Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 10.23.7

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Passage 10.23.7

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3sentences parsed

58Greek tokens

2,240input tokens

4,206output tokens

Sentence 2

10.23.7 sentence 2

Tokens: 11
Input: 662
Output: 826
Total: 1,488

τὰ γὰρ ἀπὸ αἰτίας οὐδεμιᾶς δείματα ἐκ τούτου φασὶ γίνεσθαι.

The syntax is straightforward overall, but δείματα is somewhat difficult to attach cleanly; it is treated as the infinitival subject of γίνεσθαι.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	6 δείματα	det	high	Article modifying δείματα.
2	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	G	_	6 δείματα	discourse	high	Postpositive explanatory particle.
3	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	R	_	4 αἰτίας	case	high	Preposition governing αἰτίας.
4	αἰτίας	αἰτία	NOUN	N-APF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 δείματα	nmod	high	Prepositional modifier of δείματα.
5	οὐδεμιᾶς	οὐδείς	DET	A-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	4 αἰτίας	det	high	Attributive modifier of αἰτίας.
6	δείματα	δείμα	NOUN	N-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	10 γίνεσθαι	nsubj:xsubj	medium	Likely subject of γίνεσθαι with accusative/cognate-like fronting; syntax somewhat loose.
7	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	R	_	8 τούτου	case	high	Preposition governing τούτου.
8	τούτου	οὗτος	PRON	Pd-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	9 φασὶ	obl	high	Prepositional phrase dependent on φασὶ.
9	φασὶ	φημί	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of the clause.
10	γίνεσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-PNM	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	9 φασὶ	xcomp	high	Complement infinitive of φασὶ.
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	9 φασὶ	punct	high	Sentence punctuation.

Sentence 3

10.23.7 sentence 3

Tokens: 36
Input: 926
Output: 2,605
Total: 3,531

ἐνέπεσε μὲν ἐς τὸ στράτευμα ἡ ταραχὴ περὶ βαθεῖαν τὴν ἑσπέραν, καὶ ὀλίγοι τὸ κατʼ ἀρχὰς ἐγένοντο οἱ παραχθέντες ἐκ τοῦ νοῦ, ἐδόξαζόν τε οὗτοι κτύπου τε ἐπελαυνομένων ἵππων καὶ ἐφόδου πολεμίων αἰσθάνεσθαι ·

