Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 10.23.2

← 10.23.1 10.23.3 →

Passage 10.23.2

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2sentences parsed

65Greek tokens

1,764input tokens

4,515output tokens

Sentence 1

10.23.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 37
Input: 937
Output: 2,507
Total: 3,444

καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐξέπληττόν τε τοὺς Κελτοὺς καὶ δέχεσθαι τοῖς ὠσὶ τὰ παραγγελλόμενα ἐκώλυον, τὰ δὲ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ οὐκ ἐς ὅντινα κατασκήψαι μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς πλησίον καὶ αὐτοὺς ὁμοίως καὶ τὰ ὅπλα ἐξῆπτε.

The sentence has a μέν–δέ contrast. The second clause is syntactically compressed: κατασκήψαι is treated as an infinitival complement of ἐξῆπτε, with coordinated accusative affected objects (ὅντινα, τοὺς πλησίον, αὐτούς, τὰ ὅπλα); the first finite verb ἐξέπληττον is coordinated with κώλυον.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	4 ἐξέπληττόν	cc	high
2	οἱ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 ἐξέπληττόν	det	high	Substantivized article, subject.
3	μὲν	μέν	PART	_	_	4 ἐξέπληττόν	discourse	high	Correlative μέν; counterpart is δέ.
4	ἐξέπληττόν	ἐκπλήσσω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Impf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
5	τε	τε	CCONJ	_	_	4 ἐξέπληττόν	cc	high
6	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 Κελτοὺς	det	high
7	Κελτοὺς	Κελτός	PROPN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 ἐξέπληττόν	obj	high
8	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	9 δέχεσθαι	cc	high	Coordinates the infinitival complement with the preceding verbal action.
9	δέχεσθαι	δέχομαι	VERB	_	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	14 ἐκώλυον	xcomp	high
10	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	11 ὠσὶ	det	high
11	ὠσὶ	οὖς	NOUN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	9 δέχεσθαι	obl	high	Dative of bodily part / means: receive with the ears.
12	τὰ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	13 παραγγελλόμενα	det	high
13	παραγγελλόμενα	παραγγέλλω	VERB	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	9 δέχεσθαι	obj	high	Substantivized present middle/passive participle.
14	ἐκώλυον	κωλύω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Impf\|Voice=Act	4 ἐξέπληττόν	conj	high	Second coordinated finite verb; takes infinitival complement.
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	14 ἐκώλυον	punct	high
16	τὰ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	36 ἐξῆπτε	nsubj	high	Substantivized article introducing the neuter plural subject.
17	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	_	_	36 ἐξῆπτε	cc	high	Correlative contrast with μέν.
18	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	_	_	20 οὐρανοῦ	case	high
19	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 οὐρανοῦ	det	high
20	οὐρανοῦ	οὐρανός	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	36 ἐξῆπτε	obl	high	Source phrase ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.
21	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	_	_	24 κατασκήψαι	advmod	high	Negates the infinitive κατασκήψαι.
22	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	_	_	23 ὅντινα	case	high
23	ὅντινα	ὅστις	PRON	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	24 κατασκήψαι	obl	medium	Indefinite-relative pronoun; destination/target of κατασκήψαι.
24	κατασκήψαι	κατασκήπτω	VERB	_	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	36 ἐξῆπτε	xcomp	medium	Infinitive coordinated semantically with the finite clause; construction is somewhat compressed.
25	μόνον	μόνος	ADV	_	Degree=Pos	24 κατασκήψαι	advmod	high	Adverbial accusative, ‘only’.
26	ἀλλὰ	ἀλλά	CCONJ	_	_	24 κατασκήψαι	cc	high	Introduces the not-only-but-also expansion.
27	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	28 τοὺς	cc	high
28	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	29 πλησίον	det	high
29	πλησίον	πλησίον	ADV	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 κατασκήψαι	obj	medium	Substantivized adjective/adverb, ‘those nearby’; morphology is lexically irregular.
30	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	31 αὐτοὺς	cc	high
31	αὐτοὺς	αὐτός	PRON	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	24 κατασκήψαι	obj	high	Coordinates another affected object.
32	ὁμοίως	ὁμοίως	ADV	_	Degree=Pos	24 κατασκήψαι	advmod	high	‘Likewise/equally’.
33	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	34 τὰ	cc	high
34	τὰ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	35 ὅπλα	det	high
35	ὅπλα	ὅπλον	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	24 κατασκήψαι	obj	high	Final coordinated object of κατασκήψαι.
36	ἐξῆπτε	ἐξάπτω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Impf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Main clause after δέ; relation to the preceding finite clause is discourse-level contrast, while the infinitive is syntactically compressed.
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	36 ἐξῆπτε	punct	high

