Grammar parses for passage 10.23.4
Open translation for this passage
τοιούτοις μὲν οἱ βάρβαροι παρὰ πᾶσαν τὴν ἡμέραν παθήμασί τε καὶ ἐκπλήξει συνείχοντο· τὰ δὲ ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ πολλῷ σφᾶς ἔμελλεν ἀλγεινότερα ἐπιλήψεσθαι.
The second clause is a μέλλω + future infinitive construction; τὰ ἀλγεινότερα is substantivized neuter plural, with σφᾶς as accusative infinitive subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοιούτοις | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | A-||||DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 συνείχοντο | obl | high | Dative of means/circumstance. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 13 συνείχοντο | discourse | high | Correlative μέν, opposed to δέ. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 βάρβαροι | det | high | |
| 4 | βάρβαροι | βάρβαρος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 συνείχοντο | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 5 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | _ | 8 ἡμέραν | case | high | With accusative, ‘throughout’. |
| 6 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἡμέραν | amod | high | |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἡμέραν | det | high | |
| 8 | ἡμέραν | ἡμέρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 συνείχοντο | obl | high | Temporal extent. |
| 9 | παθήμασί | πάθημα | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 συνείχοντο | obl | high | Dative of means. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 9 παθήμασί | cc | high | Coordinates παθήμασι and ἐκπλήξει. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 12 ἐκπλήξει | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἐκπλήξει | ἔκπληξις | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 παθήμασί | conj | high | Coordinated dative of means. |
| 13 | συνείχοντο | συνέχω | VERB | V-IPI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | ‘They were held/afflicted.’ |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 συνείχοντο | punct | high | |
| 15 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 ἀλγεινότερα | det | high | Article with substantivized neuter plural adjective. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 22 ἔμελλεν | cc | high | Adversative transition. |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 19 νυκτὶ | case | high | |
| 18 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 νυκτὶ | det | high | |
| 19 | νυκτὶ | νύξ | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἔμελλεν | obl | high | Temporal setting. |
| 20 | πολλῷ | πολύς | ADV | A-DSN | Degree=Pos | 23 ἀλγεινότερα | advmod | medium | Neuter dative adverbial, ‘by much/far’; formally from πολύς. |
| 21 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 24 ἐπιλήψεσθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 22 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 13 συνείχοντο | parataxis | high | Impersonal/raising construction with infinitive. |
| 23 | ἀλγεινότερα | ἀλγεινός | ADJ | A-NPN-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 ἐπιλήψεσθαι | xcomp | high | Comparative predicate adjective, agreeing with τὰ. |
| 24 | ἐπιλήψεσθαι | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | V-FMI | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 22 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Future middle infinitive governed by ἔμελλεν. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἔμελλεν | punct | high |
ῥῖγός τε γὰρ ἰσχυρὸν καὶ νιφετὸς ἦν ὁμοῦ τῷ ῥίγει, πέτραι τε ἀπολισθάνουσαι τοῦ Παρνασσοῦ μεγάλαι τε καὶ κρημνοὶ καταρρηγνύμενοι σκοπὸν τοὺς βαρβάρους εἶχον, καὶ αὐτοῖς οὐ κατὰ ἕνα ἢ δύο ἀλλὰ κατὰ τριάκοντα καὶ ἔτι πλείοσιν, ὡς ἕκαστοι ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ φρουροῦντες ἢ καὶ ἀναπαυόμενοι τύχοιεν, ἀθρόοις ἡ ἀπώλεια ἐγένετο ὑπὸ τῆς ἐμβολῆς τῶν κρημνῶν.