The sentence uses a participial chain with several coordinated clauses; the hardest points are the attachment of ὀλίγοι τὸ κατʼ ἀρχάς and the genitive phrase κτύπου ... ἐφόδου πολεμίων with αἰσθάνεσθαι.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐνέπεσε	ἐμπίπτω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	7 ταραχὴ	advcl	high	Main finite verb introducing the clause.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	_	_	1 ἐνέπεσε	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
3	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	_	_	5 στράτευμα	case	high	Preposition governing στράτευμα.
4	τὸ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 στράτευμα	det	high	Article modifying στράτευμα.
5	στράτευμα	στράτευμα	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	1 ἐνέπεσε	obl	high	Object of ἐς.
6	ἡ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 ταραχὴ	det	high	Article with ταραχή.
7	ταραχὴ	ταραχή	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	0 ROOT	root	high	Main clause subject with ἐνέπεσε.
8	περὶ	περί	ADP	_	_	11 ἑσπέραν	case	high	Preposition introducing temporal phrase.
9	βαθεῖαν	βαθύς	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 ἑσπέραν	amod	high	Adjectival modifier of ἑσπέραν.
10	τὴν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	11 ἑσπέραν	det	high	Article with ἑσπέραν.
11	ἑσπέραν	ἑσπέρα	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 ἐνέπεσε	obl	medium	Temporal oblique dependent of ἐνέπεσε.
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐνέπεσε	punct	high	Punctuation.
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	18 ἐγένοντο	cc	high	Coordinating conjunction.
14	ὀλίγοι	ὀλίγος	ADJ	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 ἐγένοντο	nsubj	medium	Predicative/subjective plural; likely subject of ἐγένοντο.
15	τὸ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	18 ἐγένοντο	obj	low	Likely article with κατʼ ἀρχάς as substantivized phrase; syntax uncertain.
16	κατʼ	κατά	ADP	_	_	17 ἀρχὰς	case	high	Preposition in fixed temporal expression.
17	ἀρχὰς	ἀρχή	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	18 ἐγένοντο	obl	high	Temporal phrase 'at first'.
18	ἐγένοντο	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-AMI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	7 ταραχὴ	conj	high	Coordinated main verb with ἐνέπεσε/ταραχή.
19	οἱ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	20 παραχθέντες	det	high	Article with participle.
20	παραχθέντες	παράγω	VERB	V-AOP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	14 ὀλίγοι	acl	medium	Attributive participle modifying οἱ/ὀλίγοι; exact attachment uncertain.
21	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	_	_	23 νοῦ	case	high	Preposition governing νοῦ.
22	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	23 νοῦ	det	high	Article with νοῦ.
23	νοῦ	νοῦς	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 παραχθέντες	obl	medium	Source/origin phrase dependent on participle.
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	18 ἐγένοντο	punct	high	Punctuation.
25	ἐδόξαζόν	δοξάζω	VERB	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	18 ἐγένοντο	conj	high	Coordinated imperfect verb.
26	τε	τε	PART	_	_	25 ἐδόξαζόν	discourse	high	Enclitic connective particle.
27	οὗτοι	οὗτος	PRON	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	25 ἐδόξαζόν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐδόξαζον.
28	κτύπου	κτύπος	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	35 αἰσθάνεσθαι	obj	low	Likely genitive dependent on αἰσθάνεσθαι or adverbial genitive; uncertain.
29	τε	τε	PART	_	_	28 κτύπου	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
30	ἐπελαυνομένων	ἐπελαύνω	VERB	V-PPP-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	31 ἵππων	amod	high	Participial modifier of ἵππων.
31	ἵππων	ἵππος	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	28 κτύπου	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on κτύπου, with participle modifying it.
32	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	33 ἐφόδου	cc	high	Coordinates the second genitive phrase.
33	ἐφόδου	ἔφοδος	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	28 κτύπου	conj	medium	Second noun coordinated with κτύπου.
34	πολεμίων	πολέμιος	ADJ	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	33 ἐφόδου	amod	high	Adjectival modifier of ἐφόδου.
35	αἰσθάνεσθαι	αἰσθάνομαι	VERB	V-PMN	VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	25 ἐδόξαζόν	xcomp	high	Complement of ἐδόξαζον.
36	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	25 ἐδόξαζόν	punct	high	Punctuation.

Sentence 4

10.23.7 sentence 4

Tokens: 11
Input: 652
Output: 775
Total: 1,427

μετὰ δὲ οὐ πολὺ καὶ ἐς ἅπαντας διέδρα ἡ ἄγνοια.

The syntax is straightforward; the main uncertainty is the exact lexical interpretation of διέδρα, which is treated as the finite root.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	_	Case=Acc	8 διέδρα	obl	medium	Takes accusative; likely temporal 'after' modifying the verb.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	8 διέδρα	discourse	high	Postpositive discourse particle.
3	οὐ	οὐ	PART	_	_	4 πολὺ	advmod	high	Negation of πολὺ.
4	πολὺ	πολύς	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 διέδρα	advmod	medium	Adverbial accusative of degree/time, modifying the verb phrase.
5	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	8 διέδρα	cc	high	Coordinating particle/adverb introducing additive nuance.
6	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	_	Case=Acc	8 διέδρα	obl	high	Preposition governing ἅπαντας.
7	ἅπαντας	ἅπας	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 ἐς	obj	medium	Attributive/noun-like use as object of preposition.
8	διέδρα	διαδιδράσκω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite verb, likely from διαδιδράσκω/διατρέχω in context; chosen as root.
9	ἡ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 ἄγνοια	det	high	Article modifying ἄγνοια.
10	ἄγνοια	ἄγνοια	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 διέδρα	nsubj	high	Subject of the verb.
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8 διέδρα	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

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