Grammar parses for passage 10.23.5
Open translation for this passage
ἅμα δὲ τῷ ἡλίῳ ἀνίσχοντι οἱ Ἕλληνες ἐπῄεσάν σφισιν ἐκ τῶν Δελφῶν, οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι τὴν ἐπὶ τὸ στράτευμα εὐθεῖαν, οἱ Φωκεῖς δὲ ἅτε καὶ μᾶλλον ἔχοντες τῶν χωρίων ἐμπείρως κατέβησάν τε διὰ τῆς χιόνος κατὰ τὰ ἀπότομα τοῦ Παρνασσοῦ καὶ ἔλαθον κατὰ νώτου γενόμενοι τοῖς Κελτοῖς, ἠκόντιζόν τε ἐς αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐτόξευον σὺν οὐδενὶ ἀπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων δείματι.
The sentence has a temporal dative absolute (3–5), a main subject and verb (6–9), then coordinated appositional/grouped subjects: the other Greeks take the direct route, while the Phocians descend and attack from the rear. The participle γενόμενοι is circumstantial with the Phocians; ἔλαθον means ‘escaped notice/managed unnoticed’ with κατά νώτου γενόμενοι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | ADV | _ | 5 ἀνίσχοντι | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἐπῄεσάν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἡλίῳ | det | high | |
| 4 | ἡλίῳ | ἥλιος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνίσχοντι | nsubj | high | Dative-absolute subject. |
| 5 | ἀνίσχοντι | ἀνέχω | VERB | V-PAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἐπῄεσάν | advcl | high | Dative-absolute participle. |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Ἕλληνες | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἕλληνες | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπῄεσάν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 8 | ἐπῄεσάν | ἔπειμι | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3PD | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 8 ἐπῄεσάν | obl | high | Dative of hostile direction/against them. |
| 10 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 Δελφῶν | case | high | |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 Δελφῶν | det | high | |
| 12 | Δελφῶν | Δελφοί | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπῄεσάν | obl | high | Place name in plural form. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 8 ἐπῄεσάν | punct | high | |
| 14 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἄλλοι | det | high | |
| 15 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 16 ἄλλοι | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with δέ at token 25. |
| 16 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπῄεσάν | conj | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated subgroup of Greeks. |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 εὐθεῖαν | det | high | |
| 18 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 στράτευμα | case | high | With accusative. |
| 19 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 στράτευμα | det | high | |
| 20 | στράτευμα | στράτευμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 εὐθεῖαν | obl | high | Object of ἐπί within the route phrase. |
| 21 | εὐθεῖαν | εὐθύς | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἄλλοι | obj | medium | Substantivized adjective, ‘the straight/direct route’; exact ellipsis is implicit. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 16 ἄλλοι | punct | high | |
| 23 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 Φωκεῖς | det | high | |
| 24 | Φωκεῖς | Φωκεύς | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 κατέβησάν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used as a group noun. |
| 25 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 Φωκεῖς | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν at token 15. |
| 26 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 29 ἔχοντες | mark | high | Introduces causal/explanatory participial clause. |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 μᾶλλον | advmod | high | Scalar adverbial ‘even/moreover’. |
| 28 | μᾶλλον | μάλα | ADV | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 29 ἔχοντες | advmod | high | Comparative adverb. |
| 29 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 33 κατέβησάν | advcl | high | Causal participle with Phocians; object/genitive relation is elliptical or textually compressed. |
| 30 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 31 χωρίων | det | high | |
| 31 | χωρίων | χωρίον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 ἔχοντες | obj | medium | Genitive with ἔχοντες, likely ‘more familiar with the places’; construction compressed. |
| 32 | ἐμπείρως | ἔμπειρος | ADV | ADV | _ | 29 ἔχοντες | advmod | high | Adverb ‘with experience/knowledgeably’. |
| 33 | κατέβησάν | καταβαίνω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 ἐπῄεσάν | conj | high | First coordinated finite verb for the Phocians. |
| 34 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 33 κατέβησάν | cc | high | |
| 35 | διὰ | διά | ADP | PREP | _ | 37 χιόνος | case | high | With genitive, ‘through’. |
| 36 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 χιόνος | det | high | |
| 37 | χιόνος | χιών | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 κατέβησάν | obl | high | |
| 38 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 40 ἀπότομα | case | high | With accusative. |
| 39 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 40 ἀπότομα | det | high | |
| 40 | ἀπότομα | ἀπότομος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 33 κατέβησάν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘steep places/slopes’. |
| 41 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 42 Παρνασσοῦ | det | high | |
| 42 | Παρνασσοῦ | Παρνασσός | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 40 ἀπότομα | nmod | high | |
| 43 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 44 ἔλαθον | cc | high | |
| 44 | ἔλαθον | λανθάνω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 33 κατέβησάν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb, ‘went unnoticed/managed secretly’. |
| 45 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 46 νώτου | case | high | With genitive in the expression κατά νώτου. |
| 46 | νώτου | νῶτον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 47 γενόμενοι | obl | high | Idiomatic ‘in the rear/back’. |
| 47 | γενόμενοι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 44 ἔλαθον | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, ‘having got into the rear’. |
| 48 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 49 Κελτοῖς | det | high | |
| 49 | Κελτοῖς | Κελτοί | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 47 γενόμενοι | obl | high | Dative of position/reference, ‘behind the Celts’. |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 44 ἔλαθον | punct | high | |
| 51 | ἠκόντιζόν | ἀκοντίζω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 ἐπῄεσάν | conj | high | Further coordinated action of the Phocians. |
| 52 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 51 ἠκόντιζόν | cc | high | |
| 53 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 54 αὐτοὺς | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 54 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 51 ἠκόντιζόν | obl | high | Refers to the Celts. |
| 55 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 56 ἐτόξευον | cc | high | |
| 56 | ἐτόξευον | τοξεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 51 ἠκόντιζόν | conj | high | |
| 57 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | PREP | _ | 62 δείματι | case | high | With dative. |
| 58 | οὐδενὶ | οὐδείς | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 62 δείματι | det | medium | Adjectival pronoun modifying δείματι. |
| 59 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 61 βαρβάρων | case | high | With genitive, ‘from/on the part of’. |
| 60 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 61 βαρβάρων | det | high | |
| 61 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 62 δείματι | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the barbarians’. |
| 62 | δείματι | δεῖμα | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 51 ἠκόντιζόν | obl | high | Dative complement of σύν, ‘with no fear of the barbarians’. |
| 63 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 8 ἐπῄεσάν | punct | high |