Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 10.23.6

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Passage 10.23.6

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2sentences parsed

88Greek tokens

1,990input tokens

6,069output tokens

Sentence 1

10.23.6 sentence 1

Tokens: 50
Input: 1,011
Output: 3,203
Total: 4,214

οἱ δὲ ἀρχομένης μὲν τῆς μάχης, καὶ μάλιστα οἱ περὶ τὸν Βρέννον ---οὗτοι δὲ μήκιστοί τε ἦσαν καὶ ἀλκιμώτατοι τῶν Γαλατῶν---τότε μὲν ὑπὸ προθυμίας ἔτι ἀντεῖχον βαλλόμενοί τε πανταχόθεν καὶ οὐχ ἧσσον ὑπὸ τοῦ ῥίγους, μάλιστα οἱ τραυματίαι, ταλαιπωροῦντες·

The parenthetical οὗτοι ... ἦσαν ... ἀλκιμώτατοι interrupts the main clause; the final ταλαιπωροῦντες is best treated as a supplementary participle with τραυματίαι as its explicit subject.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οἱ	ὁ	DET	Art-NMP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	34 ἀντεῖχον	nsubj	medium	Substantivized article, subject of ἀντεῖχον.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	34 ἀντεῖχον	cc	high
3	ἀρχομένης	ἄρχομαι	VERB	V-PMP-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	6 μάχης	acl	high	Genitive absolute participle.
4	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	3 ἀρχομένης	advmod	high
5	τῆς	ὁ	DET	Art-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 μάχης	det	high
6	μάχης	μάχη	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	34 ἀντεῖχον	advcl	high	Genitive absolute construction headed by ἀρχομένης.
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	34 ἀντεῖχον	punct	high
8	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	10 οἱ	cc	high
9	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	ADV	_	10 οἱ	advmod	high	Focus adverb modifying the following subject phrase.
10	οἱ	ὁ	DET	Art-NMP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	34 ἀντεῖχον	nsubj	medium	Substantivized article, coordinated/emphatic subject.
11	περὶ	περί	ADP	PREP	_	13 Βρέννον	case	high
12	τὸν	ὁ	DET	Art-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 Βρέννον	det	high
13	Βρέννον	Βρέννος	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 οἱ	nmod	high	περὶ + accusative identifies the group around Brennus.
14	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 οὗτοι	punct	high
15	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 οὗτοι	punct	high
16	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 οὗτοι	punct	high
17	οὗτοι	οὗτος	PRON	D-NMP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 ἦσαν	nsubj	high	Resumptive subject of ἦσαν.
18	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	21 ἦσαν	cc	high
19	μήκιστοί	μήκιστος	ADJ	A-NMP-SUP	Case=Nom\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 ἦσαν	xcomp	high	Predicative superlative adjective.
20	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	23 ἀλκιμώτατοι	cc	high	First member of τε ... καί coordination.
21	ἦσαν	εἰμί	AUX	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	34 ἀντεῖχον	parataxis	high	Copular clause parenthetically inserted.
22	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	23 ἀλκιμώτατοι	cc	high	Second coordinator; paired with τε.
23	ἀλκιμώτατοι	ἀλκίμος	ADJ	A-NMP-SUP	Case=Nom\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 ἦσαν	xcomp	high	Second predicative superlative.
24	τῶν	ὁ	DET	Art-GMP	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	25 Γαλατῶν	det	high
25	Γαλατῶν	Γαλάτης	PROPN	N-GMP	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	19 μήκιστοί	nmod	high	Partitive/standard genitive with the superlative.
26	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 οὗτοι	punct	high
27	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 οὗτοι	punct	high
28	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 οὗτοι	punct	high
29	τότε	τότε	ADV	ADV	_	34 ἀντεῖχον	advmod	high
30	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	34 ἀντεῖχον	advmod	high	Correlative μέν, with later contrast implicit.
31	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	PREP	_	32 προθυμίας	case	high
32	προθυμίας	προθυμία	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	34 ἀντεῖχον	obl	high	Cause/source phrase: under the influence of eagerness.
33	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	ADV	_	34 ἀντεῖχον	advmod	high
34	ἀντεῖχον	ἀντέχω	VERB	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
35	βαλλόμενοί	βάλλω	VERB	V-PMP-NMP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	34 ἀντεῖχον	advcl	high	Circumstantial passive participle.
36	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	35 βαλλόμενοί	cc	high
37	πανταχόθεν	πανταχόθεν	ADV	ADV	_	35 βαλλόμενοί	advmod	high
38	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CCONJ	_	40 ἧσσον	cc	high	Coordinates the two sources of affliction.
39	οὐχ	οὐ	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	40 ἧσσον	advmod	high
40	ἧσσον	ἧσσον	ADV	ADV-CMP	Degree=Cmp	35 βαλλόμενοί	advmod	high	Comparative adverb: no less.
41	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	PREP	_	43 ῥίγους	case	high
42	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	Art-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	43 ῥίγους	det	high
43	ῥίγους	ῥῖγος	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	35 βαλλόμενοί	obl	high	Second agent/cause phrase coordinated with ὑπὸ προθυμίας.
44	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	49 ταλαιπωροῦντες	punct	high
45	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	ADV	_	49 ταλαιπωροῦντες	advmod	high	Especially modifies ταλαιπωροῦντες.
46	οἱ	ὁ	DET	Art-NMP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	47 τραυματίαι	det	high
47	τραυματίαι	τραυματίας	NOUN	N-NMP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	49 ταλαιπωροῦντες	nsubj	high	Subject of ταλαιπωροῦντες.
48	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	49 ταλαιπωροῦντες	punct	high
49	ταλαιπωροῦντες	ταλαιπωρέω	VERB	V-PAP-NMP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	34 ἀντεῖχον	advcl	medium	Supplementary/circumstantial participle; subject οἱ τραυματίαι, or possibly loose continuation of the main subject.
50	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	34 ἀντεῖχον	punct	high