The sentence is coordinated and highly compressed: ἦν and εἶχον are coordinated with the final ἐγένετο, while the ὡς-clause with optative τύχοιεν describes the varying circumstances of the guards.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ῥῖγός | ῥῖγος | NOUN | n-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 1 ῥῖγός | cc | high | |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | d-------- | _ | 7 ἦν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἰσχυρὸν | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | a-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ῥῖγός | amod | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 6 νιφετὸς | cc | high | |
| 6 | νιφετὸς | νιφετός | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | nsubj | high | Coordinated nominative subject; masculine form. |
| 7 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 55 ἐγένετο | parataxis | medium | Imperfect of εἰμί; coordinated explanatory clause. |
| 8 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | d-------- | _ | 7 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ῥίγει | det | high | |
| 10 | ῥίγει | ῥῖγος | NOUN | n-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ὁμοῦ | obl | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 12 | πέτραι | πέτρα | NOUN | n-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 25 εἶχον | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 12 πέτραι | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἀπολισθάνουσαι | ἀπολισθάνω | VERB | v-papafn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 πέτραι | acl | high | |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Παρνασσοῦ | det | high | |
| 16 | Παρνασσοῦ | Παρνασσός | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀπολισθάνουσαι | obl | high | |
| 17 | μεγάλαι | μέγας | ADJ | a-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 πέτραι | conj | high | Predicative/coordinated adjective describing πέτραι. |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 17 μεγάλαι | cc | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 20 κρημνοὶ | cc | high | |
| 20 | κρημνοὶ | κρημνός | NOUN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 εἶχον | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | καταρρηγνύμενοι | καταρρήγνυμι | VERB | v-pmppmn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 20 κρημνοὶ | acl | high | |
| 22 | σκοπὸν | σκοπός | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 εἶχον | obj | high | |
| 23 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | l-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 βαρβάρους | det | high | |
| 24 | βαρβάρους | βάρβαρος | NOUN | n-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 σκοπὸν | nmod | high | Genitival/appositional sense: σκοπὸν τοὺς βαρβάρους, 'the barbarians as the object/aim'. |
| 25 | εἶχον | ἔχω | VERB | v3piia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 55 ἐγένετο | conj | high | |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 εἶχον | punct | high | |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 55 ἐγένετο | cc | high | |
| 28 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | p-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 54 ἀπώλεια | iobj | medium | Dative of disadvantage/reference, 'for them'. |
| 29 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | d-------- | _ | 55 ἐγένετο | advmod | high | |
| 30 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | r-------- | _ | 31 ἕνα | case | high | |
| 31 | ἕνα | εἷς | NUM | a-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 55 ἐγένετο | obl | high | |
| 32 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 33 δύο | cc | high | |
| 33 | δύο | δύο | NUM | a-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 ἕνα | conj | high | Coordinated numeral in κατὰ ἕνα ἢ δύο. |
| 34 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 36 τριάκοντα | cc | high | |
| 35 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | r-------- | _ | 36 τριάκοντα | case | high | |
| 36 | τριάκοντα | τριάκοντα | NUM | a-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 55 ἐγένετο | obl | high | |
| 37 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 39 πλείοσιν | cc | high | |
| 38 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | d-------- | _ | 39 πλείοσιν | advmod | high | |
| 39 | πλείοσιν | πολύς | ADJ | a-p---md- | Case=Dat|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 55 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Dative with implicit κατά phrase, 'and even more'. |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 55 ἐγένετο | punct | high | |
| 41 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | c-------- | _ | 50 τύχοιεν | mark | high | |
| 42 | ἕκαστοι | ἕκαστος | PRON | p-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 50 τύχοιεν | nsubj | high | |
| 43 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | r-------- | _ | 45 αὐτῷ | case | high | |
| 44 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 45 αὐτῷ | det | high | |
| 45 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 50 τύχοιεν | obl | high | Substantivized/elliptical: 'in the same [place]'. |
| 46 | φρουροῦντες | φρουρέω | VERB | v-papamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 50 τύχοιεν | advcl | high | |
| 47 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 49 ἀναπαυόμενοι | cc | high | |
| 48 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 49 ἀναπαυόμενοι | cc | high | |
| 49 | ἀναπαυόμενοι | ἀναπαύομαι | VERB | v-pmppmν- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 46 φρουροῦντες | conj | high | |
| 50 | τύχοιεν | τυγχάνω | VERB | v3paao--- | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 55 ἐγένετο | advcl | medium | Optative in ὡς-clause; modal/iterative nuance. |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 50 τύχοιεν | punct | high | |
| 52 | ἀθρόοις | ἀθρόος | ADJ | a-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 54 ἀπώλεια | obl | medium | Predicative dative, agreeing with implicit victims; syntax compressed. |
| 53 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 54 ἀπώλεια | det | high | |
| 54 | ἀπώλεια | ἀπώλεια | NOUN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 55 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | |
| 55 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | v3saim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 56 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | r-------- | _ | 58 ἐμβολῆς | case | high | |
| 57 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 58 ἐμβολῆς | det | high | |
| 58 | ἐμβολῆς | ἐμβολή | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 55 ἐγένετο | obl:agent | high | |
| 59 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 60 κρημνῶν | det | high | |
| 60 | κρημνῶν | κρημνός | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 58 ἐμβολῆς | nmod | high | |
| 61 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 55 ἐγένετο | punct | high |