Sentence 2

10.23.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 28
Input: 827
Output: 2,008
Total: 2,835

τά τε τῶν ἡρώων τηνικαῦτά σφισιν ἐφάνη φάσματα, ὁ Ὑπέροχος καὶ ὁ Λαόδοκός τε καὶ Πύρρος· οἱ δὲ καὶ τέταρτον Φύλακον ἐπιχώριον Δελφοῖς ἀπαριθμοῦσιν ἥρωα.

Two coordinated clauses: τά ... φάσματα is the neuter plural subject of ἐφάνη, with the following hero names in apposition; οἱ refers to the Delphians and ἥρωα is the object of ἀπαριθμοῦσιν. The phrase τῶν ἡρώων is a partitive/genitive specification; τηνικαῦτά is temporal adverbial.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τά	ὁ	DET	T-N--NA-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	8 φάσματα	det	high
2	τε	τε	CCONJ	C-	_	1 τά	cc	high	Correlates with τε at token 15.
3	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-G--P-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 ἡρώων	det	high
4	ἡρώων	ἥρως	NOUN	N-G-M-P	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 φάσματα	nmod	medium	Genitive of specification/partitive with the apparition phrase.
5	τηνικαῦτά	τηνικαῦτα	ADV	D--------	_	7 ἐφάνη	advmod	high
6	σφισιν	σφεῖς	PRON	P-3---MD-	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	7 ἐφάνη	iobj	medium	Dative of experiencer or appearance to them.
7	ἐφάνη	φαίνω	VERB	V-API-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	high	Impersonal/plural-neuter agreement is regular.
8	φάσματα	φάσμα	NOUN	N-NNP-A-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	7 ἐφάνη	nsubj	high
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	7 ἐφάνη	punct	high
10	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NMS-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 Ὑπέροχος	det	high
11	Ὑπέροχος	Ὑπέροχος	PROPN	N-NMS-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 φάσματα	appos	high	Hero name in apposition to φάσματα.
12	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-	_	11 Ὑπέροχος	cc	high
13	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NMS-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 Λαόδοκός	det	high
14	Λαόδοκός	Λαόδοκος	PROPN	N-NMS-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 Ὑπέροχος	conj	high	Coordinated appositional hero name.
15	τε	τε	CCONJ	C-	_	14 Λαόδοκός	cc	high	Part of the τε ... καὶ coordination.
16	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-	_	17 Πύρρος	cc	high
17	Πύρρος	Πύρρος	PROPN	N-NMS-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 Ὑπέροχος	conj	high	Coordinated appositional hero name.
18	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	7 ἐφάνη	punct	high
19	οἱ	ὁ	PRON	P-N---MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	26 ἀπαριθμοῦσιν	nsubj	medium	Substantival article, referring to the Delphians.
20	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C-	_	26 ἀπαριθμοῦσιν	cc	high
21	καὶ	καί	ADV	D--------	_	22 τέταρτον	advmod	high	Additive 'also' modifying τέταρτον.
22	τέταρτον	τέταρτος	ADJ	A-NNS-A-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	23 Φύλακον	amod	high	Neuter ordinal agreeing with omitted/implicit φάσμα or ἥρωα.
23	Φύλακον	Φύλακος	PROPN	N-AMS-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	27 ἥρωα	amod	medium	Proper name in the accusative naming the fourth hero; syntactically appositional to the object.
24	ἐπιχώριον	ἐπιχώριος	ADJ	A-AMS-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 Φύλακον	amod	high	Agrees with Φύλακον.
25	Δελφοῖς	Δελφοί	PROPN	N-DMP-	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur	26 ἀπαριθμοῦσιν	obl	high	Dative of reference: local to the Delphians.
26	ἀπαριθμοῦσιν	ἀπαριθμέω	VERB	V-PAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Second coordinated clause with an omitted conjunction after the punctuation.
27	ἥρωα	ἥρως	NOUN	N-AMS-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	26 ἀπαριθμοῦσιν	obj	high	Object of ἀπαριθμοῦσιν; Φύλακον is its identifying apposition/name.
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	26 ἀπαριθμοῦσιν	punct	high

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