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-n---mn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	25 Αἰτωλοὶ	det	high
25	Αἰτωλοὶ	Αἰτωλός	PROPN	Ne-p---mn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 ἐποίησάν	nsubj	high
26	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-p---nd-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	28 ἀκοντίοις	det	high
27	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	28 ἀκοντίοις	cc	high
28	ἀκοντίοις	ἀκόντιον	NOUN	N-p---nd-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	37 χρώμενοι	obl	medium	Instrumental dative with χρώμενοι.
29	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	30 αὐτοὺς	case	high
30	αὐτοὺς	αὐτός	PRON	Pp3pama-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	31 ἀφειδέστερον	obl	high
31	ἀφειδέστερον	ἀφειδής	ADV	A--------	Degree=Cmp	37 χρώμενοι	advmod	high	Comparative adverb.
32	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	34 τύχοιεν	cc	high
33	ὅτῳ	ὅστις	PRON	Pi-s---md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Int	34 τύχοιεν	obl	low	Indefinite/relative-like dative; exact construction is compressed.
34	τύχοιεν	τυγχάνω	VERB	V-2AAO-3P	Mood=Opt\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	37 χρώμενοι	advcl	low	Optative in an indefinite or parenthetic construction.
35	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	36 ἄλλῳ	cc	high
36	ἄλλῳ	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-s---md-	Case=Dat\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	37 χρώμενοι	obl	medium	Substantivized dative, ‘another [weapon/method]’.
37	χρώμενοι	χράομαι	VERB	V-PMP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	22 ἐποίησάν	advcl	high	Participial means/manner clause, subject Αἰτωλοί.
38	,	,	PUNCT	U--------	_	37 χρώμενοι	punct	high
39	ὥστε	ὥστε	SCONJ	C--------	_	50 διέφυγεν	mark	high	Introduces result clause.
40	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	42 στρατόπεδον	case	high
41	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-s---na-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	42 στρατόπεδον	det	high
42	στρατόπεδον	στρατόπεδον	NOUN	N-s---na-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	50 διέφυγεν	obl	high
43	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-s---na-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	47 μοῖρα	det	high
44	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	R--------	_	46 Ἡρακλείᾳ	case	high
45	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T-s---fd-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	46 Ἡρακλείᾳ	det	high
46	Ἡρακλείᾳ	Ἡράκλεια	PROPN	Ne-s---fd-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	47 μοῖρα	nmod	high	Place-name in a τὸ πρὸς τῇ Ἡρακλείᾳ phrase.
47	μοῖρα	μοῖρα	NOUN	N-s---fn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	50 διέφυγεν	nsubj	high
48	οὐ	οὐ	PART	D--------	Polarity=Neg	50 διέφυγεν	advmod	high
49	πολλὴ	πολύς	ADJ	A-s---fn-	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	47 μοῖρα	amod	high
50	διέφυγεν	διαφεύγω	VERB	V-2AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	22 ἐποίησάν	parataxis	high	Finite verb of the ὥστε result clause.
51	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	R--------	_	52 αὐτῶν	case	high
52	αὐτῶν	αὐτός	PRON	Pp3pg---	Case=Gen\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	50 διέφυγεν	obl	high
53	.	.	PUNCT	U--------	_	50 διέφυγεν	punct	high

Sentence 2

10.23.12 sentence 2

Tokens: 40
Input: 952
Output: 2,731
Total: 3,683

τῷ δὲ Βρέννῳ κατὰ μὲν τὰ τραύματα ἐλείπετο ἔτι σωτηρίας ἐλπίς· τῶν δὲ πολιτῶν φόβῳ φασὶν αὐτὸν καὶ τῇ αἰδοῖ πλέον, ἅτε τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι κακῶν αἴτιον, ἑκουσίως ἀφεῖναι τὴν ψυχὴν ἀκράτου πίνοντα τοῦ οἴνου.

