Grammar parses for passage 10.23.3
Open translation for this passage
ἀπέθανον δὲ καὶ αὐτῶν παρὰ τὸ ἔργον τῶν Φωκέων ἄλλοι τε ἀριθμὸν πολλοὶ καὶ Ἀλεξίμαχος, ὃς ἐν τῇ μάχῃ ταύτῃ μάλιστα Ἑλλήνων ἡλικίας τε τῷ ἀκμάζοντι καὶ ἰσχύι σώματος καὶ τῷ ἐρρωμένῳ τοῦ θυμοῦ κατεχρήσατο ἐς τῶν βαρβάρων τὸν φόνον·
The syntax is partly appositional and cumulative: the subject list (ἄλλοι... καὶ Ἀλεξίμαχος) is followed by a relative clause with a coordinated series of datives describing the respects in which Ἀλεξίμαχος excelled.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπέθανον | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-AIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἀπέθανον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 αὐτῶν | cc | medium | Likely coordinates αὐτῶν with an implied element; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3np--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 1 ἀπέθανον | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of the phrase around παρὰ τὸ ἔργον; exact attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 5 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 7 ἔργον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Ra-nsa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ἔργον | det | high | Article modifying ἔργον. |
| 7 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἀπέθανον | obl | high | Object of παρὰ. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Ra-pg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Φωκέων | det | high | Article modifying Φωκέων. |
| 9 | Φωκέων | Φωκεύς | PROPN | Np-pgmn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἔργον | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἔργον. |
| 10 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀπέθανον | nsubj | high | Part of the plural subject. |
| 11 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 10 ἄλλοι | cc | high | Enclitic connective with ἄλλοι. |
| 12 | ἀριθμὸν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πολλοὶ | nmod | medium | Likely adverbial accusative, 'in number'. |
| 13 | πολλοὶ | πολύς | ADJ | A-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἄλλοι | amod | high | Modifier of ἄλλοι. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 Ἀλεξίμαχος | cc | high | Coordinates the proper name with the previous subject phrase. |
| 15 | Ἀλεξίμαχος | Ἀλεξίμαχος | PROPN | Np-smn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀπέθανον | nsubj | high | Co-subject of ἀπέθανον. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 Ἀλεξίμαχος | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 17 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | Pp-smn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 15 Ἀλεξίμαχος | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun introducing a clause about Ἀλεξίμαχος. |
| 18 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 20 μάχῃ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 19 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | Ra-sdf- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 μάχῃ | det | high | Article modifying μάχῃ. |
| 20 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 κατεχρήσατο | obl | high | Temporal/local dative phrase with ἐν. |
| 21 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | DET | Pd-sdf- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 20 μάχῃ | det | high | Demonstrative modifying μάχῃ. |
| 22 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D | _ | 36 κατεχρήσατο | advmod | high | Modifies κατεχρήσατο. |
| 23 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | Np-pgmn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἡλικίας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἡλικίας. |
| 24 | ἡλικίας | ἡλικία | NOUN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 κατεχρήσατο | obj | medium | Part of a series of datives/genitives with the verb; exact syntactic role is somewhat uncertain. |
| 25 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 24 ἡλικίας | cc | high | Connective in coordination. |
| 26 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Ra-snd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 ἀκμάζοντι | det | high | Article modifying ἀκμάζοντι. |
| 27 | ἀκμάζοντι | ἀκμάζω | VERB | V-PAP-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 36 κατεχρήσατο | obj | medium | Participial substantive in dative; likely coordinated with ἡλικίας and ἰσχύι. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 29 ἰσχύι | cc | high | Coordinates dative series. |
| 29 | ἰσχύι | ἰσχύς | NOUN | N-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 κατεχρήσατο | obj | medium | Dative in the coordinated series. |
| 30 | σώματος | σῶμα | NOUN | N-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 ἰσχύι | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἰσχύι. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 32 τῷ | cc | high | Coordinates the final dative phrase. |
| 32 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Ra-snd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 33 ἐρρωμένῳ | det | high | Article modifying ἐρρωμένῳ. |
| 33 | ἐρρωμένῳ | ἔρρωμαι | VERB | V-PRP-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 36 κατεχρήσατο | obj | medium | Perfect participle used substantively; coordinated with preceding datives. |
| 34 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Ra-sng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 35 θυμοῦ | det | high | Article modifying θυμοῦ. |
| 35 | θυμοῦ | θυμός | NOUN | N-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 33 ἐρρωμένῳ | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἐρρωμένῳ. |
| 36 | κατεχρήσατο | καταχράομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 17 ὃς | acl:relcl | high | Main verb of the relative clause. |
| 37 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 41 φόνον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 38 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Ra-pgm- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 39 βαρβάρων | det | high | Article modifying βαρβάρων. |
| 39 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | NOUN | N-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 41 φόνον | nmod | high | Genitive with τὸν φόνον? likely partitive/possessive with φόνον or governed by εἰς phrase; attachment uncertain. |
| 40 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Ra-sma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 41 φόνον | det | high | Article modifying φόνον. |
| 41 | φόνον | φόνος | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 κατεχρήσατο | obl | high | Prepositional object of ἐς. |
| 42 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 36 κατεχρήσατο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |