Grammar parses for passage 10.23.13
Open translation for this passage
καὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ οἱ βάρβαροι μέχρι μὲν τοῦ Σπερχειοῦ χαλεπῶς ἐκομίσθησαν, τῶν Αἰτωλῶν βιαίως σφίσιν ἐγκειμένων·
Main clause has substantivized τὸ ἀπὸ τούτου as an accusative-like temporal/topic expression; τῶν Αἰτωλῶν ... ἐγκειμένων is a genitive absolute.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ἐκομίσθησαν | cc | high | |
| 2 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 τούτου | det | high | Substantivized article with ἀπό phrase. |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 4 τούτου | case | high | |
| 4 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | RD-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐκομίσθησαν | obl | medium | Substantivized τὸ ἀπὸ τούτου, ‘what followed from this’. |
| 5 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ἐκομίσθησαν | cc | high | |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 βάρβαροι | det | high | |
| 7 | βάρβαροι | βάρβαρος | NOUN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐκομίσθησαν | nsubj:pass | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 8 | μέχρι | μέχρι | ADP | _ | _ | 11 Σπερχειοῦ | case | high | Temporal limit. |
| 9 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 8 μέχρι | advmod | high | Correlative μέν anticipates contrast. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 Σπερχειοῦ | det | high | |
| 11 | Σπερχειοῦ | Σπερχειός | PROPN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐκομίσθησαν | obl | high | Genitive governed by μέχρι. |
| 12 | χαλεπῶς | χαλεπῶς | ADV | D-A | _ | 13 ἐκομίσθησαν | advmod | high | |
| 13 | ἐκομίσθησαν | κομίζω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Passive ‘were conveyed/transported’. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐκομίσθησαν | punct | high | |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 Αἰτωλῶν | det | high | |
| 16 | Αἰτωλῶν | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἐγκειμένων | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 17 | βιαίως | βιαίως | ADV | D-A | _ | 19 ἐγκειμένων | advmod | high | Forcefully, violently. |
| 18 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | RP-D3P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 19 ἐγκειμένων | iobj | medium | Reflexive/third-person pronoun; dative with ἐγκειμένων. |
| 19 | ἐγκειμένων | ἔγκειμαι | VERB | V-PNP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 13 ἐκομίσθησαν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute: ‘while the Aetolians pressed upon them violently’. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐκομίσθησαν | punct | high |
ὡς δὲ ἀφίκοντο ἐπὶ τὸν Σπερχειόν, οἱ ἐντεῦθεν ὑποκαθήμενοι Θεσσαλοὶ καὶ οἱ Μαλιεῖς ἐνεφορήθησαν οὕτω σφῶν ὡς μηδένα οἴκαδε ἀποσωθῆναι.
The sentence has a temporal ὡς-clause (1–6) and an οὕτω ὡς result construction; ὑποκαθήμενοι is shared by the coordinated ethnic subjects.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 3 ἀφίκοντο | mark | high | Temporal subordinator: ‘when’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἐνεφορήθησαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-3P-IAM-IND | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 15 ἐνεφορήθησαν | advcl | high | Aorist middle indicative, subject understood as the preceding group. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 Σπερχειόν | case | high | Takes accusative with motion toward. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Σπερχειόν | det | high | |
| 6 | Σπερχειόν | Σπερχειός | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀφίκοντο | obl | high | Accusative object of ἐπί. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ὑποκαθήμενοι | det | high | Article substantivally introducing the participial subject. |
| 9 | ἐντεῦθεν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | ADV | _ | 10 ὑποκαθήμενοι | advmod | high | Adverb, ‘from here/from this point’. |
| 10 | ὑποκαθήμενοι | ὑποκάθημαι | VERB | V-PMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 11 Θεσσαλοὶ | amod | medium | Present middle participle modifying Θεσσαλοί and Μαλιεῖς; coordinated ethnic subjects. |
| 11 | Θεσσαλοὶ | Θεσσαλός | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἐνεφορήθησαν | nsubj | high | First coordinated subject. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 Μαλιεῖς | cc | high | |
| 13 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 Μαλιεῖς | det | high | Article substantivally introducing the second ethnic noun. |
| 14 | Μαλιεῖς | Μαλιεύς | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Θεσσαλοὶ | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 15 | ἐνεφορήθησαν | ἐμφορέω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist passive: ‘were glutted/feasted upon’; lexical parsing of the compound is somewhat uncertain. |
| 16 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | ADV | _ | 15 ἐνεφορήθησαν | advmod | high | Degree/manner adverb, paired with ὡς. |
| 17 | σφῶν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 15 ἐνεφορήθησαν | nmod | medium | Partitive or possessive genitive: ‘of them/their [people]’. |
| 18 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 21 ἀποσωθῆναι | mark | high | Introduces the result clause after οὕτω. |
| 19 | μηδένα | μηδείς | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἀποσωθῆναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 20 | οἴκαδε | οἴκαδε | ADV | ADV | _ | 21 ἀποσωθῆναι | advmod | high | Directional adverb, ‘homeward/home’. |
| 21 | ἀποσωθῆναι | ἀποσῴζω | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 15 ἐνεφορήθησαν | advcl | high | Result infinitive with accusative subject. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐνεφορήθησαν | punct | high |