The first clause has τῷ Βρέννῳ as ethical/dative subject with ἐλείπετο and ἐλπίς as nominative subject. In the reported infinitival construction, αὐτόν is the accusative subject of ἀφεῖναι; πλέον modifies the coordinated datives φόβῳ and τῇ αἰδοῖ, while ἅτε introduces the causal participial characterization. The participle πίνοντα is accusative and co-refers to αὐτόν.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 Βρέννῳ	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	8 ἐλείπετο	cc	high
3	Βρέννῳ	Βρέννος	PROPN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἐλείπετο	iobj	medium	Dative of personal concern/ethical dative.
4	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	R--------	_	7 τραύματα	case	high
5	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	8 ἐλείπετο	discourse	high
6	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	7 τραύματα	det	high
7	τραύματα	τραῦμα	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	8 ἐλείπετο	obl	high	Object of κατά in the phrase 'as regards the wounds'.
8	ἐλείπετο	λείπω	VERB	V-IIM-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high
9	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	D--------	_	8 ἐλείπετο	advmod	high
10	σωτηρίας	σωτηρία	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 ἐλπίς	nmod	high	Partitive/objective genitive with ἐλπίς.
11	ἐλπίς	ἐλπίς	NOUN	N-NFS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 ἐλείπετο	nsubj	high
12	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἐλείπετο	punct	high
13	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 πολιτῶν	det	high
14	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	17 φασὶν	cc	high
15	πολιτῶν	πολίτης	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 φόβῳ	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on φόβῳ: fear of the citizens.
16	φόβῳ	φόβος	NOUN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	33 ἀφεῖναι	obl	medium	Coordinated dative cause/grounds with τῇ αἰδοῖ.
17	φασὶν	φημί	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	33 ἀφεῖναι	parataxis	medium	Reporting verb; infinitival clause is its complement.
18	αὐτὸν	αὐτός	PRON	P-ASM-3S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Person=3	33 ἀφεῖναι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive.
19	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	21 αἰδοῖ	cc	high
20	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 αἰδοῖ	det	high
21	αἰδοῖ	αἰδώς	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 φόβῳ	conj	high	Coordinated with φόβῳ.
22	πλέον	πλέον	ADV	D--------	_	33 ἀφεῖναι	advmod	medium	Adverbial 'more/especially', modifying the causal motivation.
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	22 πλέον	punct	high
24	ἅτε	ἅτε	SCONJ	G--------	_	37 πίνοντα	mark	high	Introduces causal participial clause.
25	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	29 κακῶν	det	high
26	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	28 Ἑλλάδι	case	high
27	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	28 Ἑλλάδι	det	high
28	Ἑλλάδι	Ἑλλάς	PROPN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 κακῶν	obl	high
29	κακῶν	κακόν	NOUN	N-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	30 αἴτιον	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on αἴτιον.
30	αἴτιον	αἴτιος	ADJ	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	37 πίνοντα	xcomp	high	Predicative accusative with αὐτόν understood as subject.
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	30 αἴτιον	punct	high
32	ἑκουσίως	ἑκουσίως	ADV	D--------	_	33 ἀφεῖναι	advmod	high
33	ἀφεῖναι	ἀφίημι	VERB	V-AAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	17 φασὶν	ccomp	high
34	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	35 ψυχὴν	det	high
35	ψυχὴν	ψυχή	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	33 ἀφεῖναι	obj	high
36	ἀκράτου	ἄκρατος	ADJ	A-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	39 οἴνου	amod	high	Substantivized adjective, 'unmixed/pure'; agrees with οἴνου.
37	πίνοντα	πίνω	VERB	V-PAP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	33 ἀφεῖναι	advcl	high	Accusative participle agreeing with αὐτόν.
38	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	39 οἴνου	det	high
39	οἴνου	οἶνος	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	37 πίνοντα	obj	high	Genitive object of πίνοντα.
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	33 ἀφεῖναι	punct	high

← 10.23.11 10.23.13 →