Grammar parses for passage 10.23.14
Open translation for this passage
ἐγένετο δὲ τῶν Κελτῶν στρατεία τε ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα καὶ ἡ ἀπώλεια Ἀναξικράτους Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος, δευτέρῳ δὲ ἔτει τῆς πέμπτης Ὀλυμπιάδος ἐπὶ εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατόν, ἣν Λάδας Αἰγιεὺς ἐνίκα στάδιον·
The sentence contains two main clauses with ἐγένετο and a later relative clause; ἄρχοντος is treated as a genitive absolute, and the numeral phrase ἐπὶ εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατόν is attached as a temporal oblique.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-3AAI-M-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GP-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Κελτῶν | det | high | Article modifying Κελτῶν. |
| 4 | Κελτῶν | Κελτός | PROPN | N-GP-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 στρατεία | nmod | high | Dependent genitive with στρατεία. |
| 5 | στρατεία | στρατεία | NOUN | N-NS-F | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο. |
| 6 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 5 στρατεία | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 7 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 1 ἐγένετο | obl | medium | Introduces prepositional phrase depending on ἐγένετο. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | Article modifying Ἑλλάδα. |
| 9 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπὶ | obj | high | Object of ἐπί. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 ἀπώλεια | cc | high | Coordinates the two clauses/noun phrases. |
| 11 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀπώλεια | det | high | Article modifying ἀπώλεια. |
| 12 | ἀπώλεια | ἀπώλεια | NOUN | N-NS-F | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Second coordinated subject/predicate noun with ἐγένετο. |
| 13 | Ἀναξικράτους | Ἀναξικράτης | PROPN | N-GS-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀπώλεια | nmod | high | Dependent genitive with ἀπώλεια. |
| 14 | Ἀθήνῃσιν | Ἀθήναι | PROPN | N-DP-F | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ἄρχοντος | obl | medium | Dative of place/time with ἄρχοντος; form is locative-like. |
| 15 | ἄρχοντος | ἄρχων | VERB | PAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἀπώλεια | acl | high | Genitive absolute participle modifying the circumstance of ἀπώλεια. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | δευτέρῳ | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-DNS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἔτει | amod | high | Modifies ἔτει. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 19 ἔτει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 19 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | N-DS-N | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Temporal oblique phrase with ἐγένετο. |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 Ὀλυμπιάδος | det | high | Article modifying Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 21 | πέμπτης | πέμπτος | ADJ | A-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 Ὀλυμπιάδος | amod | high | Modifies Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 22 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἔτει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἔτει. |
| 23 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 26 ἑκατόν | case | medium | Preposition governing the numeral phrase. |
| 24 | εἴκοσι | εἴκοσι | NUM | M | NumType=Card | 26 ἑκατόν | conj | medium | Part of coordinated numeral expression. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 24 εἴκοσι | cc | high | Coordinates numerals. |
| 26 | ἑκατόν | ἑκατόν | NUM | M | NumType=Card | 19 ἔτει | obl | medium | Numeral phrase governed by ἐπὶ; attached as temporal measure. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 28 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | P-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 ἐνίκα | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Ὀλυμπιάς. |
| 29 | Λάδας | Λάδας | PROPN | N-NS-M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἐνίκα | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐνίκα. |
| 30 | Αἰγιεὺς | Αἰγιεύς | ADJ | A-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 Λάδας | amod | high | Ethnic adjective modifying Λάδας. |
| 31 | ἐνίκα | νικάω | VERB | V-3IAI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the relative clause. |
| 32 | στάδιον | στάδιον | NOUN | N-NS-N | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 ἐνίκα | obj | medium | Likely object meaning the stadion race; case may reflect appositional or predicate use in this wording. |
| 33 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 ἐνίκα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τῷ δὲ ἔτει τῷ ἐφεξῆς Δημοκλέους Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος, οἱ δὲ αὖθις ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν διαβαίνουσιν οἱ Κελτοί.
The clause with Δημοκλέους Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος is a genitive absolute providing temporal background for the main clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ἔτει | det | high | Article modifying ἔτει. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 οἱ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | N-S---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 διαβαίνουσιν | obl | high | Dative of time when, dependent on διαβαίνουσιν. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἐφεξῆς | det | high | Article modifying ἐφεξῆς. |
| 5 | ἐφεξῆς | ἐφεξῆς | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἔτει | amod | low | Adverbial/adjectival temporal modifier; parsed as agreeing modifier of ἔτει. |
| 6 | Δημοκλέους | Δημοκλέης | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἄρχοντος | nsubj | high | Subject of ἄρχοντος. |
| 7 | Ἀθήνῃσιν | Ἀθήνῃσι(ν) | PROPN | L-P---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ἄρχοντος | obl | medium | Locative/dative form meaning 'at Athens'; morphology is irregular. |
| 8 | ἄρχοντος | ἄρχων | VERB | PAP-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 διαβαίνουσιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 διαβαίνουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 Κελτοί | det | high | Article modifying Κελτοί. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 16 διαβαίνουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 12 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 διαβαίνουσιν | advmod | high | Adverb 'again/next'. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 Ἀσίαν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 Ἀσίαν | det | high | Article modifying Ἀσίαν. |
| 15 | Ἀσίαν | Ἀσία | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 διαβαίνουσιν | obl | high | Prepositional object of ἐς. |
| 16 | διαβαίνουσιν | διαβαίνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 17 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 Κελτοί | det | high | Article modifying Κελτοί. |
| 18 | Κελτοί | Κελτός | PROPN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 διαβαίνουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of διαβαίνουσιν. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 διαβαίνουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |