Grammar parses for passage 10.23.14
Open translation for this passage
ἐγένετο δὲ τῶν Κελτῶν στρατεία τε ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα καὶ ἡ ἀπώλεια Ἀναξικράτους Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος, δευτέρῳ δὲ ἔτει τῆς πέμπτης Ὀλυμπιάδος ἐπὶ εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατόν, ἣν Λάδας Αἰγιεὺς ἐνίκα στάδιον·
The sentence coordinates two events under ἐγένετο; the temporal phrase is an adjunct, and ἣν resumes Ὀλυμπιάδα as the relative object of ἐνίκα. Ἀθήνῃσιν is locative, while ἄρχοντος is a genitive absolute.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3SAMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐγένετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Κελτῶν | det | high | |
| 4 | Κελτῶν | Κελτός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 στρατεία | nmod | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 5 | στρατεία | στρατεία | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 στρατεία | cc | high | Coordinates στρατεία with ἀπώλεια. |
| 7 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 Ἑλλάδα | case | high | |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 στρατεία | obl | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἀπώλεια | cc | high | Coordinates the two nominative event subjects. |
| 11 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀπώλεια | det | high | |
| 12 | ἀπώλεια | ἀπώλεια | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 στρατεία | conj | high | |
| 13 | Ἀναξικράτους | Ἀναξικράτης | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀπώλεια | nmod | high | Personal name in the genitive. |
| 14 | Ἀθήνῃσιν | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N-DPF | Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ἄρχοντος | obl | medium | Ionic/epic locative dative plural form. |
| 15 | ἄρχοντος | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PAP-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἀπώλεια | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with an elided/understood subject, likely the archon. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἄρχοντος | punct | high | |
| 17 | δευτέρῳ | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἔτει | amod | high | Ordinal modifying ἔτει. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἔτει | cc | high | |
| 19 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Temporal dative. |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 Ὀλυμπιάδος | det | high | |
| 21 | πέμπτης | πέμπτος | ADJ | A-GFS | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 Ὀλυμπιάδος | amod | high | |
| 22 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἔτει | nmod | high | |
| 23 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 24 εἴκοσι | case | high | With the accusative numeral phrase. |
| 24 | εἴκοσι | εἴκοσι | NUM | M-NPF | Case=Acc|Number=Plur | 19 ἔτει | obl | medium | Numeral expression modifying/quantifying ἔτει; case is syntactically elliptical. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 ἑκατόν | cc | high | |
| 26 | ἑκατόν | ἑκατόν | NUM | M-N-S | Case=Acc|Number=Sing | 24 εἴκοσι | conj | high | Numeral coordinated with εἴκοσι. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 ἐνίκα | punct | high | |
| 28 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | P-RAF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 ἐνίκα | obj | high | Relative pronoun resumes Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 29 | Λάδας | Λάδας | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἐνίκα | nsubj | high | |
| 30 | Αἰγιεὺς | Αἰγιεύς | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 Λάδας | appos | high | Ethnic/demotic apposition to Λάδας. |
| 31 | ἐνίκα | νικάω | VERB | V3SIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 1 ἐγένετο | parataxis | high | Relative clause with omitted relative adverbial/eventual context. |
| 32 | στάδιον | στάδιον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 ἐνίκα | obj | high | Race event as object of ἐνίκα. |
| 33 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐγένετο | punct | high |
τῷ δὲ ἔτει τῷ ἐφεξῆς Δημοκλέους Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος, οἱ δὲ αὖθις ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν διαβαίνουσιν οἱ Κελτοί.
The opening dative phrase is a temporal frame: “in the following year, with Democles archon at Athens.” The first οἱ is an article substantivizing an understood/elliptical subject, while the second οἱ is the overt article with Κελτοί; διαβαίνουσιν is the root predicate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἔτει | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 διαβαίνουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 διαβαίνουσιν | obl | high | Temporal dative. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐφεξῆς | det | high | |
| 5 | ἐφεξῆς | ἐφεξῆς | ADJ | A-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἔτει | amod | medium | Substantivized/attributive adjective meaning ‘following’. |
| 6 | Δημοκλέους | Δημοκλῆς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἄρχοντος | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 7 | Ἀθήνῃσιν | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ἄρχοντος | obl | high | Locative/dative of place in the genitive absolute. |
| 8 | ἄρχοντος | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 διαβαίνουσιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἄρχοντος | punct | high | |
| 10 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 διαβαίνουσιν | nsubj | medium | Substantivized article; likely resumes an understood group before the explicit Κελτοί subject. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 διαβαίνουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 12 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | ADV | _ | 16 διαβαίνουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 15 Ἀσίαν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 Ἀσίαν | det | high | |
| 15 | Ἀσίαν | Ἀσία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 διαβαίνουσιν | obl | high | Goal complement of διαβαίνω. |
| 16 | διαβαίνουσιν | διαβαίνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 17 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 Κελτοί | det | high | |
| 18 | Κελτοί | Κελτός | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 διαβαίνουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 διαβαίνουσιν | punct | high |