Sentence 2

10.23.6 sentence 2

Tokens: 38
Input: 979
Output: 2,866
Total: 3,845

ὡς δὲ καὶ ὁ Βρέννος ἔλαβε τραύματα, ἐκεῖνον μὲν λιποψυχήσαντα ἐκκομίζουσιν ἐκ τῆς μάχης, οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι πανταχόθεν σφίσιν ἐγκειμένων τῶν Ἑλλήνων ὑπέφευγόν τε ἄκοντες καὶ ἑαυτῶν τοὺς ἀδυνάτους διὰ τραύματα ἕπεσθαι καὶ ἀρρωστίαν φονεύουσιν.

Two coordinated clauses: temporal ὡς-clause; ἐκεῖνον λιποψυχήσαντα is an accusative participial supplement/object-like construction with ἐκκομίζουσιν. In the second clause, genitive absolute πανταχόθεν σφίσιν ἐγκειμένων τῶν Ἑλλήνων is concessive/circumstantial; ὑπέφευγον coordinates with φονεύουσιν, while ἄκοντες is predicative and ἑαυτῶν τοὺς ἀδυνάτους is the object of φονεύουσιν. The exact attachment of σφίσιν is somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	PronType=Rel	6 ἔλαβε	mark	high	Temporal subordinating conjunction.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 ἔλαβε	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 ἔλαβε	advmod	medium	Adverbial καί, ‘also/even’.
4	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 Βρέννος	det	high
5	Βρέννος	Βρέννος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 ἔλαβε	nsubj	high	Personal name.
6	ἔλαβε	λαμβάνω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	12 ἐκκομίζουσιν	advcl	high	Finite verb of the ὡς-clause.
7	τραύματα	τραῦμα	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	6 ἔλαβε	obj	high
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἔλαβε	punct	high
9	ἐκεῖνον	ἐκεῖνος	PRON	RD-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	12 ἐκκομίζουσιν	obj	high	Accusative subject/object-like participant of the participial construction.
10	μὲν	μέν	PART	X	_	12 ἐκκομίζουσιν	discourse	high	Correlative μέν with later δέ.
11	λιποψυχήσαντα	λιποψυχέω	VERB	V-AAP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	9 ἐκεῖνον	acl	medium	Accusative aorist participle agreeing with ἐκεῖνον.
12	ἐκκομίζουσιν	ἐκκομίζω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Aspect=Imp\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main predicate; subject is understood/implicit.
13	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	P	_	15 μάχης	case	high
14	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	15 μάχης	det	high
15	μάχης	μάχη	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 ἐκκομίζουσιν	obl	high
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	12 ἐκκομίζουσιν	punct	high
17	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	19 βάρβαροι	det	high
18	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	25 ὑπέφευγόν	cc	high	Correlative μέν–δέ.
19	βάρβαροι	βάρβαρος	NOUN	A-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	25 ὑπέφευγόν	nsubj	high	Substantivized adjective.
20	πανταχόθεν	πανταχόθεν	ADV	D	_	22 ἐγκειμένων	advmod	high
21	σφίσιν	σφεῖς	PRON	RP-DPM	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs\|Reflex=Yes	22 ἐγκειμένων	obl	low	Dative reflexive pronoun; attachment/semantic role is uncertain.
22	ἐγκειμένων	ἔγκειμαι	VERB	V-PMP-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	25 ὑπέφευγόν	advcl	medium	Genitive absolute participle, with τῶν Ἑλλήνων.
23	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	24 Ἑλλήνων	det	high
24	Ἑλλήνων	Ἕλλην	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 ἐγκειμένων	nsubj	high	Subject of the genitive absolute.
25	ὑπέφευγόν	ὑποφεύγω	VERB	V-IAI-3P	Aspect=Imp\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	First coordinated predicate; coordination with φονεύουσιν is syntactically compressed.
26	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	25 ὑπέφευγόν	cc	high	Postpositive coordinator.
27	ἄκοντες	ἄκων	ADJ	A-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	25 ὑπέφευγόν	xcomp	medium	Predicative adjective, ‘unwillingly’; could alternatively be treated as an adverbial modifier.
28	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	37 φονεύουσιν	cc	high	Coordinates the second predicate.
29	ἑαυτῶν	ἑαυτοῦ	PRON	RP-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs\|Reflex=Yes	31 ἀδυνάτους	nmod:poss	high	Reflexive possessive genitive, ‘of their own’.
30	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	31 ἀδυνάτους	det	high
31	ἀδυνάτους	ἀδύνατος	ADJ	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	37 φονεύουσιν	obj	high	Substantivized adjective.
32	διὰ	διά	ADP	P	_	33 τραύματα	case	high	With accusative, expressing cause.
33	τραύματα	τραῦμα	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	37 φονεύουσιν	obl	high	Cause of incapacity/death.
34	ἕπεσθαι	ἕπομαι	VERB	V-PMN	Aspect=Imp\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	31 ἀδυνάτους	acl	medium	Infinitive dependent on ἀδυνάτους: unable to follow.
35	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	36 ἀρρωστίαν	cc	high	Coordinates causes.
36	ἀρρωστίαν	ἀρρωστία	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	37 φονεύουσιν	obl	high	Second cause coordinated with τραύματα.
37	φονεύουσιν	φονεύω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Aspect=Imp\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	25 ὑπέφευγόν	conj	medium	Coordinated predicate; tense differs from ὑπέφευγον in the transmitted text.
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	25 ὑπέφευγόν	punct	high

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